2026-05-10T12:00:39Z https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/oai

oai:journal.ugm.ac.id:article/9975 2016-03-14T01:58:17Z ijdr:ART

The Effect of Visible Light Cure (VLC) Exposure to Gingival Tissue’s Sprague dawley Rats Murdiastuti, Kwartarini Suryono, Suryono Moeljono, Aini Sari, Mefi Priba Gamawati, Rani Visible Light Cure; radiation; epithelial thickness; neutrophil; macrophage Visible Light Cure (VLC) is a blue light used in dentistry as an activator for restorative material and fixed orthodontic bonding. The wavelength of VLC is between 400-500 nm and considered non-ionizing radiation that can produce free radicals. According to previous research, the light at wavelength < 500 nm could inhibit cells mitosis, cause cells damage, and reduce cells growth and inflammation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of VLC exposure on gingival epithelial thickness, total neutrophil and macrophage count of gingival connective tissue of Sprague dawley rats. The subjects of this study consisted of 20 Sprague dawley rats, in 2-3 months of age and divided into 4 groups. Each group was 5 rats. The rats in each group were sacrificed before (0 day, as group A) and after 1st (group B), 3rd  (group C), 5th  (group D) day of VLC exposure, respectively. The exposure of VLC was done in labial aspect of cervical anterior teeth of mandible. The distance of exposure was as thick as 2 layers of celluloid strip and the histological specimens were stained by Hematoxylin Eosin. Each specimen was measured for its gingival epithelial thickness by using a micrometer and the number of neutrophil and macrophage were counted. The data of gingival epithelial thickness from 4 groups were analyzed by Kruskal Wallis. The number of neutrophil and macrophage were analyzed by u sing one way ANOVA. The results of this study showed that there were significant differences among groups on the thickness of gingival epithelial, the number of neutrophil and macrophage in the gingival connective tissue of Sprague dawley rats. The result of this study indicated that VLC exposure might decrease the thickness of gingival epithelial but increase the number of neutrophil and macrophage of gingival connective tissue of Sprague dawley rats. Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada 2014-09-18 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/9975 10.22146/theindjdentres.9975 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research; Vol 1, No 2 (2011); 78-83 2442-3300 2087-8710 eng https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/9975/7496 Copyright (c) 2016 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research

oai:journal.ugm.ac.id:article/9983 2016-03-14T01:58:17Z ijdr:ART

Gender Dependence In Mouth Opening Dimensions In Normal Adult Malaysians Population Shaari, Ramizu Hwa, Teoh Eng Rahman, Shaifulizan Abdul Mouth opening; dentistry; While measurement of mouth opening is an important clinica examination in diagnosis and management of oral disease, data on non-Western populations are limited. This study was therefore conducted to determine the range of mouth opening in normal Malaysian male and female adults. A total of 34 dental students of Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) were chosen randomly and their maximum mouth opening was measured after being asked to open their mouth sufficiently to accommodate three fingers. Measurement was performed from the edge of the upper incisor to the lower incisor using a caliper divider. The difference of median values between male (47.6 mm) and female (40.8 mm) were significant respectively (p<0.05). Thus the width of mouth opening in Malaysian student population is gender dependent although further study with a larger sample size and with other ethnic groups should be carried out, focusing on age. Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada 2014-07-16 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/9983 10.22146/theindjdentres.9983 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research; Vol 1, No 2 (2011); 84-86 2442-3300 2087-8710 eng https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/9983/7499 Copyright (c) 2016 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research

oai:journal.ugm.ac.id:article/9984 2016-03-23T02:00:25Z ijdr:ART

Isolation and Characterization of Mouse Specificity Protein 6 Promoter Wahyudi, Ivan Arie Horiguchi, Taigo Miyoshi, Keiko Muto, Taro Utami, Trianna Wahyu Hagita, Hiroko Noma, Takafumi Gene expression; luciferase assay; promoter activity; Sp6 Specificity protein 6 (SP6) is a member of the SP/Krüppel-like transcription factor family and plays key roles in tooth development. To study its biological roles, it is important to understand the spatiotemporal regulation of Sp6 gene expression. For this purpose, we first identified two separate 5' ends of the Sp6 cDNA by 5' RACE analysis using mouse mandibular RNA. Next, we isolated mouse genomic DNA fragments covering the Sp6 gene including two putative mouse Sp6 promoter regions and generated a series of luciferase reporter constructs. We confirmed the activity of both promoters by a luciferase assay and found strong second promoter activity in dental epithelial cells. Unexpectedly, we also detected potential third promoter activity in the intron 2 of the Sp6 gene. Last, we also found that bone morphogenetic protein and wingless signals could enhance Sp6 promoter activity in dental epithelial cells, suggesting the regulatory roles of two cytokines in Sp6 gene expression during tooth development. Our findings may shed new light on the regulatory mechanisms of Sp6 gene expression and provide a possible linkage between cytokine regulation of Sp6 expression and inductive epithelial and mesenchymal interactions. Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada 2016-03-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/9984 10.22146/theindjdentres.9984 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research; Vol 1, No 1 (2010); 21-34 2442-3300 2087-8710 eng https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/9984/7500 Copyright (c) 2016 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research

oai:journal.ugm.ac.id:article/9985 2016-03-23T02:00:25Z ijdr:ART

Effects of Lidocaine Concentration on Streptococcus Mutans Bacteria Haryono, Muhammad Wildan Hari Subagya Rahajoe, Poerwati Soetji Lidocaine, Streptococcus mutans, anti-bacterial Lidocaine is one of the local anesthetics agents that are frequently used in dentistry. Streptococcus mutan is a gram-positive, facultatively an aerobic bacterium commonly found in human oral cavity. The study aims to find out the effects of Lidocaine concentration against Streptococcus mutans bacteria. The study used experimental design with liquid and solid dilution method to find out bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal effects of Lidocaine concentration. The test bacteria used in the study are the ones, which have been compared with Mcfarland standard solution with 10μCFU/ML concentration. The Lidocaine concentrations were 2%, 1%,0.5%, 0.25%, 0.125%, 0.0625%, 0.03125%, 0.015625%, and 0.007812%. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney methods were used for the statistical test. The result of the study suggests that Lidocaine concentration has effects against Streptococcus mutans bacteria in the concentrations of 2%, 1% and 0.5%, to inhibit bacterial growth (p<0.05), but there was no bacteriocidal potential of Lidocaine concentration against Streptococcus mutans bacteria (p>0.05). Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada 2010-01-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/9985 10.22146/theindjdentres.9985 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research; Vol 1, No 1 (2010); 35-38 2442-3300 2087-8710 eng https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/9985/7501 Copyright (c) 2016 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research

