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KOADAPTASI PETANI DALAM PENGELOLAAN EKOSISTEM PERTANIAN PADA BUDIDAYA UBI KAYU DI DESA RANCAMANGGUNG KABUPATEN SUBANG (Farmers Coadaptation in Agroecosystem Management of Cassava Cultivation in Rancamanggung Village - Subang District)
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Carolina Carolina(1*), Fithria Novianti(2)
(1) Pusat Pengembangan Teknologi Tepat Guna, Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, Jalan KS Tubun No. 5 – Subang
(2) Pusat Pengembangan Teknologi Tepat Guna, Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, Jalan KS Tubun No. 5 – Subang
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Ubi kayu (Manihot esculenta) menjadi tanaman pokok sumber penghasilan bagi sebagian besar masyarakat petani di Desa Rancamanggung Kabupaten Subang selama tigadekade. Fenomena tersebut menunjukkan bahwa mitos ubi kayu sebagai tanaman boros nutrisi dapat dipatahkan. Berdasarkan hal itu, dilakukan sebuah studi kasus yang bertujuan untuk mengenali inovasi pengelolaan ekosistem pertanian ubi kayu yang diterapkan oleh masyarakat petani di desa tersebut. Fokus diarahkan pada petani kecil pengelola lahan kurang dari 2000m2. Secara umum petani kecil ditengarai sebagai komunnitas yang lebih rentan terhadap terhadap tekanan ekonomi yang kerap ditunjukkan melalui ekploitasi lingkungan berlebihan. Wawancara mendalam dan observasi langsung dilakukan untuk menggali fenomena lapangan. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa petani kecil di Desa Rancamanggung telah menunjukkan kemampuannya dalam mendayagunakan potensi lokal dengan baik. Penyesuaian terhadap dinamika ekosistem pertanian,Hal ini dibuktikan dengan kemampuan memenuhi permintaan pasar terhadap ubi kayu, yang cenderung meningkat. Di dalam keterbatasan sumber daya yang dikelola,pemenuhan permintaan pasar tersebut dipenuhi dengan melakukan inovasi pengelolaan ekosistem pertaniannya sehingga jumlah dan mutu hasil panen tetap dapat terjaga dalam jangka waktu panjang.
ABSTRACT
Cassava (Manihot esculenta) has been the main income generating crop for most farmers in Rancamanggung Village of Subang District during the last three decades. The phenomenon is breaking the myth about cassava as nutrient removal crop. Based on the observed fact, a case study was conducted to gain thorough understanding of the agroecosystem management performed by cassava farmers in the area. Focus was directed towards smallholders performance who manage less than 2000 m2 area of agricultural land. It is a common belief that smallholders are more prone to economic pressure leading to excessive environmental exploitation. Indepth interview and direct observation were conducted to explore field phenomenon. However, it is found that the smallholder farmers in Rancamanggung Village show their capability to reasonably optimize local resources. Adaptation to the dynamics of agroecosystem was indicated by their ability to fulfill the increasing market demand. Despite resources limitation, the smallhoder farmers continue to perform by managing their agroecosystem without any sign of productivity nor quality declination in a long period of time.
Keywords
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ARTIKEL LENGKAP (PDF) (Bahasa Indonesia)References
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