Kejadian stunting ditinjau dari sosial demografi dan konsumsi ikan pada balita

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.82914

Fatmalina Febry(1*), Asmaripa Ainy(2), Elvi Sunarsih(3)

(1) Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Sriwijaya, Sumatera Selatan, Indonesia
(2) Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Sriwijaya, Sumatera Selatan, Indonesia
(3) Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Sriwijaya, Sumatera Selatan, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


A review of the socio-demographic characteristics and children fish consumption on stunting incidence

Background: Social demographics and protein intake are widely known to be related to stunting incidence. Fish, a source of complete and high-quality protein, contains essential amino acids and high digestibility protein so the body can absorb high amounts of protein. Fish contains nutrients that are very important for the growth and development of toddlers.

Objective: This research aims to determine the socio-demographic characteristics and consumption of fish and its processed products related to the stunting incidence in children aged 12-59 months.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from August to September 2022 at three health centers in Palembang City. A total of 120 toddlers aged 12-59 months, with 51.7% male and 48.3% female, were selected by purposive sampling.  The variables of this study were toddler characteristics (age, gender, and nutritional status), family characteristics (mother's education, mother's occupation, number of family members, and family income), family fish consumption (type of fish product, portion size, frequency of fish consumption). The study was conducted by interviews using a questionnaire and anthropometric measurements of toddlers. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test with a 95% confidence interval and p<0.05 significance level. 

Results: Lower education of mothers, working mothers, large families, high family incomes, consuming processed fish with less large portions, and often consuming fish had a higher percentage of stunting incidence. On the other hand, it was found that all variables were not significantly correlated to stunting in toddlers.

Conclusions: This study showed that socio-demographic variables and fish consumption were not significantly associated with stunting in children under five.


Keywords


fish consumption; social demography; stunting; toddlers

Full Text:

