Assessment of the Current Pollution Status of Jabi Lake in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria
Cyril Kanayochukwu Ezeamaka(1*), Sadiq Queen(2), Daful Mwanret(3), Ogbole Moses(4), Anjide Theresa Wado(5)
(1) Department of Geography, Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna, Nigeria
(2) Department of Geography, Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna, Nigeria
(3) Department of Geography, Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna, Nigeria
(4) Department of Geography, Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna, Nigeria
(5) Department of Geography, Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna, Nigeria
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
This paper was aimed at providing the pollution status of Jabi Lake, FCT Abuja. 13 parameters were tested from raw water collected four sampling points. The physicochemical parameters were measured using Hanna multiparametric meter, while transparency was measured using Secchi disc. Dissolved oxygen, Biological and Chemical oxygen demand were measured titrimetrically using standard method. The concentrations of the metals were determined in triplicates. Flame atomic absorption spectrometer was used in the analysis as well as descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and standard error. The Nigerian Industrial Standard and WHO guidelines for domestic water were used to compare the results of the water from the lake. The study reveals that the mean turbidity ranged between 21.6 – 24.2cm and is above the recommended limits of both WHO and NIS. The range of pH was between 6.3 and 8.8. pH is within a neutral range. The study reveals that the mean value of TDS and electrical conductivity is below the recommended limit of both WHO and NIS guidelines. The study shows that there is high concentration of some heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Mn, Zn, and Fe) in Jabi Lake. Cd, Zn, Fe and Ni are above the permissible limits of the NIS and WHO guidelines, which is an indication of pollution. The study, therefore, recommends that proactive measures be taken on environmental laws in FCT and that environmental/health worker and non-governmental bodies be active in enlightenment campaigns that will alert members of the public to the harm being caused to this important ecosystem.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abubakar, H. (2015). Assessment of Physicochemical Parameters along Selected Locations of River Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria, ARC Journal of Academic Research, 1(1): 11-16
Adebayo, O. O. (2014). Evaluation of Spatio-Temporal Characteristics of River Water Quality in Ogun-Osun River Basin in Nigeria Using Geographical Information System and Multivariate Techniques, A Ph.D. Thesis Submitted to the Post Graduate School of University of Ibadan, Nigeria
Akinyemi, J. O. and Souley, S. O. (2014). Monitoring the Quality of Some Sources of Irrigation Water in Different Parts of Ogun State, Nigeria, Proceedings 9 IERI International Conference on Environment Systems Science and Engineering, Pp. 123-128
Al-Amin, M. A. (2013). Water Quality Study of River Kaduna in Nigeria, International Journal of Advanced Research, 1(17): 467-474
Ali, N., Oniye, S. J., Balarabe, M. L. and Auta, J. (2005). Concentration of Fe, Cu, Cr, Zn, and Pb in Makera Drain, Kaduna, Nigeria, Chemclass Journal, 2: 69-73
Aneja, K. R. (2005). Experiments in Microbiology, Plant Pathology and Biotechnology, New Age Publisher, New Delhi, Pp. 355-370
APHA (2005). Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Waste Water, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC
Butu, A. W. (2011). Sources and Levels of Metal Contaminants in River Kubanni, Zaria, Nigeria, PhD Thesis, Department of Geography Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
Butu, A. W. (2013). Concentration of Metal Pollutants in River Kubanni, Zaria, Nigeria, Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 3(2): 814 – 824
