Toxisitas temephos, minyak atsiri jahe ​(Zingiber officinale Roxb)​, dan ​Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis​ (Bti) terhadap larva nyamuk ​Ae. aegypti​ dari Sumatra Utara

https://doi.org/10.22146/bkm.33851

Horas Sihotang(1*), Sitti Umniyati(2)

(1) Departemen Biostatistik, Epidemiologi, dan Kesehatan Populasi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan Universitas Gadjah Mada
(2) Departemen Parasitologi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Toxicities of temephos, essential oil of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roxb), and Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. Israelensis (Bti) against Ae. aegypti larvae from North Sumatra 

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to confirm the resistance status and resistance ratio (RR) of  Ae. aegypti larvae to temephos as well as to determine the effectiveness of a liquid solution of Bti H-14 and the essential oil of ginger (Zingiber officinale roxb) against Ae. aegypti larvae from Deli Serdang, North Sumatra.

Method

A randomized post-test only control group was con- ducted using 3rd instar larvae of Ae. aegypti as the subjects of this study. Larval mortality was recorded after 24 hours of exposure with diagnostic dose of temephos (0.02ppm) to determine the resistance status. Probit analysis was conducted to determine median lethal time (LT50) and the RR. The concetration of Bti toxicity test was 0.01, 0.013, 0.017, 0.02, 0.03 and 0.04 mL/L and the concentration of toxicity essential oil of ginger test was 66.6, 99.9, 133.2, 166.5, 199.8 and 266.4 ppm.

Results

Ae. aegypti larvae were resistant to temephos (0.02ppm) with RR 1.9 < 5. The value of LC50 and LC90 of Bti were 0.014; 0.024 mL/L respectively. The value of LC50 and LC90 of essential oil of ginger solution were 65.6ppm and 129.1ppm respectively.

Conclusion

Larvae are resistant to temephos with low resistance criteria. Bti and essential oil of ginger are toxic to Ae. aegypti larvae.