PDF


References

  1. Pusdatin. Situasi balita pendek (stunting) di Indonesia. Buletin Jendela Data dan Informasi Kesehatan. 2018;301(5).
  2. Galasso E, Wagstaff A. The aggregate income losses from childhood stunting and the returns to a nutrition intervention aimed at reducing stunting. Econ Hum Biol. 2019;34:225-238. doi: 10.1016/j.ehb.2019.01.010
  3. Sari DDP, Sukanto S, Marwa T, Bashir A. The causality between economic growth, poverty, and stunting: empirical evidence from Indonesia. Jurnal Perspektif Pembiayaan Dan Pembangunan Daerah. 2020;8(1):13-30. doi: 10.22437/ppd.v8i1.8834
  4. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Buku saku hasil Studi Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) tahun 2021. [series online] 2021 [cited 2022 Januari 30]. Available from: URL: https://www.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/buku-saku-hasil-studi-status-gizi-indonesia-ssgi-tahun-2021/
  5. de Onis M, Borghi E, Arimond M, Webb P, Croft T, Flores-Ayala R, et al. Prevalence thresholds for wasting, overweight and stunting in children under 5 years. Public Health Nutr. 2019;22(1):175-179. doi: 10.1017/S1368980018002434
  6. Kementerian Hukum dan HAM RI. Peraturan Presiden Nomor 18 Tahun 2020 tentang Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional tahun 2020-2024. [series online] 2020 [cited 2022 Januari 30]. Available from: URL: https://jdih.bappenas.go.id/peraturan/detailperaturan/1037/peraturan-presiden-nomor-18-tahun-2020
  7. Hammoudeh W, Halileh S, Hogan D. Determinants of stunting in children younger than 5 years between 2006 and 2010 in the occupied Palestinian territory: a cross-sectional study. Lancet. 2013;382:S16. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(13)62588-x
  8. Mzumara B, Bwembya P, Halwiindi H, Mugode R, Banda J. Factors associated with stunting among children below five years of age in Zambia: evidence from the 2014 Zambia demographic and health survey. BMC Nutr. 2018;4:51. doi: 10.1186/s40795-018-0260-9
  9. Sari IP, Ardillah Y, Rahmiwati A. Berat bayi lahir dan kejadian stunting pada anak usia 6-59 bulan di Kecamatan Seberang Ulu I Palembang. Jurnal Gizi Indonesia. 2020;8(2):110-8. doi: 10.14710/jgi.8.2.110-118
  10. PD Sari, N Fanny, R Kristyadi. Relationship between education of toddler mother and stunting events in Posyandu Arumdalu VIII Ngronggah Baru in 2019. Proceeding of the 1st International Conference Health, Science And Technology (ICOHETECH). [series online] 2019 [cited 2022 Januari 30]. Available from: URL: https://ojs.udb.ac.id/index.php/icohetech/issue/view/110
  11. Rohmawati N, Antika RB. Risk factors stunting incidence in children aged 6-36 months in Jember Regency. UNEJ e-Proceeding. 2018;128-136.
  12. Yanti T, Fauziah D. The effect of family income on stunting incident in preschool children at Bogor city during COVID-19 pandemic. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development. 2021;12(2):407-12.
  13. Inzaghi E, Pampanini V, Deodati A, Cianfarani S. The effects of nutrition on linear growth. Nutrients. 2022;14(9):1752. doi: 10.3390/nu14091752
  14. Kaimila Y, Divala O, Agapova SE, Stephenson KB, Thakwalakwa C, Maleta KM, et al. Consumption of animal-source protein is associated with improved height-for-age z scores in Rural Malawian children aged 12-36 months. Nutrients. 2019;11(2):480. doi: 10.3390/nu11020480
  15. Afiah N, Asrianti T, Muliyana D, Risva. Rendahnya konsumsi protein hewani sebagai faktor risiko kejadian stunting pada balita di Kota Samarinda. Nutrire Diaita. 2020;12(1):23-28. doi: 10.47007/nut.v12i01.3115
  16. Ernawati F, Prihatini M, Yunestia A. Gambaran konsumsi protein nabati dan hewani pada anak balita stunting dan gizi kurang di Indonesia. Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan. 2016;39(2):95-102.
  17. Supariasa IDN, Bakri B, Fajar I. Penilaian status gizi. Jakarta: EGC; 2020.
  18. Ramlah, Eddy S, Hasyim Z, Hasan MS. Perbandingan kandungan gizi ikan nila Oreochromis niloticus asal danau Mawang Kabupaten Gowa dan danau Universitas Hassanuddin Kota Makassar. Bioma: Jurnal Biologi Makassar. 2016;1(1):39-46.
  19. Food And Agriculture Organization (FAO). The state of world fisheries and aquaculture. [series online] 2014 [cited 2022 Januari 30]. Available from: URL: https://www.fao.org/fishery/en/publication/66711
  20. Ngaisyah DR, Rohman A. Effect of fish consumption as a local food alternative for the reduction of stunting in toddlers. Pakistan J Nutr. 2019;18(5):496-500. doi: 10.3923/pjn.2019.496.500
  21. Ermasari, Khairi I, Akbardiansyah, Ukhty N. Pendapatan, angka konsumsi ikan, jenis ikan yang dikonsumsi dan kejadian stunting di Desa Tanah Bara Kecamatan Gunung Meriah Kabupaten Aceh Singkil. Jurnal Perikanan Terpadu. 2022;3(2):5-11. doi: 10.35308/jupiter.v3i2.5610
  22. Rachim ANF, Pratiwi R. Hubungan konsumsi ikan terhadap kejadian stunting pada anak usia 2-5 tahun. Jurnal Kedokteran Diponegoro. 2017;6(1):36-45.