oai:journal.ugm.ac.id:article/9986 2016-03-23T02:00:25Z ijdr:ART

Expression of MRP8/MRP14 mRNA in Monocytes of Periodontitis: Comparison between Diabetic and Non Diabetic Patients Syaify, Ahmad Barunawati, Sri Budi Suryono, Suryono HNES, Marsetyawan MRP8/MRP14, monocytes, periodontitis, type 2 DM The severity of periodontitis on patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients was strongly thought caused by decreasing of leukocytes function such as monoctyes and neutrophils. In our previous research it was found that calprotectin (MRP8/MRP14) level in leukocytes of periodontitis patients with type 2 DM was higher than periodontitis in non DM. The aim of this study was to determine calprotectin (MRP8/MRP14)mRNA expression in human monocytes of periodontitis patients with type 2 DM and without DM. Monocytes were isolated from the peripheral blood of periodontitis patients with uncontrolled type 2 DM, controlled type 2 DM, and non DM. The expression of total RNA calprotectin (MRP8 and MRP14) were detected by RTPCR using GAPDH as the innate control. It was observed that the value of MRP8/MRP14 mRNA expression DM patients were higher than non DM, and the highly significant increase expression (p<0.05) was on the uncontrolled type 2 DM. The basal level of MRP8/MRP14 expression increased in monocyte of periodontitis and type 2 DM patients compared with non diabetes subjects. It was suggested that high basal level MRP8/MRP14 has role in the regulation of severity periodontitis with diabetes mellitus. Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada 2010-01-14 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/9986 10.22146/theindjdentres.9986 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research; Vol 1, No 1 (2010); 39-44 2442-3300 2087-8710 eng https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/9986/7502 Copyright (c) 2016 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research

oai:journal.ugm.ac.id:article/9987 2016-03-23T02:00:25Z ijdr:ART

The Effect of Anchovy Stolephorus baganensis on Salivary Mutans Streptococci Agunawan, Harun Mangundjaja, Soeherwin Anchovy of Stolephorus baganensis, Salivary Mutans Streptococci A clinical trial was carried out to investigate the effect of Anchovy of Stolephorus baganensis on mutans streptococci inhibiting the growth of the salivary mutans streptococci for a period of one week consumption.Before enrolled in the study, respondents filled out and signed the informed consent. Twenty respondents participated as the subjects on the clinical trial, conducting two times of treatment as follows: twenty astreatment groups before and after consuming anchovy of Stolephorus baganensis and the twenty subjects as control groups before and after consuming non-anchovy of Stolephorus baganensis. Saliva samples werecollected before and after consuming anchovy of Stolephorus baganensis and with a non-anchovy of Stolephorus baganensis. A serial dilution was made, followed by inoculating on TYS20B medium). Data which were obtained from colony forming units of salivary mutans streptococci grew on the TYS20B medium before and after consuming anchovy of Stolephorus baganensis were analyzed in a descriptive and “t” test.Results showed that there was no significance in the average amount of Streptococcus mutans colonies between before and after consuming non-anchovy of Stolephorus baganensis. However, a significant difference wasfound respectively as results before and after consuming anchovy of Stolephorus baganensis. We concluded that Anchovy of Stolephorus baganensis has antimicrobial activity against local strains of Streptococcus mutans isolated from human harboring species. Therefore in a long term of consuming Anchovy fish of Stolephorus baganensis, caries can be prevented. Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada 2010-01-17 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/9987 10.22146/theindjdentres.9987 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research; Vol 1, No 1 (2010); 45-48 2442-3300 2087-8710 eng https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/9987/7503 Copyright (c) 2016 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research

oai:journal.ugm.ac.id:article/9988 2016-03-23T02:00:25Z ijdr:ART

Systemic IL-1β and TNF-α Productions of E. coli Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Periodontitis Model on Rats Jonarta, Alma Linggar Asmara, Widya Astuti, Indwiani Tandelilin, Regina TC IL-1β, TNF-α , E. coli LPS, rat’s periodontitis model Periodontal disease, a common inflammatory oral disease involved periodontal tissues, has been linked with the evidence of some systemic disorders. Recently, periodontal disease has been suspected as a trigger of systemic disorders. Penetration of bacterial products, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) may reach into deeper periodontal tissues. Therefore there may affect systemic blood and cytokines production. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and Tumour Nuclear Factor-α (TNF-α) are known as pro-inflammatory cytokines. The production of systemic IL-1β and TNF-α of E. coli lipopolysaccharide-induced periodontitis model on rats was investigated in this research. Fifteen male Wistar rats, aged 6-8 weeks used for this study were divided into 3 groups. For group 1 and 2, silk ligature 3/0 were inserted in interdental area between upper right molar 1 and 2. First and second group received solution containing 10μg/ml and 1mg/ml E. coli lipopolysaccharide, respectively, mixedwith 2% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) diluted in 100μl of phosphate buffer saline (PBS). The solution was topically applied on gingival tissues around the gingival sulcus, a single topical application of solution onceper 2 days for 14 days. Untreated subjects were used as negative control. On day 15, the blood was collected from vena orbitalis, and rats were sacrificed. The blood serum of each group was divided into 2 groups andcultured for 4 hours with or without 20μl of 100ng/ml of E. coli LPS. ELISA techniques were used to measure the cytokine productions of the supernatant. The data was analysed using Repeated Measure ANOVA. This study showed that there was a significant increase of IL-1β production on low dose of LPS compared to control and high dose of LPS groups (p<0.05). Whereas TNF-α not significantly showed increasing trend. The increasing trend of pro-inflammatory cytokine productions, such as IL-1β and TNF-α, on LPS-induced periodontitis model in this experiment supports the previous studies about the contribution of periodontal disease in the pathogenesis of systemic diseases. Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada 2010-01-16 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/9988 10.22146/theindjdentres.9988 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research; Vol 1, No 1 (2010); 49-54 2442-3300 2087-8710 eng https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/9988/7504 Copyright (c) 2016 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research

