Effect of Al Concentration over ZnO-Al2O3 Physicochemical Characteristics and Removal of Remazol Red RB

https://doi.org/10.22146/ajche.70084

Widia Purwaningrum(1), Fingky Pristika Sari(2), Julinar Julinar(3), Adiq Ahmadi(4), Muhammad Said(5*)

(1) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sriwijaya University, Indralaya, Sumatra Selatan, 30662, Indonesia Research Centre of Advanced Material and Nanocomposite, Sriwijaya University, Indralaya, Sumatra Selatan, 30662, Indonesia
(2) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sriwijaya University, Indralaya, Sumatra Selatan, 30662, Indonesia
(3) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sriwijaya University, Indralaya, Sumatra Selatan, 30662, Indonesia Research Centre of Advanced Material and Nanocomposite, Sriwijaya University, Indralaya, Sumatra Selatan, 30662, Indonesia
(4) Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sriwijaya University, Indralaya, Sumatra Selatan, 30662, Indonesia
(5) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sriwijaya University, Indralaya, Sumatra Selatan, 30662, Indonesia Research Centre of Advanced Material and Nanocomposite, Sriwijaya University, Indralaya, Sumatra Selatan, 30662, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


ZnO is one of the widely used semiconductors due to its high photocatalytic activity. The inactivity of ZnO in the visible range could be enhanced by combining the ZnO with Al. In this study, the photocatalytic activity of ZnO-Al2O3 on Remazol Red RB was investigated. The effect of the ratio mass of ZnO-Al2O3 (1:0.05, 1:0.07, and 1:0.10) was also evaluated. The photocatalyst would be characterized using XRD, SEM-EDX, and UV-Vis DRS. The characterization showed that photocatalysts were successfully synthesized. The XRD analysis showed that the optimum ratio mass of ZnO-Al2O3 was achieved by 1:0.05, with the smallest crystal size of 13.3 nm. The SEM analysis showed that the surface of ZnO-Al2O3 (1:0.05) was easily granulated with smaller particle sizes than ZnO, and the shape tends to clump with the composites. The EDX analysis of ZnO-Al2O3 confirmed the presence of Zn, O, and Al elements. The photodegradation study showed that the optimum conditions were obtained at a contact time of 180 minutes at pH 6 with 91.04% dye removal. In addition, the effect of the initial concentration of the dye was achieved at 50 ppm with a dye removal of 89.26%. The study showed that the ZnO-Al2O3 exhibited adequate removal of Remazol red RB.


Keywords


Composites; ZnO-Al2O3; Photodegradation; Photocatalyst; Remazol Red RB

Full Text:

PDF


References

Ajala, F., Hamrouni, A., Houas, A., Lachheb, H., Megna, B., Palmisano, L., and Parrino, F. 2018. “The Influence of Al Doping on The Photocatalytic Activity of Nanostructured ZnO: The Role of Adsorbed Water,” Appl. Surf. Sci., 445, 376-382.

Akhtar, M. J., Alhadlaq, H. A., Alshamsan, A., Majeed Khan, M. A., and Ahamed, M. 2015. “Aluminum Doping Tunes Band Gap Energy Level as well as Oxidative Stress-Mediated Cytotoxicity of ZnO Nanoparticles in MCF-7 Cells,” Sci. Rep., 5, 5.

Alibe, I. M., Matori, K. A., Sidek, H. A. A., Yaakob, Y., Rashid, U., Alibe, A. M., Zaid, M. H. M., and Khiri, M. Z. A. “Effects of calcination holding time on properties of wide band gap willemite semiconductor nanoparticles by the polymer thermal treatment method,” Molecules, 23(4), 1-18.

Alshabanat, M. N., and Al-Anazy, M. M. 2018. “An Experimental Study of Photocatalytic Degradation of Congo Red Using Polymer Nanocomposite Films,” J. Chem., 2018.

Benhaoua, B., Rahal, A., and Benramache, S. 2014. “The Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of Nanocrystalline ZnO:Al Thin Films,” Superlattices Microstruct., 68, 2.

Casillas, J. E., Tzompantzi, F., Castellanos, S. G., Mendoza-Damián, G., Pérez-Hernández, R., López-Gaona, A., and Barrera, A. 2017. “Promotion effect of ZnO on the photocatalytic activity of coupled Al2O3-Nd2O3-ZnO composites prepared by the sol − gel method in the degradation of phenol,” Appl. Catal. B Environ., 208, 161-170.

Cheshme khavar, A. H., Mahjoub, A., and Bayat Rizi, M. 2017. “Low temperature one-pot synthesis of Cu-doped ZnO/Al2O3 composite by a facile rout for rapid methyl orange degradation,” J. Photochem. Photobiol. B Biol., 175, 37-45.

