Pengaruh pemberian makanan tambahan (PMT) pada ibu hamil terhadap berat lahir bayi

Hana Shafiyyah Zulaidah; Istiti Kandarina; Mohammad Hakimi

doi:10.22146/ijcn.18998

Pengaruh pemberian makanan tambahan (PMT) pada ibu hamil terhadap berat lahir bayi

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.18998

Hana Shafiyyah Zulaidah^(1*), Istiti Kandarina⁽²⁾, Mohammad Hakimi⁽³⁾

(1) Minat Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak-Kesehatan Reproduksi (KIA-KR), Program Studi S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Gajah Mada
(2) Minat Gizi dan Kesehatan, Program Studi S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada
(3) Minat Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak-Kesehatan Reproduksi (KIA-KR), Program Studi S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Gajah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Background: Anemia causes fetal growth disorders that affect birth weight. Antenatal care (ANC) coverage and provision of high Fe if not followed by a decrease in the incidence of anemia can result indirectly in the risk of low birth weight. Supplementary feeding is expected to resolve the issue.

Objective: To assess the effect of supplementary feeding on the third trimester of pregnancy on birth weight.

Method: This was a quantitative study with a study design of quasi-experiment and non-equivalent control group. The given intervention was fish-processed feeding for 30 days. The study population was pregnant women in the third trimester in all health centers in the City of Yogyakarta and the samples were 104 pregnant women in some health centers with convenience sampling technique. The subjects were divided into two, namely the treatment group (PMT) and the comparison group (non-PMT). Birth weight was weighed immediately after the baby was born. Statistical analysis used t-test and logistic regression.

Results: The mean birth weight of infants in the treatment group and the comparison group was 3248 g and 2974 g, respectively, so that the difference in the mean birth weight of both groups was 274 g (p=0.0002; 95%C:131-416). Thus, supplementary feeding was shown significantly affect the birth weight. The extraneous variables that significantly influenced birth weight were pregnancy interval. Other extraneous variables were age, mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC), education, occupation, economic status, parity, protein intake, compliance of Fe tablet intake, antenatal care, gestational age at delivery and anemia status were not proven statistically significant to affect birth weight.

Conclusion: Supplementary feeding effect on birth weight.

Keywords

supplementary feeding; anemia; pregnant women; birth weight

Full Text:

PDF

References

Milman N. Anemia-still a major health problem in many parts of the world!. Ann Hematol 2011;90(4):369-77.

Arisman. Gizi dalam daur kehidupan. ed 2. Jakarta: Buku Kedokteran EGC; 2009.

Karasahin E, Ceyhan ST, Goktolga U, Keskin U, Baser I. Maternal anemia and perinatal outcome. Perinatal Journal 2007;15:127-30.

Bappenas. Pedoman perencanaan program gerakan sadar gizi dalam rangka seribu hari pertama kehidupan (1000 HPK). Jakarta: Bappenas Republik Indonesia; 2012.

Dinas Kesehatan Kota Yogyakarta. Profil kesehatan Kota Yogyakarta tahun 2012. Yogyakarta: Dinas Kesehatan Kota Yogyakarta; 2013.

Proverawati A. Anemia dan anemia kehamilan. Yogyakarta: Nuha Medika; 2011.

Direktorat Bina Gizi Masyarakat. Petunjuk teknis pemberian makanan tambahan ibu hamil. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2010.

Soetjiningsih. Tumbuh kembang anak. Ranuh ING, editor. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC; 1995.

Campebell D, Stanley J. Experimental and quasi eksperimental for research. Chicago: Rand Mcnally College Publising Company; 1966.

Lemeshow S, Lwanga SK. Sample size determination in health studies. Geneva: WHO Library Cataloguing in Publication Data; 1991.

Zeng L, Dibley MJ, Cheng Y, Dang S, Chang S, Kong L, Yan H. Impact of micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy on birth weight, duration of gestation, and perinatal mortality in rural western China: double blind cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2008;337:a2001.

UNICEF & WHO. Low birth weight: country, regional and global estimates. New York: UNICEF; 2004.

Taslim NA, Karya EM, Hadju V. Pengaruh pemberian makanan tambahan dan tablet besi terhadap kadar hemoglobin ibu hamil yang menderita kurang energi kronik di Kabupaten Takalar, Sulawesi Selatan. Medical Nusantara 2006;26:24-9.

BPS. Penduduk berumur 15 tahun keatas menurut pendidikan tertinggi yang ditamatkan dan kegiatan seminggu yang lalu. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik Republik Indonesia; 2010.

Notoatmodjo S. Kesehatan masyarakat. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta; 2007.

UNICEF Indonesia. Gizi ibu dan anak. Ringkasan kajian UNICEF Indonesia. [series online] 2012 [cited 30 Januari 2013]. Available from: URL: http://www.unicef.org/indonesia/id/A6_-_B_Ringkasan_Kajian_Gizi.pdf

Adriani M, Wirjatmadi B. Peranan gizi dalam siklus kehidupan. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group; 2012.

Rao B, Aggarwal AK, Kumar R. Dietary intake in third trimester of pregnancy and prevalence of LBW: a community-based study in a rural area of Haryana. Indian J Community Med 2007;32(4):272-6.

Rahfiludin MZ, Julianti H, Wahyuni I. Hubungan asupan zat gizi makro dan mikro ibu hamil trimester III dengan status antropometri bayi lahir. Semarang: Universtas Diponegoro; 2004.

Razzaque A, Da Vanzo J, Rahman M, Gausia K, Hale L, Khan MA, Mustafa AH. Pregnancy spacing and maternal morbidity in Matlab, Bangladesh. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2005;89(Suppl 1):S41-9.

Conde-Agudelo A, Rosas-Bermúdez A, Kafury-Goeta AC. Birth spacing and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes: a meta-analysis. JAMA 2006;295(15):1809-23.

Azhar BS, Monirujjaman M, Islam KS, Afrin S, Hossain MS. Sex, conception interval, gestational age, apgar score, and anthropometric surrogates in relation to birth weight of Bangladeshi newborns: a cross-sectional study. ISRN Public Health, 2013. [series online] 2013 [cited 22 Januari 2014]. Available from: URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/405725

Katharina K, Oktaviani I. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi berat badan bayi lahir di Kabupaten Lampung Tengah tahun 2011. Jurnal Kesehatan 2011;IV(2).

Aswita. Pengaruh jarak antar-kehamilan dan metode kontrasepsi pil terhadap berat bayi lahir di Kabupaten Purworejo Jawa Tengah (Analisa Data Survailan LPKGM 1996 s/d 1998). Yogyakarta: Universitas Gajah Mada; 2010.

Rose W. Panduan lengkap perawatan kehamilan. Jakarta: Dian Rakyat; 2007.

Lubchenco LO, Hansman C, Dressler M, Boyd E. Intrauterine growth as estimated from liveborn birth-weight data at 24 to 42 weeks of gestation. Pediatrics 1963;32:793-800.

Yuliva, Ismail D, Rumekti D. Hubungan status pekerjaan ibu dengan berat lahir bayi di RSUP. Dr. M. Djamil Padang. Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat 2009;25(2):96-108.

Vliet GV, Liu S, Kramer MS. Decreasing sex difference in birth weight. Epidemiology 2009;20(4):622.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.18998