oai:journal.ugm.ac.id:article/9989 2016-03-23T02:00:25Z ijdr:ART

An in vitro genotoxicity study of silver amalgam on Ames test Hassan, Akram Omar, S.A Ariffin, Zaihan Silver amalgam, genotoxicity, Ames test Silver amalgam/Silverfil Argentum® is a ‘Malaysian made amalgam’ has already been approved to be free from cytotoxicity, however its genotoxic effect has not been explored yet as biocompatible material. The objective of this study was to identify the genotoxic characteristic of silver amalgam by using Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay (Ames test). This was a descriptive experimental study involving one strain of mutated Salmonella. The test material was evaluated in one mutated strain of Salmonella typhimurium TA1538 with and without an external metabolic activation system (S9 Mix). The bacteria were incubated for 48 hours at 37±0.5ºC before the colony growth or revertant colonies were counted. Data obtained were analyzed by using non-statistical method. The investigation of the genotoxic reaction on the test material revealed thatthe number of revertant colonies in both strains with and without S9 Mix were less than twice of the negative control even in the presence of high silver amalgam concentrations (5.0μg/ml). This study demonstratedthat the test material did not exhibit any mutagenic activity under the chosen conditions. Thus, silver amalgam could be considered to have no genotoxicity effect. Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada 2010-01-19 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/9989 10.22146/theindjdentres.9989 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research; Vol 1, No 1 (2010); 55-60 2442-3300 2087-8710 eng https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/9989/7505 Copyright (c) 2016 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research

oai:journal.ugm.ac.id:article/9990 2016-03-14T01:58:17Z ijdr:ART

Effect of Allicin for Re-epithelialization During Healing in Oral Ulcer Model Novianty, Renny Ayu Chrismawaty, Bernadetta Esty Subagyo, Goeno Allicin; oral ulcer model; re-epithelialization; ulcer healing process; oral ulcer model; Allicin (diallyl thiosulfinate) is the main component of fresh garlic with multi-bioactivities as therapeutic agent. Recently, allicin is being proposed as alternative therapy for aphthous ulcer. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of topical allicin in aqueous garlic extract on re-epithelialization during healing of acetic acid induced oral ulcer model. Thirty males SD rats aged 2 months were equally divided into two groups as experimental and control groups. After sedated with 0.2 ml intramuscular Ketamine injection, ulcer model was made by applying 99.5% glacial acetic acid-moistened paper disc on rat buccal mucosa. This would gene- rate an immediate necrotic tissue, which produced a single crateriform ulcer in each of the experimental rats for the next two days.  In the experimental group, one drop of allicin was applied twice daily onto the lesion. Three rats in each group were sacrificed on days 2, 3, 6, 9 and 12 after induction and were recorded as H0, H1, H4,H7 dan H10 groups, respectively. The tissue samples from buccal mucosa were processed for HematoxylinEosin (HE) staining, and then evaluated histologically. Re-epithelialization was assessed by measuring the thickness of the epithelium using an ocular micrometer under a light microscope. Data were analyzed statistically by Independent t-test with significant p-values of <0.05 (95%). Based on histological findings and trend graphs, it can be concluded that the topical application of allicin can accelerate re-epithelialization of ulcer healing process. This study suggests that allicin in aqueous garlic extract could be developed as therapeuticagent for aphthous ulcer Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada 2015-02-04 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/9990 10.22146/theindjdentres.9990 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research; Vol 1, No 2 (2011); 87-93 2442-3300 2087-8710 eng https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/9990/7506 Copyright (c) 2016 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research

oai:journal.ugm.ac.id:article/9991 2016-03-23T02:00:25Z ijdr:ART

The Prevalence of Fibroma in Oral Mucosa Among Patient Attending USM Dental Clinic Year 2006-2010 Halim, Daddy Suradi Pohchi, Abdullah Yi, Pang EE Fibroma, gender dependence The purpose of this preliminary retrospective study was to determine the prevalence of fibroma in oral mucosa among patients attending USM dental clinic from 1/6/2006-1/6/2010. Fibroma of the oral mucosa is the most common benign tumor of the oral cavity. It is a reactive hyperplasia of fibrous connective tissue in response to local irritation or trauma. A lesion on any part of the oral mucosa have a broad differential diagnosisranging from traumatic lesions (mucocele), neurogenic lesions (neurofibromatosis), lipoma , epithelial tumors (squamous papilloma) and inflammatory/reactive hyperplasia of soft tissue (pulp polyp). A total number of 192 patients (82 male and 110 female) who are registered in the Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology Log Book were included in this study regardless of their age, 16 % of them were diagnosed to have fibroma and out of that, 29% of them were male and 79% female. The peak incidence of the lesion was in the 3rd decade of life. The lesions occurred in the tongue, lip mucosa, sulcus region and buccal mucosa were each to be 12.9%, 12.9% , 32.2 % and 41.9%. This study shows that fibroma is one of the common oral mucosal lesion and it occurred mostly in the 3rd decade of life where the prevalence is higher in female patients. Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada 2010-01-18 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/9991 10.22146/theindjdentres.9991 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research; Vol 1, No 1 (2010); 61-66 2442-3300 2087-8710 eng https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/9991/7507 Copyright (c) 2016 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research

oai:journal.ugm.ac.id:article/9992 2016-03-14T01:58:17Z ijdr:ART

Oral Health Status Among Schoolchildren: Does Partnership With School of Dentistry Make A Difference? Widiati, Sri Partnership with school of dentistry; oral health status; KAP survey; The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the partnership between 26 primary schools with the Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, during the past 12 years improved oral health status of the schoolchildren. A sample survey was carried out, involving 106 fifth and sixth graders from 9 schools which have been participating in the partnership and 90 schoolchildren from non-participating schools. They were examined by trained dental students. Oral health status was represented by OHI-S and DMF-t measurement. Knowledge and attitude of oral health were measured using structured questionnaires. The study indicated that the means of OHI-S and DMF-t among schoolchildren participating in the partnership were 0.11 and 0.01 lower respectively compared to those of their counterparts, although the differences were not significant statistically. The knowledge and attitude among schoolchildren in the partnership were 2.49, 4.18, and 3.86 higher, all were highly significant (p < 0.001). Path analyses showed that the partnership reduced OHI-S and DMF-t with an overall path coefficients – 0.086 and -0.076 respectively. Although knowledge was associated with DMF-t and attitude with OHI-S, there were other unmeasured variables which were more strongly associated with oral health status of the schoolchildren. Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada 2015-01-17 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/9992 10.22146/theindjdentres.9992 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research; Vol 1, No 2 (2011); 94-97 2442-3300 2087-8710 eng https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/9992/7508 Copyright (c) 2016 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research