Keywords


Bti; DHF; essential oils of ginger; temephos



References

  1. Kementerian Kesehatan. Modul Pengendalian Demam Berdarah Dengue. Jakarta. 2011.
  2. Lemon SM, Sparling PF, Hamburg MA, Relman DA, Choffnes ER, Mack A. Vector-borne diseases: understanding the environmental, human health, and ecological connections. Workshop summary. InVector-borne diseases: understanding the environmental, human health, and ecological connections. Workshop summary. 2008. National Academies Press.
  3. Kementerian Kesehatan. Profil Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2014. Jakarta. 2015.
  4. Soedarto. Demam Berdarah Dengue: Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever. CV Sagung Seto. 2012.
  5. Nugroho AD. Kematian larva Ae. aegypti setelah pemberian abate dibandingkan dengan pemberian serbuk serai. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat. 2011;7(1):91-6.
  6. Fuadzy H, Hendri J. Indeks entomologi dan kerentanan larva Ae. aegypti terhadap temefos di Kelurahan Karsamenak Kecamatan Kawalu Kota Tasikmalaya. Vektora: Jurnal Vektor dan Reservoir Penyakit. 2015 Oct 10;7(2):57-64.
  7. Chen CD, Nazni WA, Lee HL, Norma-Rashid Y, Lardizabal ML, Sofian-Azirun M. Temephos resistance in field aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse) from Selangor, Malaysia. Tropical biomedicine. 2013;30(2):220-30.
  8. Lima EP, Paiva MH, de Araújo AP, da Silva ÉV, da Silva UM, de Oliveira LN, Santana AE, Barbosa CN, de Paiva Neto CC, Goulart MO, Wilding CS. Insecticide resistance in Ae. aegypti populations from Ceará, Brazil. Parasites & Vectors. 2011 Dec;4(1):5.
  9. Grisales N, Poupardin R, Gomez S, Fonseca-Gonzalez I, Ranson H, Lenhart A. Temephos resistance in Ae. aegypti in Colombia compromises dengue vector control. PLoS neglected tropical diseases. 2013 Sep 19;7(9):e2438.
  10. Istiana FH. Isnaini. Status kerentanan larva Ae. aegypti terhadap temefos di Banjarmasin Barat. Jurnal Buski. 2012 Dec;4(2):53-8.
  11. Mulyatno KC, Yamanaka A, Konishi E. Resistance of Ae. aegypti (L.) larvae to temephos in Surabaya, Indonesia. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health. 2012 Jan 1;43(1):29.
  12. Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. Laporan Penelitian: Pemetaan Status Kerentanan Ae. aegypti Terhadap Insektisida di Indonesia 2015.
  13. Susanti TD, Kesetyaningsih TW. Perbandingan Efektivitas Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) terhadap Larva Ae. aegypti Laboratorium dan Daerah Endemik Demam Berdarah di Yogyakarta. Mutiara Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan. 2016 Jun 2;7(1 (s)):45-51.
  14. Palma L, Muñoz D, Berry C, Murillo J, Caballero P. Bacillus thuringiensis toxins: an overview of their biocidal activity. Toxins. 2014 Dec 11;6(12):3296-325.
  15. Glare TR, O’Callaghan M. Environmental and health impacts of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis. Report for the Ministry of Health. 1998 Jul;58.
  16. Ritchie SA, Rapley LP, Benjamin S. Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) provides residual control of Ae. aegypti in small containers. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene. 2010 Jun 1;82(6):1053-9.
  17. Ravindran PN, Babu KN, editors. Ginger: the genus Zingiber. CRC press; 2016 Apr 19.
  18. Kardinan A. Tanaman pengusir dan pembasmi nyamuk. Agromedia Pustaka. Jakarta. 2003.
  19. Sarwar M, Salman M. Insecticides resistance in insect pests or vectors and development of novel strategies to combat its evolution. International Journal of Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering. 2015;1(3):344-51.
  20. World Health Organization. Global plan for insecticide resistance management in malaria vectors (GPIRM). Geneva: WHO, 2012.
  21. World Health Organization. Guidelines for laboratory and field testing of mosquito larvicides. WHO (CHS/WHOPES/GCDPP/2005.13). Geneva: WHO,2005.
  22. World Health Organization. Monitoring and managing insecticide resistance in Aedes mosquito populations Interim guidance for entomologists. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2016.
  23. World Health Organization. Report of the WHO Informal Consultation Tests procedures for insecticide resistance monitoring in malaria vectors, bio-efficacy and persistence of insecticides on treated surfaces. Geneva: World Health Organization: Parasitic Diseases and Vector Control (PVC)/Communicable Disease Control, Prevention and Eradication (CPE). 1998;43.
  24. World Health Organization. Report of the twelfth WHOPES working group meeting, WHO/HQ, Geneva, 8-11 December 2008. InReport of the twelfth WHOPES working group meeting, WHO/HQ, Geneva, 8-11 December 2008 2009.
