Studi Ekologi Kuantitatif Hutan Pilan Sebagai Dasar Pengembangan Kebun Raya Gianyar

https://doi.org/10.22146/jik.40147

Farid Kuswantoro(1*), I Nyoman Lugrayasa(2), Wawan Sujarwo(3)

(1) Balai Konservasi Tumbuhan Kebun Raya "Eka Karya" Bali-LIPI Candikuning, Baturiti, Tabanan, Bali 82191
(2) Balai Konservasi Tumbuhan Kebun Raya "Eka Karya" Bali-LIPI Candikuning, Baturiti, Tabanan, Bali 82191
(3) Balai Konservasi Tumbuhan Kebun Raya "Eka Karya" Bali-LIPI Candikuning, Baturiti, Tabanan, Bali 82191
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Penelitian ekologi kuantitatif diperlukan sebagai baseline dalam proses pembangunan dan pengembangan kebun raya di masa mendatang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan data vegetasi di kawasan hutan yang akan dibangun kebun raya dan menganalisisnya secara kuantitatif. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode petak kuadrat (PU), dengan petak ukur 20 m x 20 m untuk pengamatan tingkat pohon dan tiang, serta 2 mx 2 m untuk pengamatan tingkat tumbuhan bawah. Analisis data dilakukan mengunakan indeks nilai penting, indeks keanekaragaman ShannonWiener, indeks similaritas, analisis kluster, dan analisis komponen utama (PCA). Komunitas tumbuhan di hutan Pilan didominasi oleh Magnolia montana (Blume) Figlar dan Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr. pada tingkat pohon serta Daemonorops sp. pada tingkat tumbuhan bawah. Indeks keanekaragaman pada tingkat pohon dan tiang menunjukan nilai sedang dan rendah pada tingkat tumbuhan bawah, sementara indeks similaritas mayoritas kombinasi PU adalah rendah. Hasil kluster menunjukan terbentuknya dua subset pada kedua tingkat pertumbuhan, dimana PU VI berada di luar kluster sedangkan PCA menunjukan setiap PU mendukung jenis tumbuhan yang berbeda-beda. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa komposisi vegetasi hutan Pilan mendekati klimaks yang disebabkan karena statusnya sebagai hutan keramat sehingga relatif bebas dari gangguan. Faktor-faktor yang diduga mempengaruhi perbedaan komposisi tumbuhan di setiap PU adalah pH tanah, intensitas sinar matahari, jenis pohon yang dominan, efek tepi, dan persebaran bijioleh hewan.


Quantitative Ecological Study of Pilan Forest as a Baseline for Development of Gianyar Botanic Garden

Abstract
Quantitative ecological research is needed as a baseline in the future construction and development of botanic gardens. This study aims to acquired the vegetation data in the forest area where a botanic garden will be established and analyse it quantitatively. The study was conducted using the quadrat plot (PU) method, with a plot measuring 20 m x 20 m for observation and tagging of all trees and saplings, as well as 2 mx2 m for observation of the understorey level. Data analysis was performed by utilising the importance value index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, similarity index, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA). Plant communities in Pilan Forest were dominated by Magnolia montana(Blume) Figlar and Arenga pinnata(Wurmb) Merr. at the canopy level and Daemonorops sp. in the understorey level. The diversity index was moderate and low respectively, while the similarity index was mostly low. The clustering results showed the formation of two subsets in both growth rate as the PU VI was outside the cluster and the PCA indicated that each plot supports different plant species. The study results concluded that the composition of vegetation at Pilan forest is approaching the maximum diversity, and is relatively undisturbed due to its status as a sacred forest. Factors thought to affect the different composition of plants in each plot was the pH of the soil, the intensity of sunlight, dominant tree species, edge effects and distribution of seeds by animals.

Keywords


Bali; botanic garden; plant composition; vegetation analysis; Magnolia montana

Full Text:

PDF


References

Arrijani, Setiadi D, Guhardja E, Qayim I. 2006. Analisis vegetasi hulu DAS Cianjur Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango. Biodiversitas 7(2): 147-153.

Augusto L, Dupouey JL, Ranger J. 2003. Effects of tree species on understory vegetation and environmental conditions in temperate forests. Annals of Forest Science 60(8): 823-831.

Badan Pusat Statistik, 2014. Statistik Daerah Kecamatan Payangan 2014. BPS Kabupaten Gianyar, Bali.