oai:journal.ugm.ac.id:article/9993 2016-03-14T01:58:17Z ijdr:ART

CDHA Ceramic Microspheres for Periodontitis Treatment: Synthesis, Characterization and Doxycycline Release Profiles Victor, Sunita Prem Kumar, TS Sampath Resorbable ceramics; periodontitis; CDHA; doxycycline; microspheres; drug delivery The present study is focused on the development of doxycycline loaded calcium–deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) microspheres for the treatment of periodontitis. The CDHA microspheres were formed by liquid immiscibility effect using gelatin and paraffin oil with varying Ca/P ratios using calcium hydroxide and diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate as precursors. The morphology of the microspheres as characterized by SEM was optimized by varying the gelatin content. The doxycycline incorporation and its release profiles were studied by UV-Visible spectroscopy in phosphate buffer at physiological conditions. The pH of the buffer solution was initially optimized to have maximum amount of drug loading. Doxycycline loading around the physiological pH of 7 has the highest amount of drug incorporation. All the microspheres exhibit similar release profiles with an initial gradual increase reaching a maximum value and then nearly constant release. The microspheres formed using 6% gelatin shows maximum amount of drug release of 80%. Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada 2015-01-11 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/9993 10.22146/theindjdentres.9993 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research; Vol 1, No 2 (2011); 98-104 2442-3300 2087-8710 eng https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/9993/7509 Copyright (c) 2016 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research

oai:journal.ugm.ac.id:article/9996 2016-03-14T01:58:17Z ijdr:ART

The Effect of Calcium Hydroxide on Fibroblast Cells Viability Paramitta, Vincentia Adya Heni, Tetiana Haniastuti Susilowati, Susilowati Calcium hydroxide; cell viability Calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] is widely used as medicament in dental pulp and root canal therapy. Previous studies demonstrate the ability of calcium hydroxide to induce necrosis in dental pulp tissue. However, the mechanism of tissue destruction remains unknown.  The aim of this study was to investigate fibroblast cell viability in response to calcium hydroxide exposure. In this study, Vero fibroblast cell line was treated with various concentrations of calcium hydroxide for 24 hours.  Cell viability was measured by using MTT assay. Our results showed significant decrease in cell viability after exposed with calcium hydroxide at concentration 62.5 and 125 µg/ml. The result indicated that calcium hydroxide induced cell death in Vero cell line in a dosedependent manner. This study suggests that fibroblast cell death may involved in the mechanism of pulp tissue necrosis caused by calcium hydroxide Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada 2015-01-18 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/9996 10.22146/theindjdentres.9996 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research; Vol 1, No 2 (2011); 105-108 2442-3300 2087-8710 eng https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/9996/7511 Copyright (c) 2016 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research

oai:journal.ugm.ac.id:article/10002 2016-03-14T01:58:17Z ijdr:ART

Analysis of Patients Visiting Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital with Chief Complaints of Metal Allergy and/or Focal Infection in the Previous 8 Years Akiba, Yosuke Tomizuka, Ken Kaku, Masaru Kawasaki, Maiko Nagasawa, Masako Takano, Ryohei Uoshima, Katsumi Dental metal allergy; dental focal infection Dental metal allergy and dental focal infection are possible causes of dermatological diseases, but have been the subjects of few reports to date. We have been treating such patients in our special clinic for more than 20 years.The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mouths of patients visiting our dental hospital over an 8-year period, with the aim of clarifying whether dental metal allergy and/or dental focal infection affects their dermatologic conditions.We surveyed all clinical records of the 185 patients who visited Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital with chief complaints of dental metal allergy since 2002. Diagnostics of skin diseases, periodontal records, periapical lesions, dental caries, dental metal series patch test results and Electron Probed Micro-Analysis (EPMA) data were investigated. Ninety-two (49%) patients were suffering from pustulosis palmaris et plantaris and 20 (11%) patients had lichen planus. Eighty-two (49%) patients showed positive reactions on patch testing. Based on the result of patch tests, Ni showed the highest positivity rate (62%, 51 patients), but on EPMA, the number of patients with Ni as an allergen was 14 (27%). On the other hand, more than 98% of patients who showed positive reactions on patch test to Pd and Au had these metals in their dental prostheses. In addition, 112 (60%) patients showed the possibility of dental focal infections Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada 2015-01-18 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/10002 10.22146/theindjdentres.10002 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research; Vol 1, No 2 (2011); 109-115 2442-3300 2087-8710 eng https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/10002/7515 Copyright (c) 2016 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research

oai:journal.ugm.ac.id:article/10008 2016-03-14T01:58:17Z ijdr:ART

Remodeling Capacity of Femoral Bone Defect by POP-CHA Bone Substitute: A Study in Rats’ Osteoclast (First Series of POP-based Bone Graft Improvement) Kumar, Steven Dewi, Anne Handrini Listyarifah, Dyah Ana, Ika Dewi Plaster of Paris; carbonate apatite; osteoclast Reconstruction of large bone defects caused by trauma, excision of tumors, and congenital malformations can be very difficult to perform. Bone engineering offers an option to improve bone reconstruction procedures. This interdisciplinary field applies the principles of biology and engineering to the development of functional substitutes for damaged bone. Our research aimed to find the ideal scaffold for bone regeneration, focusing on Calcium and Phosphate combination. In this study, Plaster of Paris (POP) was combined with CHA and implanted in femoral condyles of rats. According to the experimental result, it can be concluded that there was no significant difference in response to the implantation of POP and POP-CHA in Sprague Dawley rat femur condyle (p<0.05). It can be stated that both POP-CHA and POP shows similar trait in bone healing. Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada 2015-12-18 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/10008 10.22146/theindjdentres.10008 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research; Vol 1, No 2 (2011); 116-124 2442-3300 2087-8710 eng https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/10008/7516 Copyright (c) 2016 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research

oai:journal.ugm.ac.id:article/10009 2016-03-10T02:50:40Z ijdr:ART

Dynamic Changes of Sp6 Transgene Expression in Dental Epithelial Cells during Long-term Culture Utami, Trianna W. Miyoshi, Keiko Hagita, Hiroko Yanuaryska, Ryna D. Horiguchi, Taigo Noma, Takafumi DNA methylation; epigenetic regulation; gain-of-function; histone modification; Sp6 To investigate the function of specificity protein 6 (SP6) transcription factor by gain-of-function procedure, we established cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter-driven Sp6 stable transformants, C9 cells, using dental epithelialderived cells. Initially, C9 cells produced a significant amount of SP6 protein. However, SP6 expression was reduced in these cells upon long-term culture. We could detect Sp6 transcripts in C9 cells by RT-PCR throughout the passages, although the CMV promoter is known to be epigenetically silenced. We recently found that SP6 was a short-lived protein that was degraded by a ubiquitin-independent proteasome pathway, although it is yet unclear how Sp6 expression was regulated during culture. Thus, we studied the possibility of epigenetic regulation of Sp6 expression. Comparative analysis of endogenous and exogenous Sp6 mRNA expressions demonstrated the specific down-regulation of exogenous Sp6 mRNA levels during culture passages. A DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5AC), and a histone deacetylase inhibitor, valproic acid (VPA), enhanced or induced SP6 protein expression up to passage 28 without enhancing the mRNA level. The dramatic up-regulation of exogenous Sp6 mRNA was uniquely observed only at passage 50 by 5AC or VPA treatment. These findings indicate that multiple epigenetic regulatory mechanisms operate to fine-tune Sp6 expression during long-term culture. Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada 2015-01-17 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/10009 10.22146/theindjdentres.10009 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research; Vol 1, No 3 (2011); 134-142 2442-3300 2087-8710 eng https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/10009/7517 Copyright (c) 2016 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research

oai:journal.ugm.ac.id:article/10063 2016-03-10T02:50:40Z ijdr:ART

Influence of Exposing Root Canal Dentin to Calcium Hydroxide on Its Flexural Strength Ratih, Diatri Nari Calcium hydroxide; root canal dentin; flexural strength; endodontic treatment Calcium hydroxide has been used extensively in endodontic treatments, for instance as an intra-canal dressing; however, the exposure of root canal dentin to calcium hydroxide may affect its flexural strength and could have important clinical implications for endodontic treatment. The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the influence of calcium hydroxide on the flexural strength of root canal dentin.Seventy-two extracted single-rooted human mandibular premolars were used in this study. Each tooth was instrumented using crown-down technique and was irrigated using sterile saline. The teeth were assigned into three groups of 24 each. The prepared root canal system of each tooth was filled with calcium hydroxide mixed with sterile saline (group 1), a calcium hydroxide commercially available product (UltraCal®) (group 2) or saline solution (group 3, as control). The apices and access opening were sealed using composite resin, and the teeth were immersed in artificial saliva. After 7, 14 and 30 days of immersion, the inner root canal dentin of 8 teeth respectively from each group were sectioned to create dentin bars (1 X 1 mm, with 7 mm in length). Each dentin bar then was subjected to a three-point bending flexural test using MTS (Universal Testing Machine). Data gathered were then analyzed using two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s test with the level of significance of 95%. The results showed that exposure to calcium hydroxide either using calcium hydroxide mixed with sterile saline or UltraCal® for 14 and 30 days can reduce flexural strength of root canal dentin compared to control group (p<0.05). In contrast, after 7 days exposure, there was no significantly different of flexural strength between three groups (p>0.05).   It can be concluded that calcium hydroxide reduced the flexural strength of root canal dentin. The longer the exposure to calcium hydroxide would produce a greater effect on flexural strength of root canal dentin.    Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada 2015-01-17 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/10063 10.22146/theindjdentres.10063 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research; Vol 1, No 3 (2011); 143-147 2442-3300 2087-8710 eng https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/10063/7569 Copyright (c) 2016 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research

oai:journal.ugm.ac.id:article/10064 2016-03-10T02:50:40Z ijdr:ART

Chemical Effectiveness of Salvadora persica and Commercially Available Whitening Toothpaste on Preventing Tea and Chlorhexidine Stain (in vitro study) Mahanani, Erlina Sih Arief, Erry Mochamad Ismail, Puteri Ezdiani Binti Mohamed Salvadora persica; preventing stain; whitening Salvadora persica, a plant that contains a wide range of healthy components, has been used as chewing stick for ages to maintain good oral hygiene and currently has been approved to remove stains. However, its stain-preventing effect is still under investigation. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Salvadora persica and commercially available whitening toothpastes on preventing tea and chlorhexidine stains. Sixty clear acrylic blocks were used and divided into 3 groups, 20 for each group. First group was treated with drinking water, second with commercially available whitening toothpaste and third with whitening toothpaste containing Salvadora persica extract. Baseline measurement by spectrophotometer was taken before starting the procedure. All specimens were immersed in artificial saliva for 2 minutes, rinsed in distilled water and exposed in 0.2% chlorhexidine and tea solution. These cycles were performed 8 times a day for 5 days. Intervention with whitening toothpaste was done for 2 minutes; twice a day. Eventually, all blocks were removed, washed and dried. Stain was assessed by spectrophotometer and visual assessment using Lobene stain index (1968). This study results showed significant differences among groups (Kruskal-Wallis test, p<0.001) and Salvadora persica extract was found to be more effective than commercially availablewhitening toothpaste on preventing stain formation Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada 2015-01-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/10064 10.22146/theindjdentres.10064 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research; Vol 1, No 3 (2011); 148-153 2442-3300 2087-8710 eng https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/10064/7570 Copyright (c) 2016 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research

oai:journal.ugm.ac.id:article/10065 2016-03-10T02:50:40Z ijdr:ART

The Newly Bone Formation with Carbonate Apatite-Chitosan Bone Substitute in the Rat Tibia Dewi, Anne Handrini Triawan, Andi Carbonate apatite; chitosan; bone substitute Large bone defect still represent a major problem in orthopedics. A tissue engineering approach has been proposed where osteogenic cells, bioceramic scaffolds and growth factors can play in a role to the bone repair. Bone consist a mineral phase such as carbonate apatite and an organic phase such as collagen. Synthetic carbonate apatite ceramics are considered as promising alloplastic materials for bone substitute. Chitin is the organic matrix of the hard parts of exoskeleton of insect, crustacean and present in a small amounts in mushrooms. It is an insoluble, similar to cellulose and composed of N-acetylglucosamine unit. Partial deacetylation from chitin result in the formation of chitosan. Chitin’s properties as a flexible and strong material make it favourable as surgical thread. It has novel properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, anti bacterial, wound healing activity, tissue regeneration and hemostatic activitities. The composit from carbonate apatite and chitosan may have a great impact on human health care system as bioresorbable bone substitute. The aim of the study was to evaluate the newly bone formation on the bone healing of defect tibia treated with carbonate apatite-chitosan bone substitute. Eighteen Sprague Dawley rats, male, 3 months, weighing 250-300g used in this study. Bilateral defect were created in each tibia rat. The defects were filled with carbonate-apatite chitosan bone substitute. The rats were sacrificed after respectively 1, 2 and 3 weeks. The result of this study showed that carbonate apatite-chitosan significantly increased a number of osteoblast (p<0.05). Carbonate apatite-chitosan group showed that matrix deposition faster than the other groups and have a good interface with the old bone. These data indicate that carbonate apatite-chitosan are potential candidate for bone substitute Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada 2015-02-18 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/10065 10.22146/theindjdentres.10065 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research; Vol 1, No 3 (2011); 154-160 2442-3300 2087-8710 eng https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/10065/7571 Copyright (c) 2016 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research

