Phenotype Measurements of Bali Cattle Combined with Interviews of Farmers from Multiple Locations in Indonesia as a Resource for Development of Breeding Programs



Ann Eriksson(1*), Endang Tri Margawati(2), Indriawati Indriawati(3), Ronny Rachman Noor(4), Goran Andersson(5), Emma M Svensson(6)

(1) Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
(2) Research Center for Biotechnology of the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Cibidong, Indonesia
(3) Research Center for Biotechnology of the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Cibidong, Indonesia
(4) Fakultas Peternakan, IPB, Bogor, Indonesia.
(5) Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
(6) Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Bali cattle is an important breed for Indonesian farmers. However, the breed is threatened by isolation of populations and cross breeding with exotic breeds. Here we aim to increase the knowledge of Bali cattle phenotypic diversity and management. Based on this information we suggest breeding strategies suitable for small scale farmers that can help to maintain diversity and also lead to improved animal health and welfare. Animals from Bali, Sumatra, Lombok and Kalimantan were phenotyped for; body length, whiters height, chest girth, body weight, pelvic height, pelvic width and horn length. Furthermore, stature, coat color, fur and horns were described. In total 94 animals >2 years of age were phenotyped. The gathered data will be critical for selection of individuals for future genomic studies aimed at identi cation of genetic factors. A total of 68 farmers were interviewed focusing on management and breeding. The interviews revealed a willingness to learn about breeding and how to breed for certain traits such as size and appearance. ANOVA analysis of the phenotypic measurements showed signi cant differences between females on Sumatra compared to those on Lombok and Kalimantan. Females on Sumatra were signi cantly lighter (P<0.0001) compared to females on Lombok and Kalimantan. Females on Sumatra also had signi cantly (P<0.01) narrower pelvic width and shorter horns (P<0.001) compared to females from Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB). For males, management could explain many of the observed differences. Abnormal colored, white spotted animals were sighted and comparisons were made with the standard colored. These spotted cattle were smaller in all phenotypic measurements and signi cantly lighter in body weight (P<0.0001) compared to standard cattle and regardless of origin. The phenotypic recordings may provide a realistic estimate of the Bali cattle on the locations investigated. The results from interviews and phenotyping can be used when developing breeding programs for Bali cattle. 


Keywords


Bali cattle, Phenotyping, ANOVA, Breeding

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