Faktor determinan risiko kardiometabolik pada remaja usia 15-18 tahun

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.90010

Budiyanti Wiboworini(1), Amalina Shabrina(2*), Yulia Lanti Retno Dewi(3), Amelya Augusthina Ayu Sari(4), Sutartinah Sri Handayani(5), Kusmadewi Eka Damayanti(6), Aisyah Azzahrah(7), Vivienne Tjung(8)

(1) Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia
(2) Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia
(3) Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia
(4) Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia
(5) Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia
(6) Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia
(7) Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia
(8) Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Determinant factors of cardiometabolic risk in adolescents aged 15-18 years

Background: Cardiometabolic diseases are increasing worldwide, and the risk of developing them starts as early as adolescence. In the long term, they may lead to comorbidities. Evidence suggests the risk factors of cardiometabolic diseases among adolescents are obesity, excessive food intake, socioeconomic status, breakfast habits, and physical activity, among others.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the determinants of cardiometabolic risk in adolescents aged 15-18.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in Al-Abidin High School Surakarta with 146 study subjects. Cardiometabolic risks were classified using Cardiometabolic Disease Staging (CMDS), waist circumference was measured with Medline, physical activity was measured using a Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQA), and blood pressure was measured with a sphygmomanometer. Socioeconomic, transportation, and breakfast habits were obtained from the general questionnaire. Chi-square, ANOVA, and logistic regression were then performed using SPSS 23.

Results: Gender was significantly associated with cardiometabolic risk (p=0.001). A total of 41.3% of boys were at risk of cardiometabolic (OR=3.964). Socioeconomic, breakfast habits, transportation, and physical activity were not associated with cardiometabolic risk (p>0.05).

Conclusion: Boys 15 – 18 years were at a higher risk of cardiometabolic, by 3.694 times greater than girls. Socioeconomic status, breakfast habits, transportation, and physical activity were not correlated with cardiometabolic risk among adolescents.


Keywords


adolescents; breakfast; cardiometabolic risk; physical activity; socioeconomic; transportation

Full Text:

