Adaptabilitas Agronomi Genotipe Kacang Merah di Dataran Rendah Bogor

Siti Marwiyah; Undang Undang; Soefi Nastri Agustiani

doi:10.22146/veg.105217

Adaptabilitas Agronomi Genotipe Kacang Merah di Dataran Rendah Bogor

https://doi.org/10.22146/veg.105217

Siti Marwiyah^(1*), Undang Undang⁽²⁾, Soefi Nastri Agustiani⁽³⁾

(1) Institut Pertanian Bogor (Bogor Agricultural University/ IPB University)
(2) Institut Pertanian Bogor (Bogor Agricultural University/ IPB University)
(3) Dinas Pertanian dan Ketahanan Pangan Kabupaten Pandeglang, Banten
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Evaluation of kidney bean genotypes in the lowlands is a preliminary step in a plant breeding program to develop lowland-adaptive varieties. This study aims (1) to evaluate agronomic characters, (2) analyze the associations between yield component traits and total yield, and (3) select kidney bean genotypes adapted to lowland environment. The study was conducted in lowlands (185 m asl), Leuwikopo Experimental Station, IPB, Bogor, from March to June 2023. Ten kidney bean genotypes were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Observations included growth characters and yield components, followed by heritability, correlations, and multiple regression. Genotype was significantly affects plant height, total productive bunches, total pods number, total pod weight, total seed weight, and pod length. Characters with high broad sense heritability (h2bs>60%) were plant height, total productive bunches, pod length, total pod weight, and total seed weight. Total seed weight was identified as a selection trait for adaptation in lowland. Adaptive genotypes in the lowlands exhibited high total pod and seed weight, taller canopy, numerous productive clusters, and early maturity. Genotypes KM06, KM03, and KM04 showed the highest total seed weight per plant, indicating superior adaptation potential in lowland environments.

Keywords

correlation; heritability; multiple regression; selection; total seed weight

Full Text:

PDF

References

Abirami and Kaur, J. (2023). Kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) its nutrient profile, health benefits, value-added products and anti-nutritional properties’, The Pharma Innovation, 12(7): 1524–1528. doi: 10.22271/tpi.2023.v12.i7r.21424.

Alcázar-Valle, M., Lugo-Cervantes, E., Mojica, L., Morales-Hernández, N., Reyes-Ramírez, H., Enríquez-Vara, J. N., & García-Morales, S. (2020). Bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, and antinutritional content of legumes: a comparison between four phaseolus species. Molecules, 25, 3528. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25153528

Nugraha, M. (2024). Penampilan agronomi M1 genotipe KM56 kacang merah hasil iradiasi sinar gama. Skripsi. Institut Pertanian Bogor.

Dewi, S. M. & Syukur, M. (2015). Interaksi genotipe x lingkungan hasil dan komponen hasil 14 genotipe tomat di empat lingkungan dataran rendah genotype x environment interaction of yield and yield components of 14 tomato genotypes in four lowland environments. J. Agron. Indonesia, 43(1): 59–65.

Gaur, P. M., Samineni, S., Krishnamurthy, L., Kumar, S., Ghanem, M. E., Beebe, S., Rao, I., Chaturvedi, S. K., Basu, P. S., Nayyar, H., Jayalakshmi, V., Babbar, A., & Varshney, R. K. (2015). High temperature tolerance in grain legumes. Legume Perspectives, 7, 6–7.

Handini, M. A., Saptadi, D. & Waluyo, B. (2020). Parameter genetik karakter dan seleksi 82 genotipe ercis di dataran rendah. Kultivasi, 19(2): 1162–1173. doi: 10.24198/kultivasi.v19i2.22931.

Maulida, H., Sutjahjo, S.H., Wirnas D., Marwiyah, S. (2022). Keragaan dan respon seleksi pada segregan transgresif kacang hijau. J. Agron. Indonesia, 50(2): 147–154. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.24831/jai.v50i2.40674.

Kaul, A., Kaur, C. & Singh, G. (2018). Performance of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under different sowing dates in sub-mountainous area of Punjab, Legume Research, 41(5): 745–749. doi: 10.18805/LR-3857.

[Kementan] Kementrian Pertanian. (2022). Statistik Konsumsi Pangan Tahun 2022. Pusdatin.

Larmure, A. & Munier-Jolain, N. G. (2019). High temperatures during the seed-filling period decrease seed nitrogen amount in pea (Pisum sativum L.): evidence for a Sink Limitation. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10, 1–11. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01608.

