Hubungan status pestisida dengan status gangguan akibat kekurangan yodium (GAKY) anak SD pada daerah endemik GAKY Kabupaten Dairi

Maryanes Maryanes; Wiryatun Lestariana; Untung S Widodo

doi:10.22146/ijcn.17675

Hubungan status pestisida dengan status gangguan akibat kekurangan yodium (GAKY) anak SD pada daerah endemik GAKY Kabupaten Dairi

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.17675

Maryanes Maryanes^(1*), Wiryatun Lestariana⁽²⁾, Untung S Widodo⁽³⁾

(1) Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Bener Meriah Provinsi NAD
(2) Bagian Biokimia Fakultas Kedokteran UGM, Yogyakarta
(3) BP GAKY Magelang/ Magister Gizi dan Kesehatan Fakultas Kedokteran UGM, Yogyakarta
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Background: Thyroxin plays important role in the metabolism of carbohydrate, protein and cholesterol, and in the process of growth. Iodine deficiency disorder not only can be caused by lack of iodine substance but also another competition factor, which is a pollutant substance which is goitergenic (pesticide). This goitergenic substance interferes hormonogenesis of thyroid causing enlargement of thyroid gland known as goiter.

Objective: This study was aimed at examining the relationship between status of pesticide and status of iodine deficiency disorders (urinary iodine excretion) of elementary school children and the difference between them based on level of their endemic in Dairi District.

Methods: This was an observational study using a cross-sectional design. Palpation of thyroid gland was made to determine the level of endemic; concentration of blood cholinesterase was determined using tinto meter kit; urinary iodine excretion was analyzed with the ammonium persulfate digestion method. Data was analyzed with chi square and anova.

Results: Chi square test indicated that the relationship between the concentration of blood cholinesterase and urinary iodine excretion was significant (p<0.05) with OR 11.1 and the relationship between concentration of cholinesterase and iodine deficiency disorders (palpation) was not significant (p>0.05) with OR 1.3. Anova test, based on endemic, indicated that there was a significant difference between the concentration of blood cholinesterase and urinary iodine excretion (p<0.05).

Conclusion: There was significant relationship between status of pesticide (concentration of blood cholinesterase) and status of iodine deficiency disorder based on urinary iodine excretion and there was no significant relationship between concentration of cholinesterase and iodine deficiency disorders based on the result of palpation. There was a difference in the average status of pesticide and iodine deficiency disorders status among the elementary school children based on their endemic.

Keywords

iodine deficiency disorders; pesticide; urinary iodine excretion; palpation; elementary school children

Full Text:

PDF

References

Departemen Kesehatan RI. Panduan Penegakan Normal Sosial (Social Enforcement): Peningkatan Konsumsi Garam Beryodium. Jakarta: Tim Penanggulangan GAKY Pusat; 2004.

Soeharyo H, Margawati A, Setiawan H, Djokomoelyanto. Aspek Sosial Kultur pada Program Penanggulangan GAKY. Jurnal GAKY Indonesia 2002;1(1):41-6.

Murdiana A. Penentuan Makanan yang Mengandung Goitrogenik Tiosianat sebagai Salah Satu Faktor Timbulnya GAKY. Bogor: Puslitbang Gizi; 2001.

Gaitan E. Goitrogens. Dalam: Saidin S. Hubungan Status Pestisida dengan Status Yodium dalam Darah pada Wanita Usia Subur di Daerah Gondok Endemik [laporan akhir penelitian]. Bogor: Pusat Litbang Gizi dan Makanan; 2005.

Soemirat J. Toksikologi Lingkungan. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press; 2003.

Mutiatikum. “Risk Assesment” Residu Pestisida dalam Makanan yang Dikonsumsi Sehari-hari di Jawa Barat [laporan penelitian]. Puslitbang Farmasi dan Obat Tradisional; 2001.

Saidin S. Hubungan Status Pestisida dengan Status Yodium dalam Darah pada Wanita Usia Subur di Daerah Gondok Endemik [laporan akhir penelitian]. Bogor: Pusat Litbang Gizi dan Makanan; 2005.

Departemen Kesehatan RI. Bantuan Teknis untuk Studi Evaluasi Proyek Intensifikasi Penanggulangan Gangguan Akibat Kekurangan Yodium (IP-GAKY). Jakarta: Direktorat Bina Gizi Masyarakat Direktorat Jenderal Bina Kesehatan Masyarakat; 2003.

Lemeshow S, Hosmer D, Klar J. 1990. Adequacy of Sample Size in Health Studies. (Terjemahan) Pramono D. Yogyakarta: UGM Press; 1997. h. 49-52.

WHO, Unicef, ICCIDD. Assesment of Iodine Deficiency Disorders and Monitoring their Elimination, A Guide For Programme Managers. Second edition. 2001.

Departemen Kesehatan RI. Modul Pelatihan Cara Penggunaan dan Pemeliharaan Peralatan Pengukuran/ Pemeriksaan Lingkungan. Cetakan Ke -1. Jakarta: Depkes RI; 1997.

Departemen Kesehatan RI. Pemeriksaan Kolinesterase Darah dengan Tintometer Kit. Jakarta: Dirjen P2M dan PLP; 1992.

Siswanto A. Pestisida. Surabaya: Balai Hygiene Perusahaan, Kesehatan Kerja dan Ergonomi; 1991.

Lambert EW, Lasarev M, Muniz J, Scherer J, Rothlein J, Santana J, et al. Variation in Organophosphate Pesticida Metabolites in Urine of Children Living in Agricultural Communities. Environ Health Perspect 2005; 113(4):504-8.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.17675