Elhalil, A., Elmoubarki, R., Farnane, M., Machrouhi, A., Sadiq, M., Mahjoubi F. Z., Qourzal, S., and Barka, N. 2018. “Photocatalytic degradation of caffeine as a model pharmaceutical pollutant on Mg doped ZnO-Al2O3 heterostructure,” Environ. Nano-technol. Monit., 10, 63-72.

Elhalil, A., Elmoubarki, R., Farnane, M., Machrouhi, A., Mahjoubi, F. Z. Sadiq, M., Qourzal, S., and Barka, N. 2018. “Synthesis, characterization and efficient photocatalytic activity of novel Ca/ZnO-Al2O3 nanomaterial,” Mater. Today Commun., 16, 194-203.

Fajriati, N., Mudasir., and Wahyuni, E. T. 2019. “Adsorption and photodegradation of cationic and anionic dyes by TiO2 chitosan nanocomposite,“ Indones. J. Chem., 19(2), 441-453.

Goudarzi, M. and Salavati-Niasari, M. 2018. “Using pomegranate peel powders as a new capping agent for synthesis of CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 nanostructures; enhancement of visible light photocatalytic activity,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy., 43(31), 14406-14416.

Munawaroh, H., Wahyuningsih, S., and Ramelan, A. H. 2017. “Synthesis and Characterization of Al doped ZnO (AZO) by Sol-gel Method,” IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng., 176, 012049.

Khan, I., Saeed, K., Ali, N., Khan, I., Zhang, B., and Sadiq, M. 2020. “Heterogeneous photodegradation of industrial dyes: An insight to different mechanisms and rate affecting parameters,” J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 8(5), 104364.

Lei, C., Pi, M., Xu, D., Jiang, C., & Cheng, B. 2017. "Fabrication of hierarchical porous ZnO-Al2O3 microspheres with enhanced adsorption performance," Appl. Surf. Sci., 426, 360–368.

Liu, X., Niu, C., Zhen, X., Wang, J., & Su, X. 2015. "Novel approach for synthesis of boehmite nanostructures and their conversion to aluminum oxide nanostructures for remove Congo red," J. Colloid Interface Sci., 452,116–125.

Lhimr, S., Bouhlassa, S. and Ammary, B. 2021. “Influence of calcination temperature on size, morphology and optical properties of ZnO/C composite synthesized by a colloidal method,” Indones. J. Chem., 21(3), 537-545.

Luna-Sanguino, G., Tolosana-Moranchel, A., Carbajo, J., Pascual, L., Rey, A., Faraldos, M., and Bahamonde, A. 2020. “Role of surrounding crystallization media in TiO2 polymorphs coexistence and the effect on AOPs performance,” Mol. Catal., 493, 111059.

Luo, J. L., Wang, S. F., Liu, W., Tian, C. X., Wu, J. W., Zu, X. T., Zhao, W. L., Yuan, X. D., and Xiang, X. 2017. “Influence of different aluminum salts on the photocatalytic properties of Al doped TiO2 nanoparticles towards the degradation of AO7 dye,” Sci. Rep., 7(1), 1-16.

M’Arimi, M. M., Mecha, C. A., Kiprop, A. K., and Ramkat, R. 2020. “Recent trends in applications of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in bioenergy production: Review,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 121, 109669.

Mcyotto, F., Wei, Q., Macharia, D. K., Huang, M., Shen, C., and Chow, C. W. K. 2021. “Effect of dye structure on color removal efficiency by coagulation,” Chem. Eng. J., 405, 126674.

Modwi, A., Ghanem, M. A., Al-Mayouf, A. M., and Houas, A. 2018. “Lowering energy band gap and enhancing photocatalytic properties of Cu/ZnO composite decorated by transition metals,” J. Mol. Struct., 1173, 1-6.

Moradipour, P., Dabirian, F., and Moradipour, M. 2020. “Ternary ZnO/ZnAl2O4/Al2O3 composite nanofiber as photocatalyst for conversion of CO2 and CH4,” Ceram. Int., 46(5), 5566-5574.

Murali, M., Suganthi, P., Athif, P., Sadiq Bukhari, A., Syed Mohamed, H. E., Basu, H., and Singhal, R. K. 2017. “Histological Alterations in The Hepatic Tissues of Al2O3 Nanoparticles Exposed Freshwater Fish Oreochromis Mossambicus,” J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol., 44, 17.