oai:journal.ugm.ac.id:article/10174 2016-03-23T02:00:25Z ijdr:ART

Augmentation of Demineralized Bone Matrix Post-Tooth Extraction Increases The Density of Gingival Collagen Fiber of Rabbit Mandible Tandelilin, Regina TC Demineralized bone matrix, collagen fiber, transplantation, augmentation Most cases report that the abnormality of bone defect is engendered by tooth extraction. The powder of demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is required to fill alveolus bone for reconstructing material or preventingtissues defect after tooth extraction. The aim of this study was to determine the density of gingival collagen fiber on wound healing after the augmentation of DBM following the extraction of incisivus tooth. In this study, 36 male rabbits aged 2.5-3 months weighing 900-1,100 grams were randomly divided into two groups: control and treated rabbits. The incisivus teeth of mandibles of treated rabbits were extracted and augmented with the allograft DBM powder. The gingival was sutured with non-absorbable sutures. The same procedures were employed to the control group, except that these rabbits were augmented with DBM powder. Subsequently, the rabbits were sacrificed on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14 after surgery, and each observation was represented by three rabbits in the sample. The gingival (ca. 0.5-1cm) was cut and fixed immediately in 10% paraformaldehide. The staining was done using van Geison. In the treated rabbits, the density of gingival collagen fiber significantly increases in all observation days except on first day, indicating that the allograft powder of DBM successfully accelerates the wound healing process. Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada 2010-01-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/10174 10.22146/theindjdentres.10174 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research; Vol 1, No 1 (2010); 9-16 2442-3300 2087-8710 eng https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/10174/7693 Copyright (c) 2016 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research

oai:journal.ugm.ac.id:article/10175 2016-03-23T02:00:25Z ijdr:ART

The Preliminary Study on Klungsu (Tamarind Seed) as An Alternative Material for Dental Calculus Remover Hendari, Ratnawati Sukendro, Sulur Joyo Sadimin, Sadimin Klungsu, Tamarind seed, dental calculus, enamel This study was aimed at knowing the availability of Klungsu (Tamarind seed) as remover and cleaner for dental calculus. The study followed Completely Randomized Design with three treatments and tested with Ftest and Duncan Multiple Range Test. The availability was studied by soaking the calculus and enamel at two concentrations (0 and 25%) of Klungsu and one group without soaking (dry group). The results showed that soaking in Klungsu solution significantly decreased (p<0.05) the strength of dental calculus, but no significantly differences (p>0.05) were found for enamel. The conclusion could be drawn from this study was klungsu could be used as an alternative cleaning material for removing dental calculus and safe for dental enamel. Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada 2010-01-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/10175 10.22146/theindjdentres.10175 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research; Vol 1, No 1 (2010); 17-20 2442-3300 2087-8710 eng https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/10175/7694 Copyright (c) 2016 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research

oai:journal.ugm.ac.id:article/10202 2016-03-23T02:00:25Z ijdr:ART

Letter from the Editor Ana, Ika Dewi The field of life sciences moves forward at a rapid pace. Many of us do not fully realize that this acceleration is relatively new phenomenon in the history of mankind. It was in 1990 before the era of wireless phones and laptop computers when J. Craig Venter flew over the ocean and thought inside the airplane about the future of genome projects (as it was written by Ted Anton on his book entitled “Bold Science, Seven Scientists Who Are Changing Our World”).However, just over a short period of time, genome projects, which in 1997 required several years to complete, nowadays take only days. J. Craig Venter stated, as reported by Albert Sasson about the achievements, prospects, and perceptions of medical biotechnology, “For the past 15 years at ever faster rates we have digitizing biology. By that I mean going from the analog world of biology through DNA sequencing into the digital world of the computer. The human genome is perhaps the best example of digitizing biology. Our computer databases are growing faster per day than during the first 10 years of DNA sequencing. Thedatabases have been filling even faster with the results of J. Craig Venter’s global ocean sequencing project. As a result, we have now over 10 million genes in the public databases.” Indeed life sciences progress rapidly.In other areas, nanotechnology, for example, offers new solutions for biomedical sciences and provides a broad technological platform for application in industry. Such applications include bio-processing, molecular medicine, biotechnology, bio-fluidics for handling DNA, and other molecules, etc.Moreover, in another area, regenerative medical therapy reaches the interaction between scaffold, signaling molecules, and cells to enable neo-tissue formation and enhance healing potentials.All the above progresses in life sciences and biomedical sciences improve possibilities for patients to be helped. Meanwhile, ethical problems also arise by the fast science progresses.What about in oral and dental sciences? In some countries, the prevalence of oral and dental diseases is still considered very high. In some other countries the prevalence of dental caries is reducing by the application of fluoridation in societies. Although science has made human beings wealthy and prolonged life span, but to some extent scientists realize the limitation of sciences to cope health problems. In term of oral and dental sciences, opinions arise from research results and the confrontation of them also happens.In view of the overall mapping, The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research is published by The Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, in collaboration with AFDOKGI, The Indonesian Association of The Faculty of Dentistry. The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research is an international journal dedicated to the latest advancement of dental research in Indonesia and Asia Pacific regions. The goal of this journal is to provide a platform for dentists and academicians all over the world to promote, share, and discuss various new issues and developments in different areas of dental and oral sciences.The acceptance of manuscripts will not rely on opinions of editors, but on evidence-based logical facts. The editors will help authors to improve their manuscripts by scientific bases. Any kind of articles are welcomed within the aim and scope of this journal.We are waiting for your contributions.Ika Dewi AnaEditor in Chief Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada 2010-01-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/10202 10.22146/theindjdentres.10202 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research; Vol 1, No 1 (2010); 5-6 2442-3300 2087-8710 eng https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/10202/7714 Copyright (c) 2016 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research

