The first evaluation of glucose-6-phospate dehydrogenase defciency (G6PD) gene mutation in malaria endemic region at South Central Timor (SCT) district, Eastern Indonesia 2014–2015

Jontari Hutagalung; Hari Kusnanto; S. Supargiyono; P. Purwono; Sadewa Ahmad Hamim; Darojatun Ida; Satyagraha Ari Winasti; Novijanti Rintis; Triwibowo A. Garjito; Mega Tyas Prihatin; Bai Apris; Bansai Immanuel; Kik Hao Samuel; Hananta Linawati

doi:10.22146/ijbiotech.24194

The first evaluation of glucose-6-phospate dehydrogenase defciency (G6PD) gene mutation in malaria endemic region at South Central Timor (SCT) district, Eastern Indonesia 2014–2015

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijbiotech.24194

Jontari Hutagalung^(1*), Hari Kusnanto⁽²⁾, S. Supargiyono⁽³⁾, P. Purwono⁽⁴⁾, Sadewa Ahmad Hamim⁽⁵⁾, Darojatun Ida⁽⁶⁾, Satyagraha Ari Winasti⁽⁷⁾, Novijanti Rintis⁽⁸⁾, Triwibowo A. Garjito⁽⁹⁾, Mega Tyas Prihatin⁽¹⁰⁾, Bai Apris⁽¹¹⁾, Bansai Immanuel⁽¹²⁾, Kik Hao Samuel⁽¹³⁾, Hananta Linawati⁽¹⁴⁾

(1) Research unit Tropical Medicine (Tropmed), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(2) Research unit Tropical Medicine (Tropmed), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(3) Department of Parasitology, Entomology and Tropical Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(4) Department of Parasitology, Entomology and Tropical Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(5) Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(6) Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(7) Laboratory red blood cell and enzyme disorder, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
(8) Laboratory red blood cell and enzyme disorder, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
(9) Institute for Vector & Reservoir Control Research & Development (IVRCR&D), National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Salatiga, Cental Java, Indonesia
(10) Institute for Vector & Reservoir Control Research & Development (IVRCR&D), National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Salatiga, Cental Java, Indonesia
(11) Health offce of Timor Tengah Selatan District and Malaria Laboratory, Soe, Nusa Tenggara Timur Province, Indonesia
(12) Health offce of Timor Tengah Selatan District and Malaria Laboratory, Soe, Nusa Tenggara Timur Province, Indonesia
(13) Health offce of Timor Tengah Selatan District and Malaria Laboratory, Soe, Nusa Tenggara Timur Province, Indonesia
(14) Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Catholic Atmajaya, Jakarta, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Primaquine (PQ) is a key drug in the malaria pre-elimination stage. However, PQ can trigger acute
hemolysis for people with G6PD defciency (G6PDd). In 2013, 15–25 million Indonesian people were infected with malaria, with 30,000–38,000 deaths each year mostly in eastern Indonesia with API= 15.6 %. Recently, the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia announced a plan to reach the pre-elimination stage based on WHO guidelines. This study assesses whether eastern Indonesia should proceed with the activities of malaria pre-elimination. A total 555 healthy people in fve subdistricts in eastern Indonesia were selected by systematic random samping. All data were collected using a standard questionnaire, physical examination, and laboratory tests. PCR and DNA sequencing protocols followed respective manufacture’s instructions. Statistical analysis by bivariate with α= 0.05 and 95% CI were performed using the SPSS software package. Based on the nested PCR, the result showed a malaria prevalence of 32.6% with being the dominant species (52.5%). Malaria cases were found in all study sites and not using a bed net was the moost signifcant risk factors with Exp B= 1.54 with 95% CI= 0.99–2.38. G6PDd prevalence was 16.6%, the highest G6PDd ever found in Indonesia with variant molecular dominant 10.883 T>C and one sample with a heterozygous female. Malaria pre-elimination in eastern Indonesia should be delayed. High risk patients should be tested for enzyme G6PD activities before antimalarial administration.

Keywords

G6PDd; Vanua Lava; Pre-elimination malaria; Eastern Indonesia

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijbiotech.24194