Pembuatan Alat Pengolah Sampah Botol Plastik Menjadi Filamen 3D Printer untuk Substitusi Bahan Habis Pakai di Laboratorium

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijl.v9i1.111342

Mujiraharjo Mujiraharjo(1*), Fathurahman Fathurahman(2), Mokhammad Samsudin(3), Sudarmaji Sudarmaji(4)

(1) Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(2) Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(3) Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(4) Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


ABSTRAK. Penggunaan plastik yang terus meningkat berdampak langsung pada meningkatnya timbunan sampah plastik yang sulit terurai. Salah satu solusi yang dapat diterapkan adalah pemanfaatan kembali sampah botol plastik jenis Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) sebagai bahan baku filamen 3D printer. Dari permasalahan sampah tersebut maka salah satu cara untuk menguranginya dengan membuat alat pengolah sampah botol plastik menjadi filamen 3D printer yang dapat menggantikan filamen pabrikan dalam proses cetak 3D print. Metode yang digunakan meliputi desain alat menggunakan perangkat lunak, pemilihan komponen mekanik dan elektronik, serta perakitan dan uji coba alat. Prinsip kerja alat adalah mengubah botol plastik menjadi potongan pipih dengan lebar 10 mm, kemudian dipanaskan dengan elemen pemanas dan diekstrusi melalui nozzle berdiameter 1,75 mm sehingga menghasilkan filamen 3D print berbentuk silinder siap pakai.Hasil pembuatan alat pengolah sampah menjadi filamen 3D print sudah berhasil dengan membuat filamen sesuai kebutuhan pada proses cetak 3D print. Spesifikasi filamen yang dihasilkan merujuk pada bahan PET sehingga setingan pada proses cetak 3D print menyesuaikan setingan bahan PET. Perhitungan efisiensi menunjukkan bahwa kebutuhan filamen sebesar 1 kg dengan harga beli Rp 200.000,00 sampai Rp 275.000,00 dapat ditekan melalui penggunaan filamen hasil daur ulang botol plastik jenis PET dengan biaya pembuatan berkisar ± Rp 60.000,00. Efisiensi biaya praktikum di laboratorium diperoleh dengan adanya alat pengolah sampah plastik menjadi filamen 3D print. Sehingga filamen pabrikan dapat disubtisusi dengan filamen dari botol plastik jenis PET.

 

ABSTRACK. The escalating consumption of plastic directly contributes to the accumulation of non-biodegradable plastic waste. A viable solution to mitigate this issue is the repurposing of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) plastic bottle waste as a raw material for 3D printer filaments. Addressing this waste problem, this study proposes the development of a processing machine capable of converting plastic bottle waste into 3D printer filament, providing an alternative to commercial filaments in 3D printing applications.The methodology employed encompassed machine design utilizing software, the selection of mechanical and electronic components, followed by assembly and performance testing. The operational principle of the machine involves cutting plastic bottles into 10 mm wide strips, which are subsequently heated via a heating element and extruded through a 1.75 mm diameter nozzle to produce a ready-to-use, cylindrical 3D printing filament.The development of the waste-to-filament processing machine was successful, demonstrating the capability to yield filaments that meet the standard requirements for 3D printing processes. The specifications of the generated filament correspond to the properties of PET material; thus, the 3D printer configurations must be adjusted to align with standard PET printing parameters. Cost efficiency analysis indicates that the expense of procuring 1 kg of commercial filament, typically ranging from Rp 200,000.00 to Rp 275,000.00, can be significantly reduced by utilizing this recycled PET filament, which incurs an estimated production cost of ± Rp 60,000.00. The implementation of this plastic waste processing machine achieves significant cost efficiency for laboratory practicums. Consequently, commercial filaments can be effectively substituted with filaments derived from recycled PET plastic bottles.


Keywords


filamen 3D printer; botol plastik PET; daur ulang; laboratorium; subtitusi.



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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijl.v9i1.111342

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The Indonesian Journal of Laboratory ISSN 2655-1624 (online), ISSN 2655-4887 (print) adalah Jurnal Pranata Laboratorium Pendidikan yang diterbitkan oleh Persatuan Pranata Laboratorium Pendidikan Indonesia Universitas Gadjah MadaThe content of this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License