Butu, A.W. and Sadiq, O.Q. (2016). Assessment of some Heavy Metal Contaminants in River Romi, Kaduna, Nigeria, Nigerian Journal of Tropical Geography, 7(1)
Fatoki, O. S., Lujiza, N., and Ogunfowokan, A. O. (2002). Trace Metal Pollution in Umtata River, Water SA 28: 183-190
FCT Water Board (2005). Purpose and Intent of the Lower Usman Dam, FCT Water Board Bulletin, 6: 3
Galadima, A., Garba, Z. N., Leke, L., Al-Mustapha, M. N. and Adam, I. K. (2011). Domestic Water Pollution among Local Communities in Nigeria: Causes and Consequences, European Journal of Scientific Research, 52(4): 592-603
Garba, Z. N., Hamza, S. A. and Galadima, A. (2010). Arsenic Level Speciation in Fresh Water from Karaye Local Government Area, Kano State, Nigeria, International Journal of Chemistry, 20(20): 113-117
Jarup, L. (2003). Hazards of Heavy Metals Contamination, British Medical Bulletin, 68:167-182
Joshua, N. M. and Nazrul, M. I. (2015). Water Pollution and Its Impact on the Human Health, Journal of Environment and Human, 2:1
Kemdirim, E. C. (2005). Studies on the Hydrochemistry of Kangimi Reservoir, Kaduna State, Journal of Ecology, 43: 7-13
Murray, S. (2007). Life of Poverty in Abuja’s Wealth, BBC
Narayana, P. (2007). Environmental Pollution: Principles, Analysis and Control, CBS Publisher and Distributor Nigeria
Nigerian Industrial Standard (NIS) (2007). Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality, NIS 554:20, Pp. 16-17
Obilonu, A. N., Chijioke, C., Igwegbe, W. E., Ibearugbulem,O. I. and Abubakar, Y. F. (2013). Water Quality Challenges and Impacts, International Letters of National Sciences, 4: 44-53
Olofin, E. A. (1991). Surface Water Pollution: A Menace to the Quality of life in Urban Area, Paper Presented at the 34th Annual Conference of the Nigerian Geographical Association (NGA), Owerri
Sadiq, O. Q. (2015). Assessment of Heavy Metal Contaminants in River Romi, Kaduna, Nigeria, Unpublished M.Sc. Dissertation, Department of Geography, Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna
Sharma, B. K. (2010). Environmental Chemistry, Geol Publishing House, Meerut.
Solomon, R. J. and Babatunde, A. A. (2017). Kidney Analysis of Clarias Gariepinus in Relation to Weight from Jabi Lake, FCT, Abuja, Nigeria, Journal of Biology and Biotechnology, 3(1): 24 – 32
Suhendan, M., Ozkan, O. and Oymak, S. (2010). Trace Metal Contents in Fish Species from Ataturk Dam Lake (Euphrates, Turkey), Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 10: 209 – 213
Tiri, A., Belkhiri, L., Brudoukha, A. and Lahbar, N. (2011). Characterization and Evaluation of the Factors Affecting the Geochemistry of Surface Water of Kondiat Medouar Basin, Algeria, African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 5 (5): 355 – 362
Umar, M. A. and Abdullahi, I. (2010). Speciation Studies of Ni, Pb, Zn, Cd and Cu in Jabi Dam Sediments using Chemical Fractionating Methods, Katsina Journal of Pure and Applied Science, 2(1& 2): 117 – 122
Umar, M. A. and Ebong, M. C. (2013). Determination of Heavy Metals in Soil, Water, Sediment, Fish and Cray Fish of Jabi Lake in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria, International Journal of Research in Pure and Applied Chemistry, 2 (7): 25-31
Vivian, E. L., Adamu, I. C. and Ayuba, K. N. (2012). Effects of Effluent Discharge of Kaduna Refinery on the Water Quality of River Romi, Journal of Research in Environmental Science and Toxicology, 1(3): 41-46
WHO (2010). Chemicals of Health Significance as Described by World Health Organization Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality (Fourth Edition), WHO, Washington DC
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijg.40328
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 3797 | views : 2338Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2019 Indonesian Journal of Geography
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Accredited Journal, Based on Decree of the Minister of Research, Technology and Higher Education, Republic of Indonesia Number 225/E/KPT/2022, Vol 54 No 1 the Year 2022 - Vol 58 No 2 the Year 2026 (accreditation certificate download)
ISSN 2354-9114 (online), ISSN 0024-9521 (print)
IJG STATISTIC