  25. Kalaivani K, Senthil-Nathan S, Murugesan AG. Biological activity of selected Lamiaceae and Zingiberaceae plant essential oils against the dengue vector Ae. aegypti L.(Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitology research. 2012 Mar 1;110(3):1261-8.
  26. Santi HL, Purnama SG. Uji Patogenitas Bacillus Thuringiensis Var. Israelensis Terhadap Larva Nyamuk Aedes SP. Sebagai Biokontrol Penyebab Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue Di Denpasar Tahun 2014. Archive of Community Health. 2016;3(1):14-23.
  27. Fuadzy H, Wahono T, Widawati M. Susceptibility of Ae. aegypti Larvae against Temephos in Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Endemic Area Tasikmalaya City. ASPIRATOR-Journal of Vector-borne Disease Studies. 2017 Jun 15;9(1 Juni):29-34.
  28. Andrande CF, Modolo M. Susceptibility of Ae. aegypti larvae to temephos and Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis in integrated control. Revista de Saúde Pública. 1991 Jun;25(3):184-7.
  29. Araújo AP, Diniz DF, Helvecio E, De Barros RA, De Oliveira CM, Ayres CF, de Melo-Santos MA, Regis LN, Silva-Filha MH. The susceptibility of Ae. aegypti populations displaying temephos resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis: a basis for management. Parasites & vectors. 2013 Dec;6(1):297.
  30. Karunamoorthi K, Sabesan S. Insecticide resistance in insect vectors of disease with special reference to mosquitoes: a potential threat to global public health. Health Scope. 2013;2(1):4-18.
  31. Perwitasari D, Musadad DA, Manalu HS, Munif A. Pengaruh Beberapa Dosis Bacillus Thuringiensis Var Israelensis Serotype H14 Terhadap Larva Ae. aegypti Di Kalimantan Barat. Jurnal Ekologi Kesehatan. 2015 Jan 9;14(3):229-37.
  32. Lee WJ, Lee DK. Laboratory assessment of a formulated Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis against five medically important species of mosquito larvae in Republic of Korea. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology. 2004 Feb 1;7(1):133-6.
  33. Bravo A, Gill SS, Soberon M. Mode of action of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry and Cyt toxins and their potential for insect control. Toxicon. 2007 Mar 15;49(4):423-35.
  34. Lee YW, Zairi J. Field evaluation of Bacillus thuringiensis H-14 against Aedes mosquitoes. Trop Biomed. 2006 Jun 1;23(1):37-44.
  35. Aly C. Feeding behavior of Aedes vexans larvae (Diptera: Culicidae) and its influence on the effectiveness of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis. Bull. Soc. Vector Ecol. 1983;8(2):94-100.
  36. Laurence D, Christophe L, Roger F. in Pesticides in the Modern World - Pests Control and Pesticides Exposure and Toxicity Assessment. International Technology. 2011.
  37. Cavalcanti ES, Morais SM, Lima MA, Santana EW. Larvicidal activity of essential oils from Brazilian plants against Ae. aegypti L. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. 2004 Aug;99(5):541-4.
  38. Pushpanathan T, Jebanesan A, Govindarajan M. The essential oil of Zingiber officinalis Linn (Zingiberaceae) as a mosquito larvicidal and repellent agent against the filarial vector Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitology research. 2008 May 1;102(6):1289-91.
  39. Koul O, Walia S, Dhaliwal GS. Essential oils as green pesticides: potential and constraints. Biopestic Int. 2008;4(1):63-84.
  40. Kumar G, Karthik L, Rao KB. A review on pharmacological and phytochemical properties of Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae). Journal of Pharmacy Research. 2011 Sep;4(9):2963-6.
  41. Widiastuti I. Sukses Agribisnis Minyak Atsiri Menguak Peluang Usaha Aneka Olahan Minyak Atsiri.
  42. Furtado RF, de Lima MG, Andrade Neto M, Bezerra JN, Silva MG. Larvicidal activity of essential oils against Ae. aegypti L.(Diptera: Culicidae). Neotropical Entomology. 2005 Oct;34(5):843-7.
  43. Sulistiyani A. Effectiveness of Essential Oil as Larvacide on Ae. aegypti. Jurnal Majority. 2015 Jan 20;4(3).
  44. Asfi SH. Uji Bioaktivitas Filtrat Rimpang Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinale) terhadap Tingkat Mortalitas dan Penghambatan Aktivitas Makan Larva Plutella xylostella secara In-Vitro. LenteraBio. 2015;4(1). American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene. 2010 Jun 1;82(6):1053-9.
  45. Suadnyani, A. A. I. & Sudarmaja, I. M. Pengaruh Konsentrasi Ekstrak Etanol Rimpang Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinale Rosc) terhadap Kematian Larva Nyamuk Ae. aegypti. E-Jurnal Medika 5. 2016:1–5.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/bkm.33851

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 2562 | views : 1833

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2018 Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat ISSN 0215-1936 (PRINT), ISSN: 2614-8412 (ONLINE).

Indexed by:

 

Web Analytics Visitor Counter