Badan Pusat Statistik. 2016. Kabupaten Gianyar Dalam Angka 2016. BPS Kabupaten Gianyar, Bali.

BGCI. 2016. The role of botanic garden in plant conservation. https://www.bgci.org/resources/ bgs_in_conservation/. (diakses November 2016).

Bray JR, Curtis JT. 1957. An ordination of upland forest communities of the Southern Wisconsin. Ecological Monographs 27(4):325-349.

Brosofske KD, Chen J, Crow TR. 2001. Understorey vegetation and site factors: implications for a managed Wisconsin landscape. Forest Ecology and Management 146(1-3): 75-87.

Broto BW. 2015. Struktur dan komposisi vegetasi habitat anoa (Bubalus spp.) di Hutan Lindung Pegunungan Makongga, Kolaka, Sulawesi Tenggara. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Masyarakat Biodiversitas Indonesia 1(3): 15-620. ISSN: 2407 8050. DOI: 10.13057/psnmbi/mo10339

Coomes DA, Allen RB. 2007. Effects of size, competi tion and altitude on tree growth. Journal of Ecology 95(5):1084-1097

Cortes MC, Uriarte M. 2013. Integrating frugivory and animal movement: a review of the evidence and implications for scaling seed dispersal. Biological Reviews 88(2):255-272.

Grice AC. 1996. Seed production, dispersal and germination in Cryptostegia grandiflora and Ziziphus mauritiana, two invasive shrubs in tropical woodlands of northern Australia. Australian Journal of Ecology 21(3):324-331.

Hadimuljono MB, Widyatmoko D, Rukmana D, Atmawidjaja ES, Chusaini HA, Laksana N, Witono JR, Siregar M, Puspitaningtyas DM, Purnomo DW. 2014a. Roadmap pembangunan kebun raya sebagai ruang terbuka hijau pada kawasan perkotaan di Indonesia tahun 2015-2019. Direktorat Jenderal Penataan Ruang Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum RI, Jakarta. ISBN: 978-602-1365-13-7

Hadimuljono MB, Sudarmonowati E, Widyatmoko D, Rukmana D, Witono JR, Purnomo DW, Solihah SM, Puspaningtyas DM, Atmawidjaja ES, Chusaini HA, 2014b. Roadmap pembangunan kebun raya non perkotaan tahun 2015-2019: Sebuah sinergi konservasi dan pembangunan ekonomi. Pusat Konservasi Tumbuhan Kebun Raya LIPI, Bogor. ISBN:978-979-8539-59-6

Harper KA, Macdonald SE, Burton PJ, Chen J, Brosofske KD, Saunders SC, Euskirchen ES, Roberts D, Jaiteh MS, Esseen PA. 2005. Edge influence on forest structure and composition in fragmented landscapes. Conservation Biology 19(3):768–782.

Ismaini L, Lailati M, Rustandi, Sunandar D. 2015. Analisis komposisi dan keanekaragaman tumbuhan di Gunung Dempo, Sumatera Selatan. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Masyarakat Biodivertas Indonesia 1(6): 1397-1402. ISSN: 24078050. DOI: 10.13057/psnmbi/mo10623. Yogyakarta Indonesia.

Junaedi DI. 2008. Keragaman komunitas tumbuhan di Taman Nasional Gunung Ciremai. Buletin Kebun Raya u(2): 25-32

Kartawinata K. 2013. Diversitas ekosistem alami Indonesia:Ungkapan singkat dengan sajian foto dan gambar. LIPI Press dan Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia, Jakarta. Pp: 66-69.

Lempang M. 2012. Pohon aren dan manfaat produksinya. Info Teknis EBONI 9(1):37-54

Londo AJ, Kushla JD, Carter RC. 2006. Soil pH and tree species suitability in the south. Southern Regional Extension Forestry, 2, 1-5.

Lucas PW, Corlett RT. 1991. Relationship between the diet of Macaca fascicularis and forest phenology. Folia Primatology 57(4):201-215

Magurran AE. 1988. Ecological diversity and its measurement. Croom Helm Ltd, Kent.

