Korelasi asupan makronutrien dengan indeks massa tubuh, kadar gula darah, dan protein total darah pada pengguna narkoba

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.42623

Ginta Siahaan(1*), Tiarlince Bakara(2), Yusnita Yusnita(3), Kasmiyeti Kasmiyeti(4)

(1) Jurusan Gizi, Poltekkes Kemenkes Medan
(2) Jurusan Gizi, Poltekkes Kemenkes Medan
(3) Jurusan Gizi, Poltekkes Kemenkes Medan
(4) Jurusan Gizi, Poltekkes Kemenkes Padang
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Correlation of macronutrient intake with body mass index, blood sugar levels, and total blood protein in drug users

Background: Random blood sugar level and total blood protein need to be measured among drug users because their macronutrient intakes (carbohydrates, fat, protein, and energy) are not appropriate to the pattern of daily habits before uses drugs. Drug users had decreased appetite during the influence and withdrawal symptoms of drugs with the impacts on their body mass index (BMI). 

Objective: To analyze the correlation of macronutrient intakes between the random blood sugar level, total blood protein, and BMI drug users.

Methods: This research was conducted with a cross-sectional design and observational study. 73 drug users were included in the study with the screening by inclusion criteria. 24-hour food recall was used to collect the macronutrient intakes, random blood sugar levels and total blood protein were monitored by the GOD-PAP method, and BMI was measured by weight and height. Data analysis used Pearson’s correlation test in bivariate and multivariate was carried out by multiple linear regressions. 

Results: Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between macronutrient intakes (energy, carbohydrate, fat) with random blood sugar level, total blood protein, and BMI. BMI was the most affected by energy (β=0.531), random blood sugar level was the most affected by carbohydrates (β=0.073), and total blood protein was the most affected by protein (β=0.837).

Conclusions: Macronutrient intake is significantly related to BMI, random blood sugar levels, and total blood protein in drug users. Community collaboration with related parties such as the public health service and National Narcotics Agency will very quickly detect drug side effects early on eating disorders that will affect the nutritional status of its users.


Keywords


blood sugar levels; BMI; drug users; macronutrien; total protein

Full Text:

PDF


References

  1. Azmiyati SR. Gambaran penggunaan NAPZA pada anak jalanan di Kota Semarang. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat. 2014;9(2):137-43.
  2. Badan Narkotika Nasional (BNN). Laporan akhir survei nasional perkembangan penyalahgunaan narkoba tahun anggaran 2014. [series online] 2015 [cited Okt 2018]. Available from: URL: https://bnn.go.id/laporan-akhir-survei-nasional-perkembangan-penyalahguna-narkoba-tahun-anggaran-2014/
  3. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Narkoba dapat dicegah dan dapat direhabilitasi. [series online] 2014 [cited Okt 2018. Available from: URL: https://pusdatin.kemkes.go.id/download.php?file=download/pusdatin/buletin/buletin-napza.pdf
  4. Badan Narkotika Nasional (BNN). Data tindak pidana narkoba tahun 2007-2011. [series online] 2012 [cited Okt 2018]. Available from: URL: http://www.bnn.go.id
  5. Islam SKN, Hossain KJ, Afsaruddin A, Ahsan M. Nutritional status of drug addicts undergoing detoxification: prevalence of malnutrition and influence of illicit durgs and lifestyle. Br J Nutr. 2002;88(5):507-13. doi: 10.1079/BJN2002702
  6. Dalimunthe AN. Gambaran pola konsumsi pangan dan status gizi pada pecandu narkoba di Panti Sosial Parmadi Putra Insyaf Sumatera Utara tahun 2014 [Skripsi]. Medan: FKM Universitas Sumatera Utara; 2014.
  7. Almatsier S. Prinsip dasar ilmu gizi. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama; 2016.
  8. Ginta S, Siallagan RF, Purba R, Oppusungu R. Mikronutrien penyebab anemia pada pengguna narkoba di Medan Tembung. Media Gizi Indonesia. 2018;13(2):89-99. doi: 10.20473/mgi.v13i2.183-193
  9. Nasution Z. Menyelamatkan keluarga Indonesia dari bahaya narkoba. Bandung: Citrapustaka Media; 2014.
  10. Fitria F, Trisndhini RINKR, Mangimbulude JC, Karwur FF. Merokok dan oksidasi DNA. Sains Medika. 2013;5(2):113-20.
  11. American Dietetic Association, Dietitians of Canada, American College of Sports Medicine, Rodriguez NR, Marco NMD, Langley S. American College of Sports Medicine stand. Nutrition and athletic performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;41(3):709-31. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31890eb86
  12. Astuti NH. Merokok pintu masuk untuk penyalahgunaan narkoba jenis ganja. Arsip Kesehatan Masyarakat. 2016;(1):45-54.
  13. Wahyuningsih U, Ali K, Ekawidyani KR. Asupan zat gizi dan status anemia pada remaja laki-laki pengguna narkoba di lembaga permasyarakatan anak pria Tangerang. Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan. 2014;9(1):23-8.
  14. Ekawati FI. Hubungan antara keadaan depresi dengan status gizi pada penggguna opiat di pusat rehabilitasi narkoba [Skripsi]. Semarang: Universitas Diponegoro; 2009.
  15. Kurniawati DE, Warsini S, Marchira CR. Gambaran skrining keterlibatan penggunaan alkohol, rokok dan zat aditif pada mahasiswa D3 Fakultas Teknik. Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat. 2010;26(2):90.
  16. Pantjalina LE, Syafar M, Natsir S. Faktor mempengaruhi perilaku pecandu penyalahgunaan NAPZA Pada masa pemulihan di Rumah Sakit Jiwa Daerah ATMA Husada Mahakam Samarinda [Thesis]. Makassar: Universitas Hasanuddin; 2014.
  17. Florence AO, Beatrice O, Okpala PU, Oghale O. Prevalence of drug abuse amongst university students in Benin City, Nigeria. Public Health Research. 2016;6(2):31-7. doi: 10.5923/j.phr.20160602.01
  18. Syarif F, Tafal Z. Karakteristik remaja pengguna narkoba suntik dan perilaku berisiko HIV/AIDS di Kecamatan Ciledug Kota Tangerang. Kesmas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional. 2008;3(2):70-5. doi: 10.21109/kesmas.v3i2.232
  19. Shekarchizadeh H, Ekhtiari H, Khami MR, Virtanen JI. Patterns of pre-treatment drug abuse, drug treatment history and characteristics of addicts in methadone maintance treatment in Iran. Harm Reduct J. 2012;9:18. doi: 10.1186/1477-7517-9-18
  20. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Infodatin: Anti narkoba sedunia. [series online] 2017 [cited Januari 2019]. Available from: URL: http://www.depkes.go.id/resources/download/pusdatin/infodatin/infodatin narkoba 2017.pdf
  21. Afiatin T. Pencegahan penyalahgunaan NARKOBA dengan program AJI. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press; 2008.
  22. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Angka kecukupan gizi energi, protein yang dianjurkan bagi Bangsa Indonesia. Lampiran Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 75 Tahun 2013.
  23. Hossain KJ, Kamal MM, Ahsan M, Islam SKN. Serum antioxidant micromineral (Cu, Zn, Fe) status of drug dependent subjects: influence of illicit drugs and lifestyle. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2007;2(12). doi: 10.1186/1747-597X-2-12
  24. Nabyl RA. Panduan hidup sehat mencegah dan mengobati diabetes mellitus. Yogyakarta: Aulia Publishing; 2012.
  25. Barnes DE. Program olahraga: diabetes (Alih bahasa: Aburiyati). Yogyakarta: PT Citra Aji Parama; 2012.
  26. Ernawati F, Rosmalina Y, Permanasari Y. Pengaruh asupan protein ibu hamil dan panjang badan bayi lahir terhadap kejadian stunting pada anak usia 12 bulan di Kabupaten Bogor. Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan. 2013;36(1):1-11.
  27. Siahaan G, Nainggolan E, Lestrina D. Hubungan asupan zat gizi dengan trigliserida dan kadar glukosa darah pada vegetarian. Indonesian Journal of Human Nutrition. 2015;2(1):48-59. doi: 10.21776/ub.ijhn.2015.002.01.5
  28. Merryana A, Wirjatmadi B. Peranan gizi dalam siklus kehidupan. Jakarta: Kencana; 2014.
  29. Fidiani A. Kontribusi zat makro makan siang terhadap status gizi di SDIT Ar. Raihan Tritenggo Bantul Yogyakarta [Skripsi]. Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada; 2007.
  30. Linder MC. Biokimia nutrisi dan metabolisme. Jakarta: UI Press; 2010.
  31. Forrester JE, Tucker KL, Gorbach SL. The effect of drug abuse on body mass index in Hispanics with and without HIV infection. Public Health Nutr. 2005;8(1):61-8. doi: 10.1079/phn2005667
  32. Petry M N, Barry D. Associations between body mass index and substance use disorders differ by gender : results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Addict Behav. 2009;34(1):51-60. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2008.08.008
  33. Tsalissavrina I, Wahono D, Handayani D. Pengaruh pemberian diet tinggi karbohidrat dibandingkan diet tinggi lemak terhadap kadar trigliserida dan HDL darah pada Rattus novergicus Galur Wistar. Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya. 2006;22(2):80-9. doi: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2006.022.02.5
  34. Sutiari NK. Konsumsi, status gizi, dan kesehatan masyarakat vegetarian dan non-vegetarian di Bali [Thesis]. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor; 2008.
  35. Bawono MN. Kontrol hormon insulin dan glukagon dalam perubahan metabolisme selama latihan. [series online] 2012 [cited Okt 2018]. Avaible from: URL: http://pelangiilmu.jurnal.unesa.ac.id/bank/jurnal/artikeltugas.(M._Nur_Bawono)-Reeady.pdf
  36. Sinaga DMK, Hendra, Righo A. Hubungan antara status merokok dengan indeks massa tubuh pada pria di UPTD Puskesmas Kecamatan Pontianak Kota. Jurnal Proners. 2015;3(1).
  37. Mandangi F, Kawengian S, Pangemanan JM. Hubungan konsumsi alkohol dengan status gizi pada pria dewasa usia 30-40 tahun di Desa Kapoya Kecamatan Suluun Tereran Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan [Skripsi]. Manado: FKM Universitas Sam Ratulangi; 2012.
  38. Siahaan G. Effectiveness of the provision of snakehead fish nuggets and colored fruit extracts to blood protein (total protein, albumin, Hb) in PLHIV. J Phys.: Conf. Ser. 2020;1665:012026. doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1665/01/2026



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.42623

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 6330 | views : 8616

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2021 Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia (JGKI) Indexed by:
 
  

  free web stats View My Stats