  23. Utami NH, Mubasyiroh R. Keragaman makanan dan hubungannya dengan status gizi balita: analisis Survei Konsumsi Makanan Individu (SKMI). Gizi Indonesia. 2020;43(1):37-48. doi: 10.36457/gizindo.v43i1.467
  24. Barqin GA, Sitoayu L, Jus’ at I, Melani V, Nuzrina R. Analisis determinan program kadarzi pada keluarga balita di Kecamatan Cihara, Banten. Journal of Nutrition College. 2020;9(3):187-96. doi: 10.14710/jnc.v9i3.27382
  25. Pemerintah Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Keputusan Gubernur Sumatera Selatan No. 853/KPTS/DISNAKERTRANS/2021 tentang Upah Minimum Kota Palembang Tahun 2022. [series online] 2021 [cited 2022 Januari 30]. Available from: URL: https://jdih.sumselprov.go.id/produk-hukum-detail/8675
  26. de Onis M, Onyango AW, Borghi E, Siyam A, Nishida C, Siekmann J. Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents. Bull World Health Organ. 2007;85(9):660-7. doi: 10.2471/blt.07.043497
  27. Gladys A, Fikawati S. Analisis faktor-faktor risiko terhadap kejadian stunting pada balita (0-59 bulan) di negara berkembang dan Asia Tenggara. Media Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatatan. 2018;28(4):247-56.
  28. Rusyantia A. Hubungan kebiasaan konsumsi ikan dan asupan protein hewani dengan kejadian stunting batita di Pulau Pasaran Kotamadya Bandar Lampung. Jurnal Surya Medika. 2018;4(1):67–71. doi: 10.33084/jsm.v4i1.352
  29. Bukit DS, Keloko AM, Ashar T. Deskripsi Pengetahuan dan Pekerjaan Ibu Terkait Penanggulangan Stunting di Desa Tuntungan 2 Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Tropical Public Health Journal. 2021;7(2):67-71.
  30. Iqbal M, Yustian I, Setiawan A, Setiawan D. Ikan-Ikan di Sungai Musi dan Pesisir Timur Sumatera Selatan. Palembang: Yayasan Kelompok Pengamat Burung Spirit of South Sumatra; 2018.
  31. Scheffler C, Hermanussen M, Soegianto SDP, Homalessy AV, Touw SY, Pulungan AB, et al. Stunting as a synonym of social disadvantage and poor parental education. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(3):1350. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18031350
  32. Jeong J, Kim R, Subramanian SV. How consistent are associations between maternal and paternal education and child growth and development outcomes across 39 low-income and middle-income countries?. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2018 May;72(5):434-41. doi: 10.1136/jech-2017-210102
  33. Husnaniyah D, Yulyanti D, Rudiansyah. Hubungan tingkat pendidikan ibu dengan kejadian stunting. Indonesian Journal of Health Science. 2020;12(1):57-64. doi: 10.32528/ijhs.v12i1.4857
  34. Mentari S, Hermansyah A. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan status stunting anak usia 24-59 bulan di wilayah kerja UPK puskesmas Siantan Hulu. Pontianak Nutrition Journal. 2018;1(1):1-5. doi: 10.30602/pnj.v1i1.275
  35. Trisyani K, Fara YD, Mayasari AT, Abdullah. Hubungan faktor ibu dengan kejadian stunting. Jurnal Maternitas Aisyah. 2020;1(3):189-97.
  36. Maywita E. Determinan pengaruh tingkat pendidikan dan pengetahuan ibu dengan kejadian stunting bayi 6-24 bulan. Human Care Journal. 2019;4(3):173-7. doi: 10.32883/hcj.v4i3.557
  37. Agustiningrum T, Rokhanawati D. Hubungan karakteristik ibu dengan kejadian stunting pada balita usia 24-59 bulan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Wonosari I. [Skripsi]. Yogyakarta: Universitas ’Aisyiyah Yogyakarta; 2016.
  38. Haris A, Fitri A, Kalsum U. Determinan kejadian stunting dan underweight pada balita suku anak dalam di Desa Nyogan kabupaten Muaro Jambi tahun 2019. Jurnal Kesmas Jambi. 2019;3(1):41-54.
  39. Martony O, Lestrina D, Amri Z. Pemberdayaan ibu untuk perbaikan pola konsumsi ikan terhadap peningkatan asupan protein, kalsium, zink dan z-score tinggi badan menurut umur pada anak stunting. Jurnal Keperawatan Silampari. 2020;3(2):672-86.
  40. Setyawati E, Nurasmi, Irnawati. Studi analisis zat gizi biskuit fungsional subtitusi tepung kelor dan tepung ikan gabus. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada. 2021;10(1):94-104.
  41. Asrari S, Husna A, Khairi I. Angka konsumsi ikan, cara pengolahan ikan dan prevalensi stunting di Desa Kuta Blang, Kecamatan Samadua, Kabupaten Aceh Selatan. Acta Aquatica: Aquatic Sciences Journal. 2022;9(2):116-9.
  42. Daroedono E. Konsumsi ikan dan potensi anisakiasis: aspek komunikasi kesehatan masyarakat suatu program pemerintah. Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran. 2019;13(1):4-13.
  43. Hartaty N, Yuswardi. Pengetahuan keluarga tentang ‘gemarikan’ dalam pencegahan stunting di Kota Banda Aceh. Idea Nursing Journal. 2020;11(1):55-9.
  44. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, Peraturan Kementrian Kesehatan No. 41 Tahun 2014 tentang Pedoman Gizi Seimbang. Jakarta, 2014.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.82914

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 602 | views : 573

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2025 Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia (JGKI) Indexed by:
 
  

  free
web stats View My Stats