Mawazin, Subiakto A. 2013. Keanekaragaman dan komposisi jenis permudaan alam hutan rawa gambut bekas tebangan di Riau. Indonesian Forest Rehabilitation Journal 1(1):59-73

Mulyoutami E, Rismawan R, Joshi L. 2009. Local knowledge and management of simpukng (forest gardens) among the Dayak people in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Forest Ecology and Management 257(10): 2054-2061.

Olson EK, Kabrick JM. 2014. Understory vegetation composition and abundance in relation to light, water, and nutrient supply gradients in upland oak woodlands. In: Groninger JW, Holzmueller EJ, Nielsen CK, Dey DC, (eds.) Proceedings, 19th Central Hardwood Forest Conference; 2014 March 10-12; Carbondale, IL. General Technical Report NRS-P-142. Newton Square, PA: US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station; 63-66. (pp. 63-66).

Orozco-Segovia A, Batis AI, Rojas-Arechiga M, Mendoza A. 2003. Seed biology of palms: A review. Palms 47(2): 79-94.

Otto R, Arteaga MA, Delgado JD, Arevalo JR, Blandino C, Fernandez-Palacios JM. 2014. Road edge effect and elevation patterns of native and alien plants on an oceanic island (Tenerife, Canary Islands). Folia Geobotanica 49(1): 65-82.

Pausas JG, Austin MP. 2001. Patterns of plant species richness in relation to different environments: An appraisal. Journal of Vegetation Science 12(2): 153-166.

Purnomo DW, Hendrian R, Witono JR, Kusuma YWC, Risna RA, Siregar M. 2010. Pencapaian Kebun Raya Indonesia dalam target 8 global strategy for plant conservation (GSPC). Buletin Kebun Raya 13(2):40-50.

Purnomo DW, Magandhi M, Kuswantoro F, Risna RA, Witono JR. 2015. Pengembangan koleksi tumbuhan kebun raya daerah dalam kerangka strategi konservasi tumbuhan di Indonesia. Buletin Kebun Raya 18(2):111-124.

Risna RA, Kusuma YWC, Widyatmoko D, Hendrian R, Pribadi DO. 2010. Spesies prioritas untuk konservasi tumbuhan Indonesia. Seri I: Arecaceae, Cyatheaceae, Nepenthaceae, Orchidaceae. P: 31. LIPI Press-Jakarta. ISSN:978-979-779-507-2.

Rozak AH. 2012. Status taksonomi, distribusi dan kategori status konservasi Magnoliaceae di Indonesia. Buletin Kebun Raya 15(2):81-91.

Setiadi D. 2005. Keanekaragaman spesies tingkat pohon di taman wisata alam Ruteng, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Biodiversitas 6(2): 118-122

Shiels AB. 2011. Frugivory by introduced black rats (Rattus rattus) promotes dispersal of invasive plant seeds. Biological Invasions 13(3):781–792.

Slik JWF. 2004. El Niño droughts and their effects on tree species composition and diversity in tropical rain forests. Oecologia 141(1):114-120.

Sujarwo W, Darma IDP. 2011. Analisis vegetasi dan pendugaan karbon tersimpan pada pohon di kawasan sekitar Gunung dan Danau Batur Kintamani Bali. Jurnal Bumi Lestari 11(1):85-92.

Whitten T, Soeriaatmadja RE, Afiff SA. 1996. The ecology of Indonesian Series Volume II: The ecology of Java and Bali. Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd, Singapore.

Wichmann MC, Alexander MJ, Soons MB, Galsworthy S, Dunne L, Gloud R, Fairfax C, Niggemann M, Hails RS, Bullock JM. 2009. Human-mediated dispersal of seeds over long distances. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Science, 276(1626):523-532.

Williams SJ, Jones JPG, Gibbons JM, Clubbe C. 2015. Botanic gardens can positively influence visitors' environmental attitudes. Biodiversity and Conservation 24(7):1609-1620.

Witono JR, Mogea JP, Somadikarta S. 2002. Pinanga in Java and Bali. PALMS 46(4):193-202.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jik.40147

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 5467 | views : 12179

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2018 Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.


© Editorial Board Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan
Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Building D 2nd floor
Jl. Agro No 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman 55281
Phone. +62-274-512102, +62-274-550541, +62-274-6491420
Fax. +62-274-550541 E-mail : jik@ugm.ac.id
former website : jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jikfkt/
new website : jurnal.ugm.ac.id/v3/jik/

 

Indexed by:

 

Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan is under the license of Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International

Creative Commons License