FARMERS’ WILLINGNESS TO ACCEPT A COMPENSATION TO PROTECT AGRICULTURAL LAND SUSTAINABILITY IN PERI-URBAN AREAS OF PEKALONGAN CITY

Agricultural land is a land that has a relatively low rental value, so agricultural land is very vulnerable to be converted. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim 1) to know farmers’ willingness to accept a compensation to protect agricultural land sustainability, 2) to know the factors that influence farmers' willingness to accept / reject WTA, and 3) to know the factors that influence the WTA value of farmers’ in the peri-urban areas. The study was conducted in the peri-urban areas of Pekalongan City. The research respondents were 90 farmer owners and cultivators. The research data was analyzed by using Heckman's twostage model. The results show that farmers’ WTA in the peri-urban areas of Pekalongan City amounted to IDR 7,217,827.27 per year. Factors that influence farmers’ willingness to accept or reject compensation were the distance of the agricultural land to the main road and farmers' perceptions toward the sustainability of agricultural land in the peri-urban areas. Factors influencing the number of farmers’ WTA to be willing to protect the agricultural land in the peri-urban areas of Pekalongan City were farmers’ farm income and farming experience of the farmers. Sustainability of agricultural land in the suburbs of Pekalongan City can be maintained by taking into account the facilities and infrastructure needed by farmers who own agricultural land both far and close to the main road, increasing farmers' perceptions of the sustainability of agricultural land, increasing farm income and reducing the risk of farming production.


INTRODUCTION
Urban areas are very synonymous with a region that has a very high level of economic growth. The high economic growth in urban areas is supported by the high role of the industry and trade sectors that support the economy in urban areas. The relatively high economic growth in urban areas is an incentive for residents in rural areas to expressed as opportunity costs which are the preferred alternative when making economic decisions, coming from the idea that resources are scarce, meaning that obtaining more than one scarce resource, individuals or groups collectively has to sacrifice a number of the other rare items (Xiangzheng et al., 2016). Therefore, the trade-off of land use can have an impact on increasing one service from a particular sector and at the same time there will be a decrease in some services in other sectors.
Trade-offs of land use also occur with agricultural land, especially agricultural land in the peri-urban areas. Agricultural land has relatively low rental value compared to other economic activities, so it is vulnerable to be converted into non-agricultural land. The conversion of agricultural land will trigger an increasing risk of food security for the residents in urban areas (Aragie & Genanu, 2017;Szabo, 2016).
The conversion of agricultural land occuring in urban areas over time will increasingly expand towards the periurban areas due to the expansion of the urban area (Sudirman, 2012). This is a threat to the sustainability of agricultural land in the peri-urban areas. The threat to the sustainability of agricultural land is increasing along with the increasing number of degraded agricultural lands, rapid population growth and changes in economic structure and urbanization.
Furthermore, it also triggers the decreasing amount of availability of agricultural labor (Pham et al., 2015;Sun & Akiyama, 2018).

Studies in Kenya related to farmers'
WTA using a logistic model, involve factors that positively influence WTA such as experience factors, perceptions of the PES program, and income level, while the factors that negatively influence WTA consist of education level, basic work, and interest in conservation activities (Nyongesa et al., 2016). Research (Purbiyanti et al., 2017). The conversion of agricultural land has the potential to be expanded towards the suburbs of the city as a result of the phenomenon of urban sprawl in urban areas. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim 1) to measure the WTA value of farmers to be willing to protect the sustainability of agricultural land in the peri-urban areas of Pekalongan City, 2) to determine the factors that influence farmers' decision to reject / accept WTA, and 3) to determine the factors that affect the value of farmers' WTA in the peri-urban areas of Pekalongan City. Testing of factors that influence farmers' decision to accept / reject compensation and factors that influence the amount of WTA desired by farmers can be done by using Heckman's twostage method. This method was used as an analytical tool due to its ability to explain well the factors that influence farmers' decisions to be willing to accept compensation or not (first stage-binary probit model) and the factors that influence the amount of compensation that farmers are willing to accept (second stage-OLS model) (Amegnaglo et al., 2017). In addition, this method was used on the grounds in which WTA data have a sample selection bias. Hence, to eliminate the occurrence of this bias. it is recommended to use Heckman's twostage method (Amare et al., 2016). In this study the Heckman's two stage method was analyzed using Eviews 9.0 software.

METHODS
First stage of Heckman's two-stage method used binary probit model as follows: WTA= β 0 + β 1 X 1 + β 2 X 2 + β 3 X 3 + β 4 X 4 + β 5 X 5 + β 6 X 6 + β 7 X 7 + V 2 Thus, the existence of agricultural land on the peri-urban areas of Pekalongan City can be maintained. Table 1 shows that most farmers on the peri-urban areas of Pekalongan City were willing to protect their agricultural and an environmental resource that they manage or they feel. Farmers' willingness to accept compensation or to protect agricultural land on the peri-urban areas of Pekalongan City will relate to the sustainability of agricultural land in the peri-urban. In this study, farmers were asked directly about their willingness to protect agricultural land that is currently owned and managed.
In Table 4, it can be seen that the  Prob(F statistic) 0.0000 *** Source: Analysis of Primary Data in 2019Where: *** significant at the error rate 1% (t-count = 2,84); * significant at the error rate 10% (t-count = 1,72) ; ns not significant Agro Ekonomi Vol. 30/Issue. 2, December 2019 The increase in farming experience can reduce the number of WTA desired by farmers because the higher the farming experience of the farmers means that they will increasingly understand and realize the benefits of the agricultural land that is owned and managed. Accordingly, the sustainability of agricultural land in the peri-urban areas can be maintained.