oai:journal.ugm.ac.id:article/10203 2016-03-23T02:00:25Z ijdr:ART

Address from Dean of The Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Gadjah Mada Sudarso, Iwa Sutardjo Rus As mentioned in its Strategic Plans (2008-2012), Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) has its vision to be a World Class Research University which is excellent, independent, dignified, inspired by Pancasila, the five-point ideology, and dedicated to the needs and welfare of the nation and the world. The vision is done by UGM mission: To promote excellent teaching-learning opportunities and community service through research, with its special mission on research; To promote excellence in educational activities, research, and community service with the interest of the Indonesian society and to participate in Indonesian socioculturalbuilding.As a university unit, Faculty of Dentistry should play significant roles towards the vision. For this, research indeed is one of important factors towards the vision. To get better of research’s result application and social service, it is hoped that researcher possesses entrepreneurial ability while still maintaning his/her research quality. It can be said that, generally, research development in the Faculty of Dentistry is growing satisfactorily. But, still, it is not yet followed by strong publication. One of bestknown research publications is academic journal, nationally or internationally. This kind of publication is an effective form of communication among researchers and also a very considerable part in scientific and technological development.Considering the above driving forces and the uniqueness of the country in relation to researches in dental sciences, Faculty of Dentistry proudly publish “The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research” which is in turn to be a window for the international forum to learn on the progresses and achievements in dental research in Indonesia. In the future, it is also hoped that “The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research” be an information portal in terms of dental science and technology in Indonesia, and in the Asian region in general.Hopefully, this journal will be able to provide scientific media for sharing progresses and achievements in research on oral and dental sciences in Indonesia to the international forum. Moreover, this journal is expected to be an embrio for scientific portal in dental and oral sciences in Indonesia and Asia region.Iwa Sutardjo RSProfessor in Pediatrics DentistryDean of The Faculty of DentistryUniversitas Gadjah Mada Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada 2010-01-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/10203 10.22146/theindjdentres.10203 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research; Vol 1, No 1 (2010); 7 2442-3300 2087-8710 eng https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/10203/7715 Copyright (c) 2016 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research

oai:journal.ugm.ac.id:article/10204 2016-03-23T02:00:25Z ijdr:ART

Address from Chairman of The Indonesian Association of The Faculty of Dentistry (AFDOKGI) Utama, M Dharma We agree that all faculty of dentistry in Indonesia needs to contribute to dental health development. By this, hopefully we can contribute to promote oral health, prolong tooth life, and improve quality of life in our country as well as in our Asia region. To reach this goal faster, we need to exchange information and enhance scientific collaboration. The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research (The Indonesian J Dent Res) will be an effective form of communication among dentists and researchers and also a very considerable part in scientific and technological development towards the goal.Meanwhile, Indonesia is a very unique country. Although the prevalence of oral and dental diseases is considered high, but Indonesia is rich with culture, natural resources, and local or indigenous perspective which can be an advantage in term of technological perspective in dentistry. The richness of the country is needed to be investigated and explored in order to improve oral and dental health. The communication and collaboration among dentists and researchers are needed to accelerate the process towards the improvement of oral and dental health.I do hope that this journal will be an effective communication channel for better oral and dental health in Indonesia. Congratulation for the publication of the first issue of the journal. We hope to learn more from the continuous scientific communication through The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research.M. Dharma UtamaProfessor in ProsthodonticsDean of The Faculty of Dentistry Hasanuddin UniversityChairman of The Indonesian Association ofThe Faculty of Dentistry (AFDOKGI) Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada 2010-01-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/10204 10.22146/theindjdentres.10204 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research; Vol 1, No 1 (2010); 8 2442-3300 2087-8710 eng https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/10204/7716 Copyright (c) 2016 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research

oai:journal.ugm.ac.id:article/65708 2021-05-06T03:46:34Z ijdr:ART

The Effect of Diabetes Mellitus on the Thickness of Gingival Junctional Epithelium (Study in the Experiment of Caspase-3) Eljawadi, Abdelaziz Utoro, Totok Purwanti, Nunuk Streptozotocin; diabetes mellitus; junctional epithelium; expression of caspase-3 Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder manifested by abnormally high levels of blood glucose, resulting in hyperglycemia that affects the oral cavity, leading to periodontitis. The junctional epithelium (JE) is the epithelial component of the dento-gingival unit that is in contact with the toothsurface. Apoptosis and proliferation of JE are essential to maintenance JE thickness.  Apoptosis is programmed cell death that can be triggered by various signals and is characterized by well-defined morphologic changes and biochemical features. Caspase-3 is involved in the underlying mechanisms of apoptosis, and the activation of caspase-3 is considered to be the final step in many apoptosis pathways. Purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of DM on the expression of caspase-3 and the thickness of JE. Sixteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were used and divided equally into two groups: the diabetic group that injected intraperitoneal by streptozotocin (STZ) and negative control group. Measurements of blood glucose levels were analyzed before and at 2, 4 weeks after STZ injection. In addition, JE thickness and expression of caspase-3 were examined after 2 and 4 weeks. JE was stained by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining for thickness measurement and the immunohistochemistry by using the anti-caspase-3 antibody for caspase-3 expression measurement and examined under light microscope. The results of the present study showed that a decrease of JE thickness and increase of caspase-3 expression were obtained while increasing the diabetic duration. Two ways Anova and Least Significant Difference (LSD) tests indicated a significant difference of JE thickness and caspase-3 expression between all groups except in diabetic group after 2 and 4 weeks. Also, caspase-3 expression in diabetic group after 2 and 4 weeks (P > 0.05) were not significantly different. It can be concluded that diabetes mellitus (DM) affected on the thickness and caspase-3 expression of JE. Furthermore, the results suggest that high expression of caspase-3 was associated with the diabetes-induced apoptotic cell-death resulting in reduction of JE thickness. Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada 2021-05-06 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/65708 10.22146/theindjdentres.65708 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research; Vol 1, No 1 (2012); 1-9 2442-3300 2087-8710 eng https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/65708/31213 Copyright (c) 2021 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research

oai:journal.ugm.ac.id:article/65711 2021-05-06T03:46:35Z ijdr:ART

Influence of Bacterial Endotoxin on Mucosal Immune Response to Phosphorylcholine Mulyatno, Sapta Adisuka Kataoka, Kosuke Fukui, Makoto Campos, Tselmeg Baatarjav Rita Cristina Orihuela Ito, Hiro-O Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteriathat initiates inflammation by activation innate immune responses through Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4). However, the influence of LPS on the mucosal immune reactions remains to be addressed.This study was examined the effect of LPS in nasal vaccination model. BALB/c and C57BL/6 micewere nasally immunized with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) conjugated with hapten phosphorylcholine (PC) or trinitrophenol (TNP) with LPS as a mucosal adjuvant, in the presence orabsence of cholera toxin (CT). The antibody titers were measured in serum, saliva, and nasal washfluids by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in IgM, IgG, and IgA isotype-specificmanner. The epitope-specific antibody production induced in blood and mucosal fluid was furtherenhanced by LPS for all isotypes examined. Besides, LPS, which has rarely been regarded as a mucosal adjuvant, was tested for its adjuvanticity by comparing the nasal immunization with PC-KLH plus LPS or with PC-KLH plus CT. LPS showed high adjuvanticity almost equal to CT. Possible differences of LPS from CT as a mucosal adjuvant remains to be elucidated. Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada 2021-05-06 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/65711 10.22146/theindjdentres.65711 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research; Vol 1, No 1 (2012); 10-20 2442-3300 2087-8710 eng https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/65711/31214 Copyright (c) 2021 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research