Nasr, M., Viter, R., Eid, C., Habchi, R., Miele, P., and Bechelany, M. 2018. “Optical and structural properties of Al2O3 doped ZnO nanotubes prepared by ALD and their photocatalytic,” Surf. Coatings. Technol., 343, 24-29.

Ngulube, T., Gumbo, J. R., Masindi, V., and Maity, A. 2017. “An update on synthetic dyes adsorption onto clay based minerals: A state-of-art review,” J. Environ. Manage., 191, 35-537.

Pradhan, P., Alonso, J. C., and Bizarro, M. 2012. “Photocatalytic performance of ZnO: Al films under different light sources,” Int. J. Photoenergy.

Qaderi, J., Mamat, C. R., and Jalil, A. A. 2021. “Preparation and Characterization of Copper, Iron, and Nickel Doped Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysts for Decolorization of Methylene Blue,” Sains Malays., 50(1), 135-149.

Sa-nguanprang, S., Phuruangrat, A., Thongtem, T., and Thongtem, S. 2019. “Preparation of Visible-Light-Driven Al-Doped ZnO nanoparticles Used for Photodegradation of Methylene Blue,” J. Electron. Mater., 49(3), 1841-1848.

Saksono, N., Putri, D. A., and Suminar, D. R. 2017. “Degradation of Remazol Red in batik dye waste water by contact glow discharge electrolysis method using NaOH and NaCl electrolytes,” AIP Conf Proc., 1823, 3-8.

Sangeeta, M., Karthik, K. V., Ravishankar, R., Anantharaju, K. S., Nagabhushana, H., Jeetendra, K. Vidya, Y. S., and Renuka, L. 2017. “Synthesis of ZnO, MgO and ZnO/MgO by Solution Combustion Method: Characterization and Photocatalytic Studies,” Mater. Today Proc., 4(11), 11791-11798.

Shenouda, S. S., Hussien, M. S. A., Parditka, B., Csík, A., Takats, V., and Erdélyi, Z. 2020. “Novel amorphous Al-rich Al2O3 ultra-thin films as active photocatalysts for water treatment from some textile dyes,” Ceram. Int., 46(6), 7922-7929.

Shu, J., Wang, Z., Huang, Y., Huang, N., Ren, C., and Zhang, W. S. 2015. “Adsorption Removal of Congo Red from Aqueous Solution by Polyhedral Cu2O Nanoparticles: Kinetics, Isotherms, Thermodynamics and Mechanism Analysis,” J. Alloys Compd., 633, 339.

Stjepanović, M., Velić, N., Galić, A., Kosović, I., Jakovljević, T., and Habuda-Stanić, M. 2021. “From waste to biosorbent: Removal of congo red from water by waste wood biomass,” Water., 13(3), 279.

Stojadinović, S., Tadić, N., Radić, N., Stojadinović, B., Grbić, B., and Vasilić, R. 2015. “Synthesis and characterization of Al2O3/ZnO coatings formed by plasma electrolytic oxidation,” Surf. Coatings Technol., 276, 573-579.

Stojadinović, Stevan, Radić, N., Tadić, N., Vasilić, R., and Grbić, B. 2020. “Enhanced ultraviolet light driven photocatalytic activity of ZnO particles incorporated by plasma electrolytic oxidation into Al2O3 coatings co-doped with Ce3+,” Opt. Mater., 101, 109768.

Tajizadegan, H., Torabi, O., Heidary, A., Golabgir, M. H., and Jamshidi, A. 2015. “Study of methyl orange adsorption properties on ZnO–Al2O3 nanocomposite adsorbent particles,” Desalin. Water Treat., 57(26), 12324-12334.

Tejada-Tovar, C., Villabona-Ortíz, Á., and Gonzalez-Delgado, Á. 2021. “Adsorption of Azo-Anionic Dyes in a Solution Using Modified Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Mesocarp: Kinetic and Equilibrium Study,” Water, 13(10), 1382.

Vu, A. T., Pham, T. A. T., Tran, T. T., Nguyen, X. T., Tran, T. Q., Tran, Q. T., Tran, Q. T., Nguyen, T. N., Van, D. T., Vi, T. D., Nguyen, C. L. 2020. “Synthesis of nano-flakes Ag·ZnO·activated carbon composite from rice husk as a photocatalyst under solar light,” Bull. Chem. React. Eng. Catal., 15(1), 264-279.

Zhang, X., Chen, Y., Zhang, S., Q. C. 2017. “High photocatalytic performance of high concentration Al-doped ZnO nano- particles,“ Sep. Purif. Technol., 172, 236-241.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ajche.70084

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 1199 | views : 1214

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering  (print ISSN 1655-4418; online ISSN 2655-5409) is published by Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada.