Penggunaan HIV dementia scale dan international HIV dementia scale pada skrining demensia
Dewiyana Dewiyana(1*), Sekar Satiti(2), Abdul Gofir(3)
(1) KSM Saraf RS Ratu Zalekha, Martapura
(2) Departemen Neurologi Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(3) Departemen Neurologi Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
HIV-Associated Dementia (HAD) pada makalah ini selanjutnya diberi istilah demensia terkait HIV adalah demensia subkortikal terdiri dari gejala motorik dan kognitif (fungsi eksekutif, memori, konsentrasi) yang murni disebabkan oleh kerusakan neuron akibat infeksi HIV, tidak seperti pada hampir semua bentuk lain dari demensia, HAD cenderung terjadi pada orang yang lebih muda, menyerang hampir 20% pasien dengan AIDS, dengan insidensi tahunan sebesar 7%, yang berhubungan dengan morbiditas dan mortalitas.
Pada diagnosis HAD disebutkan tidak ada tes tunggal, tetapi berdasarkan gejala klinis, hasil laboratorium, pemeriksaan imaging dan pemeriksaan neuropsikologi. Komponen kunci adalah tes neuropsikologi, tetapi menghabiskan waktu, mahal dan tidak tersedia secara umum. Beberapa instrumen skrining klinis yang singkat dikembangkan untuk gangguan demensia, hal ini tergantung kondisi targetnya. HIV dementia scale (HDS) yang dikembangkan, tampaknya luas digunakan karena kemampuannya membedakan pasien demensia dengan yang kognitifnya normal di mana fokus pada 4 domain utama yaitu memori, atensi, psikomotor, dan konstruksi. International HIV dementia scale (IHDS) merupakan modifikasi dari HDS yang dikembangkan oleh Sacktor et al. berisi 3 subtes yaitu motor speed, psychomotor speed, dan memory recall.
Pada tinjauan pustaka ini, penulis mengumpulkan beberapa artikel dengan topik skrining gangguan kognitif pada pasien infeksi HIV dengan instrumen HDS dan IHDS, kemudian menggambarkan secara kualitatif hasil validitas dari beberapa artikel. Simpulan dari artikel-artikel tersebut bahwa sebagian besar menyebutkan validitas HDS dan IHDS baik sebagai instrumen skrining bukan sebagai instrumen diagnostik karena mempunyai keterbatasan pada kondisi klinis HAD yang ringan, di mana didapatkan hasil yang kurang efisien.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/bns.v18i2.54993
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