The synergistic effect of doxorubicin and ethanolic extracts of Caesalpinia sappan L. wood and Ficus septica Burm. f. leaves on viability, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis induction of MCF­7 cells

Sari Haryanti; Suwijiyo Pramono; Retno Murwanti; Edy Meiyanto

doi:10.22146/ijbiotech.26105

The synergistic effect of doxorubicin and ethanolic extracts of Caesalpinia sappan L. wood and Ficus septica Burm. f. leaves on viability, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis induction of MCF7 cells

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijbiotech.26105

Sari Haryanti⁽¹⁾, Suwijiyo Pramono⁽²⁾, Retno Murwanti⁽³⁾, Edy Meiyanto^(4*)

(1) Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Obat dan Obat Tradisional, Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, Tawangmangu
(2) Departement of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(3) Departement of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(4) Departement of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, and Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Caesalpinia sappan L. and Ficus septica Burm. f known asa potential plant with wide variety of medicinal properties, including anticancer. Present study was aimed to explore cytotoxic effect ofsappan wood (ECS) and awar-awar leaves (EFS), and its combination with doxorubicin (dox) on MCF-7 cells focusing on cell cycle progression and apoptosis induction.The result of MTT assay showed that single treatment of ECS and dox performed cytotoxic effect with the IC₅₀ value of 32 µg/mL and 6 µM respectively, while EFS performed low cytotoxic effect with the IC₅₀ value of 282 µg/mL. The combination of ECS with EFS and doxorubicin showed synergistic cytotoxic effect. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that combination of ECS (16 µg/mL) with EFS (8 µg/mL) and doxorubicin (2 µM) induced apoptosis, and cell accumulation at sub-G1 and G2/M phases.Immunoblotting assay confirmed the apoptosis induction of this combination through increasing of cleavage of PARP-1. Based on these results, the synergistic cytotoxic effect of this combinationwas through G2/M phase accumulation and apoptosis inductionand potentially to be developed as co-chemotherapeutic agent.

Keywords

apoptosis; cell cycle; doxorubicin; Ficus septica leaves; MCF-7, sappan wood

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijbiotech.26105