DAMPAK PEMBERANTASAN KORUPSI TERHADAP PEREKONOMIAN, EMISI KARBON DAN SEKTOR KEHUTANAN INDONESIA (Corruption Eradication Impacts on The Economy, Carbon Emissions and Forestry Sector in Indonesia)

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Permasalahan lingkungan, korupsi, dan perubahan iklim menjadi persoalan dunia yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dari masalah politik, moral, budaya, kelembagaan, dan ekonomi. Beberapa kajian menunjukkan korupsi akan menurunkan pertumbuhan ekonomi sedangkan kajian lainnya menunjukkan sebaliknya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui dampak pemberantasan korupsi terhadap perekonomian, emisi karbon (lingkungan) dan sektor kehutanan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis ekonometrika persamaan simultan dinamis dengan data tahun 1969—2012. Metode pendugaan model menggunakan Two Stage Least Squares (2SLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilan pemberantasan korupsi akan meningkatkan investasi, pertumbuhan ekonomi, pajak, dan menurunkan pengangguran, namun tidak berdampak pada kemiskinan. Pemberantasan korupsi meningkatkan aktivitas ekonomi sehingga emisi karbon meningkat. Sektor kehutanan dapat berperan menurunkan emisi karbon dan diuntungkan dengan pemberantasan korupsi meskipun kinerja industri kehutanan dan dana reboisasi sedikit turun.

ABSTRACT

Environment problem, corruption and climate change have become the world issues that cannot be separated from political, moral, cultural, institutional, and economic problems. Several studies have pointed out that corruption lowered the economic growth while other studies suggested the opposite. This study aims to determine the impacts of corruption eradication on the economy, carbon emissions (environment) and forestry sector in Indonesia. This study used an econometric analysis of dynamic simultaneous equation based on the time series data spanned from the year of 1969 to 2012. The estimation model was performed by using Two Stage Least Squares (2SLS) method. The results indicated that the successful of corruption eradication will both increase investment, economic growth, and taxes, as well as reduce unemployment, but it had no impact on poverty alleviation. Corruption eradication increased economic activities that result in a rising of carbon emissions. The forestry sector can contribute to reduce carbon emissions and benefit from the eradication of corruption even though the performance of forestry industries and reforestation funds will be slightly decreased.