Lewar, Y., Hasan, A. & Vertygo, S. (2022). Frequency and water supply on inerie kidney bean production in dry lowland of East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Ecology, Environment and Conservation, 28, S31–S37. doi: 10.53550/eec.2022.v28i05s.006.

Marwiyah, S., Purnamawati, H. & Sembiring, P.I. (2017). Induksi mutasi fisik dengan iradiasi sinar gamma pada kacang merah. Comm. Horticulturae Journal, 1(1): 49. doi: 10.29244/chj.1.1.49-55.

Mawadah, D. (2023). Karakterisasi genotipe kacang merah (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) di dataran rendah Bogor. Skripsi. Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor.

Mentari, B. P., Purnamawati, H., & Sulistyono, E. (2023). Growth and yield responses of two cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) varieties on different irrigation levels. Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia, 51(3): 402–413. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.24831/jai.v51i3.48235

Tambitkar, N., Pethe, U., Desai, S., Dhopavkar, R., & Kadam, J. (2020). Correlation and path analysis studies in cowpea. The Pharma Innovation Journal, 9(12): 314–316.

Nurdianti, P. B., Fransisko, E., & Utami, R. S. (2022). Pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kacang merah (Phaseolus vulgaris) terhadap waktu aplikasi dan dosis pemberian vermikompos. Jurnal Riset Rumpun Ilmu Tanaman, 1(2): 62–77.

Rahayu, R. S. (2024). Pengaruh pemberian mulsa pada beberapa genotipe kacang merah (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) di dataran tendah. Skripsi. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.

Sembiring, P. I. (2016). Karakterisasi morfologi genotipe M1 kacang merah (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) di dataran rendah. Skripsi. Institut Pertanian Bogor.

Shabir, F., & Khan, S. (2024). Nutritional and health promoting attribute of kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.): a review. International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences, 5(1): 11–16. doi: 10.52804/ijaas2024.513.

Sihaloho, A. N., Purba, R. & Sihombing, N. (2019). Respon pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman kacang merah (Vigna angularis) dengan pemberian pupuk NPK dan pupuk kascing. Jurnal Rhizobia, 1(2), pp. 108–117. doi: 10.36985/rhizobia.v8i2.76.

Sopandie, D. (2013). Fisiologi Adaptasi Tanaman terhadap Cekaman Abiotik pada Agroekosistem Tropika. IPB Press. Bogor. 228 p.

Sudarma, I., Takalapeta, A., & Lopes, Y. F. (2015). Respon pertumbuhan dan hasil beberapa kultivar kacang merah (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) tipe tegak pada cekaman kekeringan berbeda. Jurnal Biotropikal Sains, 12(3): 45–54.

Suroso, B., & Sodik, A. J. (2016). Potential and contribution of the results agronomic crop soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) on monoculture cropping system. Journal of Agricultural Science, 14(2), 124–133.

Tambunan, A. H., & Nurjani, B. (2025). Pengaruh komposisi NPK terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil kacang merah pada kedalaman muka air berbeda dengan sistem budidaya jenuh air di lahan pasang surut sulfat masam. Sustainability Nexus Journal, 1(1): 35–42. https://doi.org/https//dx.doi.org/

Undang, Setyono, & Anugrah, M. (2020). Karakterisasi benih kacang merah (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) sebagai penyedia varietas unggul. Agrosintesa Jurnal Ilmu Budidaya Pertanian, 3(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.33603/jas.v3i1.3545.

Vidal, M. C. (2019). Keragaman genetik berbasis rapd, uji proksimat, dan interaksi genotipe x lingkungan beberapa genotipe kacang merah asal timor leste. Tesis. Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor

Wirnas, D., Oktanti, N., Rahmi, H. N., Andriani, D., Faturrahman, Rini, E. P., Marwiyah, S., Trikoesoemaningtyas, & Sopandie, D. (2021). Genetic analysis for designing an ideotype of high-yielding sorghum based on existing lines performance. Biodiversitas, 22(12): 5286–5292. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d221208.

Yang, G. D., Hu, Z. Y., Hao, Z. Y., Li, J. H., Sun, B. S., Meng, X. X., & Wang, Q. (2023). Breeding of kidney bean (phaseolus vulgaris L.) Cultivar Keyun1 and Exploration of Nitrogen Application and Planting Density. Legume Research, 46(10): 1288–1294. https://doi.org/10.18805/LRF-732.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/veg.105217