PDF


References

  1. Cheng X, Ma T, Ouyang F, Zhang G, Bai Y. Trends in the prevalence of cardiometabolic multimorbidity in the United States, 1999-2018. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(8):4726. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19084726
  2. Barstad LH, Juliusson PB, Johnson LK, Hertel JK, Lekhal S, Hjelmesaeth J. Gender-related differences in cardiometabolic risk factors and lifestyle behaviors in treatment-seeking adolescents with severe obesity. BMC Pediatr. 2018;18(1):61. doi: 10.1186/s12887-018-1057-3
  3. Guo F, Moellering DR, Garvey WT. The progression of cardiometabolic disease: validation of a new cardiometabolic disease staging system applicable to obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2014;22(1):110-8. doi: 10.1002/oby.20585
  4. Quinn RC, Campisi SC, McCrindle BW, Korczak DJ. Adolescent cardiometabolic risk scores: a scoping review. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2022;32(12):2669-76. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.08.022
  5. WHO. Adolescent health. [series online] 2023 [cited 2023 Desember 21]. Available from: URL: https://www.who.int/health-topics/adolescent-health#tab=tab_1
  6. Letswalo BP, Schmid-Zalaudek K, Brix B, Matjuda EN, Klosz F, Obernhumer N, et al. Cardiometabolic risk factors and early indicators of vascular dysfunction: a cross-sectional cohort study in South African adolescents. BMJ Open. 2021;11(3):e042955. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042955
  7. Hurlock E. Developmental psychology. India: McGraw-Hill Education; 2001.
  8. Sawyer SM, Azzopardi PS, Wickremarathne D, Patton GC. The age of adolescence. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2018;2(3):223-8. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(18)30022-1
  9. Soltero EG, Navabi N, Vander Wyst KB, Hernandez E, Castro FG, Ayers SL, et al. Examining 24-hour activity and sleep behaviors and related determinants in latino adolescents and young adults with obesity. Health Educ Behav. 2022;49(2):291-303. doi: 10.1177/10901981211054789
  10. Sattar N, Gill JMR, Alazawi W. Improving prevention strategies for cardiometabolic disease. Nat Med. 2020;26:320-5. doi: 10.1038/s41591-020-0786-7
  11. Iqbal K, Schwingshackl L, Gottschald M, Knuppel S, Stelmach-Mardas M, Aleksandrova K, et al. Breakfast quality and cardiometabolic risk profiles in an upper middle-aged German population. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2017;71(11):1312-20. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2017.116
  12. Shabrina A, Islamiyah F, Susanti W. Skipping breakfast correlates with the incidence of overweight and obesity among young adults. Jurnal Kesehatan. 2023;16(3):334-42. doi: 10.23917/jk.v16i3.2420
  13. Lorenzo E, Szeszulski J, Shin CN, Todd M, Lee RE. Relationship between walking for active transportation and cardiometabolic health among adults: a systematic review. J Transp Health. 2020;19. doi: 10.1016/j.jth.2020.100927
  14. Patterson R, Webb E, Hone T, Millett C, Laverty AA. Associations of public transportation use with cardiometabolic health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Epidemiol. 2019;188(4):785-95. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwz012
  15. Bull F, Goenka S, Lambert V, Pratt M. Physical activity for the prevention of cardiometabolic disease. In: Prabhakaran D, Anand S, Gaziano TA, Mbanya JC, Wu Y, Nugent R, editors. Cardiovascular, respiratory, and related disorders. 3rd ed. Washington (DC): The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank; 2017. doi: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0518-9
  16. Jones-Smith JC, Gordon-Larsen P, Siddiqi A, Popkin BM. Cross-national comparisons of time trends in overweight inequality by socioeconomic status among women using repeated cross-sectional surveys from 37 developing countries, 1989-2007. Am J Epidemiol. 2011;173(6):667-75. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwq428
  17. Lemeshow S, Taber S. Lot quality assurance sampling: single- and double-sampling plans. World Health Stat Q. 1991;44(3):115-32.
  18. Kowalski KC, Crocker PR, Donen RM. The physical activity questionnaire for older children (PAQ-C) and adolescents (PAQ-A) manual. Canada: College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan; 2004.
  19. Erwinanto D. Hubungan antara tingkat aktivitas fisik dengan kebugaran jasmani siswa SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Wates [Skripsi]. Yogyakarta: Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta; 2017.
  20. Dahlan S. Statistik untuk kedokteran dan kesehatan. Jakarta: Salemba Medika; 2011.
  21. Li Y, Xie H, Liu B, Elaiho C, Vangeepuram N. Sex differences in diet and physical activity behaviors among racial/ethnic minority adolescents with high metabolic risk. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2023. doi: 10.1007/s40615-023-01880-3
  22. Isasi CR, Parrinello CM, Ayala GX, Delamater AM, Perreira KM, Daviglus ML, et al. Sex differences in cardiometabolic risk factors among Hispanic/Latino Youth. J Pediatr. 2016;176:121-7.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.05.037
  23. Skinner AC, Perrin EM, Moss LA, Skelton JA. Cardiometabolic risks and severity of obesity in children and young adults. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(14):1307-17. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1502821
  24. Chang E, Varghese M, Singer K. Gender and sex differences in adipose tissue. Curr Diab Rep. 2018;18(9):69. doi: 10.1007/s11892-018-1031-3
  25. Meloni A, Cadeddu C, Cugusi L, Donataccio MP, Deidda M, Sciomer S, et al. Gender differences and cardiometabolic risk: the importance of the risk factors. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(2):1588. doi: 10.3390/ijms24021588
  26. Carvalho GX, Nunes APN, Moraes CL, Veiga GVD. Body image dissatisfaction and associated factors in adolescents. Cien Saude Colet. 2020;25(7):2769-82. doi: 10.1590/1413-81232020257.27452018
  27. Hao Z, Wang M, Zhu Q, Li J, Liu Z, Yuan L, et al. Association between socioeconomic status and prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk factors: a cross-sectional study on residents in North China. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022;9:698895. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.698895
  28. Souza MR, Neves MEA, Gorgulho BM, Souza AM, Nogueira PS, Ferreira MG, et al. Breakfast skipping and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents: systematic review. Rev Saude Publica. 2021;55:107. doi: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2021055003077
  29. Ricotti R, Caputo M, Monzani A, Pigni S, Antoniotti V, Bellone S, et al. Breakfast skipping, weight, cardiometabolic risk, and nutrition quality in children and adolescents: a systematic review of randomized controlled and intervention longitudinal trials. Nutrients. 2021;13(10):3331. doi: 10.3390/nu13103331
  30. Marangoni F, Martini D, Scaglioni S, Sculati M, Donini LM, Leonardi F, et al. Snacking in nutrition and health. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2019;70(8):909-23. doi: 10.1080/09637486.2019.1595543



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.90010

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 293 | views : 145

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia (JGKI) Indexed by:
 
  

  free web stats View My Stats