Optimasi Asam Humat Gambut dan Dosis Pemupukan untuk Peningkatan Produktivitas Bawang Merah di Lahan Pasang Surut

A. Haitami; Wahyudi Wahyudi; Nariman Hadi

doi:10.22146/veg.111489

Optimasi Asam Humat Gambut dan Dosis Pemupukan untuk Peningkatan Produktivitas Bawang Merah di Lahan Pasang Surut

https://doi.org/10.22146/veg.111489

A. Haitami^(1*), Wahyudi Wahyudi⁽²⁾, Nariman Hadi⁽³⁾

(1) Universitas Islam Kuantan Singingi
(2) Universitas Islam Kuantan Singingi
(3) Universitas Islam Kuantan Singingi
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Tidal areas have significant potential for shallot cultivation, but are hampered by soil acidity and low nutrient availability. This study aimed to determine the effect of peat humic acid and NPK fertilizer on shallot growth and productivity in tidal areas. This study used a Split-Plot factorial design with two factors: The main plot is the dose of peat humic acid consisting of 4 treatment levels, namely without peat humic acid (control), 0,08 g/plant, 0,16 g/plant, and 0,32 g/plant, while the subplot is the fertilizer dose consisting of 4 treatment levels, namely without fertilization (control), 75 kg Urea ha⁻¹ + 75 kg ZA ha⁻¹ + 125 kg SP-36 ha⁻¹ + 75 kg KCl ha⁻¹, 100 kg Urea ha⁻¹ + 100 kg ZA ha⁻¹ + 175 kg SP-36 ha⁻¹ + 100 kg KCl ha⁻¹, and 125 kg Urea ha⁻¹ + 125 kg ZA ha⁻¹ + 225 kg SP-36 ha⁻¹ + 125 kg KCl ha⁻¹. The parameters observed included plant height, number of tubers, fresh tuber weight, dry tuber weight, number of tillers, and productivity. The results showed that peat humic acid and NPK fertilization each had a very significant effect on all growth parameters and yield, but no significant interaction was found between the two factors. The best results were obtained in the combination treatment of peat humic acid 3 g/plant and NPK fertilizer 75% of the recommended dose, which resulted in a plant height of 34,05 cm, 9 tubers per plant, fresh tuber weight of 71 g, dry tuber weight of 60 g, 5,10 tillers per plant, and a productivity of 10 tons/ha. Soil analysis showed a neutral pH of 7,53, a very high organic C content of 26,19 mg/L, and adequate macronutrient content. These results indicate that the application of peat humic acid 3 g/plant combined with 75% of the recommended dose of NPK fertilizer is the optimal combination for shallot cultivation in tidal land, achieving a productivity increase of 97,69% compared to the control without treatment.

Keywords

humic acid; peat; shallots; productivity; tidal land

Full Text:

PDF

References

Ampong, K., Thilakaranthna, M.S. & Gorim, L.Y. 2022. Understanding the role of humic acids on crop performance and soil health. Frontiers in Agronomy, 4, 848621. https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2022.848621

Ayeni, O.O., Kambizi, L., Laubscher, C.P. & Fatoki, O.S. 2013. Aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe)-key elements in wetland sustenance: a review. International Journal of Ecosystems & Ecology Sciences, 3(4).

Barzegar, T., Mahmoodi, S., Nekounam, F., Ghahremani, Z. & Khademi, O. 2022. Effects of humic acid and cytokinin on yield, biochemical attributes and nutrient elements of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) cv. Watermelon. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 45(10): 1582-1598. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2021.2003395

Bashir, O., Ali, T., Baba, Z.A., Rather, G.H., Bangroo, S.A., Mukhtar, S.D. & Bhat, R.A. 2021. Soil organic matter and its impact on soil properties and nutrient status. In Microbiota and Biofertilizers, Vol 2: Ecofriendly Tools for Reclamation of Degraded Soil Environs (pp. 129-159). Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61010-4_7

Boguta, P., D'Orazio, V., Senesi, N., Sokołowska, Z. & Szewczuk-Karpisz, K. 2019. Insight into the interaction mechanism of iron ions with soil humic acids. The effect of the pH and chemical properties of humic acids. Journal of Environmental Management, 245: 367-374.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.05.098

Fatah, H.A., Widowati, W., Agastya, I.M.I. & Syaputra, R. 2024. Effect of administration of humic acid on seed growth in varieties of cabbage chili (Capsicum frutescens L.) at the seedling phase. AGRITEPA: Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pertanian, 11(2): 339-352.https://doi.org/10.37676/agritepa.v11i2.6951

