KARAKTERISTIK HABITAT MANGROVE DI SEKITAR PERTAMBANGAN TIMAH LEPAS PANTAI KABUPATEN BANGKA SELATAN (Characteristic Of Mangrove Habitat Around Tin Offshore Mining in South Bangka Regency)

Abstract

Abstrak

Kegiatan penambangan timah lepas pantai di Kabupaten Bangka Selatan dapat mengganggu komponen biotik mangrove terkait kualitas air meliputi suhu, kekeruhan, salinitas, oksigen terlarut, pH, kedalaman lumpur, kandungan logam berat dari air laut dan komponen abiotik mangrove seperti vegetasi mangrove dan Plankton. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik habitat mangrove berdasarkan kualitas perairan, vegetasi mangrove serta kandungan logam pada wilayah mangrove tanpa aktivitas pertambangan timah dan mangrove dengan aktivitas pertambangan timah. Metode pengambilan sampel di lapangan dilakukan secara systemactic sampling with random start, kemudian dianalisis dengan analisis independent sample test. Pengujian kualitas perairan dan kandungan logam dilakukan dengan mengacu pada baku mutu kebutuhan biota laut KepMenLH 2004. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan ada beda nyata rata-rata ketebalan lumpur pada kawasan mangrove alami 64 dan 179 cm pada kawasan mangrove di wilayah pertambangan timah lepas pantai, salinitas 32,56  dan 11,79  ‰, derajat keasaman (pH) 7,3 dan 6,2, oksigen terlarut 15,14 dan 12,82 ppm, kekeruhan 32 dan 9 cm, kelimpahan plankton 435.273 dan 546.800 individu/mL dengan keanekaragaman plankton 4,08 dan 2,99. Kerapatan jenis mangrove alami yaitu 46.600 individud/ha dan kerapatan jenis di kawasan mangrove pertambangan timah lepas pantai sebesar 18.300 individud/ha dengan keanekaragaman jenis 0,74 dan 0,84 dan perbandingan Suhu  28,4 dan 28,7 ^oC berdasarkan analisis sample test tidak menunjukkan beda nyata. Kandungan logam Timbal (Pb) dan Cu (tembaga) memiliki nilai yang sama, yaitu Pb < 0,0161 mg/L dan Cu < 0,0069 mg/L. Kadar Pb dan Cu di kawasan mangrove alami dipengaruhi oleh kondisi kepulauan merupakan jalur transportasi kapal-kapal yang menggunakan bahan bakar, sedangkan pada wilayah pertambangan timah di pengaruhi oleh limbah buangan hasil penambangan timah.

Abstract

Tin offshore mining in South Bangka Regency activity can disturb biotic component of mangrove related to water quality such as temperature, turbidity, salinity, dissolved oxygen pH, the depth of mud, the content of heavy metal of sea and mangrove abiotic component such as mangrove vegetation and plankton. The purpose of this study was to find the characteristic of mangrove habitat based on water quality, vegetation, and the content of heavy metal in the mangrove area with and without tin mining activities. The method of sample this research was done in systematic sampling with random start, and then was analyzed by using independent sample test. The quality of water and the content of heavy metal was analyzed referred to sea water quality standards for heavy marine life KepMenLH 2004. The research showed, there were obvious different of the mud thickness average value at the natural mangrove 64 and 179 cm of mangrove area in tin mining offshore. Salinity 32.56  and 11.79 ‰, degree acidity (pH) 7.3 and 6.2, dissolved oxygen 15.14 and 12.82 ppm, turbidity 32 and 9 cm, plankton 435,273 and 54,800 individual/mL which species diversity 4.08 and 2.99. Species density of offshore mining in mangrove area is 18,330 individual/ha and the natural mangrove 46,600 individual/ha which species diversity 0.74 and 0.84 and comparison of temperature 28.4 and 28.7^oC of independent sample test can’t show different real. The content of lead metal (Pb) and Cu (copper) having the same value, Pb <0.0161 mg/L and Cu <0.0069 mg/L. Levels Pb and cu in the natural mangrove was influenced by the island was the transportation ships using fuel, while in the tin mining areas were influenced by the waste disposal of tin mining.