oai:journal.ugm.ac.id:article/65713 2021-05-06T03:46:35Z ijdr:ART

The Effect of Toothbrushing Duration on Nickel Chromium Alloy Wear Barunawati, Sri Budi Sunarintyas, Siti Dharmastiti, Rini Nickel chromium alloy; abrasion; wear volume; weight loss; surface roughness Nickel-chromium alloy is a preferred material for fixed partial denture due to its low cost as well as good physical and mechanical properties. Tooth brushing using toothpaste produces abrasion on restoration, especially in a long period. This study aimed to observe the effect of toothbrushing duration on the wear of nickel-chromium alloy. Twenty four specimens of nickel-chromium alloy (Metal 4all, Ivoclar, USA) in 30X15X1mm3 dimension were treated using tooth brushing simulation machine (wear test machine, pin on plate unidirectional movement type) and toothpaste (modification of Balsam formula). The brushing durations were 30.9, 77.25, 123.6, and 154.5 hoursas the simulation of 2, 5, 8, and 10 years tooth brushing. Surface roughness and weight difference as abrasion indicator were measured and analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by LSD test. Tooth brushing duration of 2, 5, 8, and 10 years increased nickel-chromium alloy surface roughness (Ra) by 0.16, 0.39, 0.43, and 0.56µm with weight loss of 8%, 15%, 23%, and 32 %, respectively. These differences were statistically significant (p <0.05). The result of LSD test showed a significant effect (p <0.05) between groups of toothbrushing duration. The increase of surface roughness affects the increase of wear volume of nickel-chromium alloy indicated by R = 0.11 for brushing duration of 2, 5, 8, and 10 years. The conclusion of this study was 10 years tooth brushing promoted wear on nickelchromium alloy, whichwas indicated by the increase in surface roughness and weight loss. Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada 2021-05-06 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/65713 10.22146/theindjdentres.65713 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research; Vol 1, No 1 (2012); 21-28 2442-3300 2087-8710 eng https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/65713/31215 Copyright (c) 2021 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research

oai:journal.ugm.ac.id:article/65714 2021-05-06T03:46:36Z ijdr:ART

Lithium Disilicate Glass-Ceramic Surface Appearance after Acid Surface Treatment Alrefae, Sana Mohammed Sunarintyas, Siti Widowati, Widowati Hydrofluoric acid; Surface treatment; Concentration; Surface roughness; Lithium disilicate glass-ceramic Dental ceramics are widely used and studied in dentistry because they are durable, aesthetically appealing and provide excellent biocompatibility. All glass-ceramic surfaces must be etched using hydrofluoric acid (HF) to increase surface roughness determined by roughness average (Ra) before cementation to a tooth surface. This research aimed to analyze the effect of hydrofluoric acid surface treatment concentration on the surface roughness of lithium disilicate glass ceramic. A total of fifteen discs of lithium disilicate glass ceramic were prepared (10mm in diameter and 1mm in thickness). Specimens were divided into 3 groups (n=5). Group A (control) was no treatment, group B was etched by 5% HF for 2 min, and group C was etched by 9.5% HF for 2 min. The etched surfaces were observed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The measurement of the Ra of the lithium disilicate glass ceramic was determined with surface roughness tester machine. The results showed that the means of Ra (μm) were 0.096±0.009μm, 0.608±0.054μm, and 0.892±0.101μm in group A, B, and C, respectively. The one-way ANOVA showed there was an effect of hydrofluoric acid surface treatment concentration on the surface roughness of the lithium disilicate glass ceramic. The post hoc test showed there was a difference of Ra (μm) among the experimental study groups (p<0.05). In conclusion, the concentration of hydrofluoric acid influences Ra of lithium disilicate glass ceramic. Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada 2021-05-06 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/65714 10.22146/theindjdentres.65714 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research; Vol 1, No 1 (2012); 29-35 2442-3300 2087-8710 eng https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/65714/31216 Copyright (c) 2021 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research

oai:journal.ugm.ac.id:article/65715 2021-05-06T03:46:36Z ijdr:ART

Identification of Veillonella spp. on Tongue Plaque and Saliva Using Real-Time PCR Dhaniarti, Karina Deandra, Fathia Agzarine Djais, Ariadna A Bachtiar, Boy M Veillonella spp.; real-time PCR; tongue plaque; saliva Veillonella spp., Gram-negative obligate anaerobic cocci bacteria, amounts to 3% in the oral cavity, relies on the fermentation of lactate as a carbon and energy source for growth. The bacteria are considered anti-cariogenic as they metabolize lactic acid into propionic acid which increases oral environment’s pH and reduces demineralization rate of tooth structure. Identification of Veillonella spp. using traditional methods is difficult due to the lack of conventional phenotypic and biochemical tests. Thus, the biomolecular methods are suitable for the specific detection and identification of Veillonella spp. One of the biomolecular methods that can be used is real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), which the results can be qualitative and quantitative. This study aimed to identify Veillonella spp. in tongue plaque’s and saliva’s samples using Real -time PCR. The DNA of Veillonella spp. derived from 36 samples, 18 samples of tongue plaque and 18 samples of saliva, were extracted using a freeze-thaw method and then quantified by real-time PCR using forward primer 5’-CCG TGA TGG GAT GGA AAC TGC-3’ and reverse primer 5’-CCT TCG CCA CTG GTG TTC TTC-3’. Veillonella spp. in 18 samples of tongue plaque was 3,06 x 107 CFU/ml and in 18 saliva samples was 1,51 x 105 CFU/ml.  It was concluded real-time PCR can detect Veillonella spp. from all tongue plaque’s and saliva’s samples.   Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada 2021-05-06 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/65715 10.22146/theindjdentres.65715 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research; Vol 1, No 1 (2012); 36-43 2442-3300 2087-8710 eng https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijdr/article/view/65715/31217 Copyright (c) 2021 The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research