Guo, Z., Gao, J., Lv, T., Zheng, Y., Deng, C., Sun, X., & Deng, Y. 2025. Humic Acid Enhances Soil Fertility and Microbial Diversity Under Optimized Nitrogen Fertilization in Quinoa Rhizosphere. Plants, 14(24): 3850. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14243850

Haitami, A., Ghulamahdi, M., Sopandie, D., Susila, A.D. & Lestari, Y. 2024. Responses of shallot to ameliorant and actinobacteria applications in water-saturated system on tidal land. Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy), 52(1):1-9. https://doi.org/10.24831/jai.v52i1.50768

Haitami, A., & Hadi, N. 2026. Enhancing shallot growth and yield performance through peat-derived humic acid amelioration in tidal swampland: A sustainable approach to marginal land utilization. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 20(1): 75-83. https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.26.20.01.p130

Hidayat, M.H., Susi, N., Lestari, S.U., Sari, V.I. & Prastari, C. 2023. Respon pertumbuhan dan produksi bawang merah (Allium cepa. L.) akibat pemberian asam humat dan NPK 16: 16: 16. JURAGAN-Jurnal Agroteknologi, 1(1): 7-16. https://doi.org/10.58794/juragan.v1i1.466

Marlina, N., Haitami, A., Gusmiatun, D.M., Aluyah, C. & Gribaldi, A. 2025. Optimization of rice production in tidal swamps by combining bio-organic fertilizers and cropping systems. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 26(9): 239-252. https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/203257

Muscolo, A., Pizzeghello, D., Francioso, O., Sanchez Cortes, S. & Nardi, S. (2020). Effectiveness of humic substances and phenolic compounds in regulating plant-biological functionality. Agronomy, 10(10), 1553.https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10101553

Nabi, F., Sarfaraz, A., Kama, R., Kanwal, R. & Li, H. 2025. Structure-based function of humic acid in abiotic stress alleviation in plants: a review. Plants, 14(13): 1916. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14131916

Noor, M., Sutrisno, N. & Sosiawan, H. 2019. Manajemen air di lahan rawa berbasis mini-polder dalam mendukung pengembangan pertanian modern. Dan Produksi Mendukung Pertanian Modern, 235.

Olk, D.C., Dinnes, D.L., Rene Scoresby, J., Callaway, C.R. & Darlington, J.W. 2018. Humic products in agriculture: potential benefits and research challenges a review. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 18(8): 2881-2891.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-018-1916-4

Piccolo, A. & Drosos, M. 2025. The essential role of humified organic matter in preserving soil health. Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture, 12(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40538-02500730-0.

Pusdatin Pertanian. Pusat Data dan Sistem Informasi Pertanian. 2024. Outlook Bawang Merah Komoditas Pertanian Subsektor Hortikultura. Susanti A.A., Heni A.T., editor. Jakarta: Pusat Data dan Sistem Informasi Pertanian Kementerian Pertanian.

Rathor, P., Gorim, L.Y. & Thilakarathna, M.S. 2023. Plant physiological and molecular responses triggered by humic based biostimulants-a way forward to sustainable agriculture. Plant and Soil, 492(1): 31-60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-023-06156-7

Sharma, U.C., Datta, M. & Sharma, V. 2025. Toxicity and tolerance. In Soil Acidity: Management Options for Higher Crop Productivity (pp. 323-425). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-76357-1_3

Susilawati, A., Nursyamsi, D. & Syakir, M. 2016. Optimalisasi penggunaan lahan rawa pasang surut mendukung swasembada pangan nasional. Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan, 10(1).

Tsapko, Y., Kucher, A., Meshref, B., Krupin, V., Rozmarina, A., Holovina, O., & Skorokhod, I. 2023. Structural amelioration of soils for sustainable land management. Land, 12(4): 909. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12040909

Wong, W.S., Zhong, H.T., Cross, A.T. & Yong, J.W.H. 2020. Plant biostimulants in vermicomposts: characteristics and plausible mechanisms. The Chemical Biology of Plant Biostimulants, 155-180. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119357254.ch6

Zhang, S., Zhu, Q., de Vries, W., Ros, G.H., Chen, X., Muneer, M.A. & Wu, L. 2023. Effects of soil amendments on soil acidity and crop yields in acidic soils: a world-wide meta-analysis. Journal of Environmental Management, 345: 118531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118531

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/veg.111489