Pelepasan Ion Nikel pada Braket Stainless Steel Baru dan Daur Ulang dalam Saliva Buatan (Pemeriksaan Laboratorium)

Abstract

        Braket selalu berada dalam rongga mulut selama perawatan ortodontik sehingga terjadi interaksi braket dengan lingkungannya. Salah satu kriteria yang harus dipenuhi oleh braket ortodontik adalah memiliki biokompatibilitas yang baik dan daya tahan yang tinggi terhadap korosi. Produk utama hasil proses korosi yang paling merugikan bagi tubuh adalah ion nikel. Pelepasan ion nikel pada braket dipengaruhi oleh komposisi kandungan logam, metode
pembuatan serta lingkungan dalam mulut.
        Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pelepasan ion nikel pada braket stainless steel baru dan daur ulang setelah dilakukan perendaman pada saliva buatan pH 5. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental laboratoris. Sampel yang digunakan berjumlah 48 braket stainless steel untuk gigi premolar, dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok I braket baru dan kelompok II braket daur ulang kemudian dilakukan perendaman pada saliva buatan pH 5 selama satu minggu. Data hasil penelitian ini kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji-T. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan besar pelepasan ion nikel antara braket stainless steel baru terhadap braket stainless steel daur ulang yang direndam pada saliva buatan pH 5. Braket stainless steel daur ulang melepaskan ion nikel lebih besar dari braket stainless steel baru.

Abstract
        During the orthodontic treatment, bracket always contacts with oral environtment, so that there is interaction between both of them. Because of that, orthodontic bracket should have a good biocompatibility to the oral environment as well as high resistancy to corrosion. Nickel ion is the main products of corrosion that could harm human body. Its release is influenced by metal content composition, manufacturing method, and oral environment.
       The aim of this study was to determine the differences in nickel ion release among four new and recycled stainless steel bracket brands and also to understand wether there is an intreraction among the brand of bracket, the recycling process and the immersing in artificial saliva of 5 and 6,7 pH to the amount of nickel ion release.
       The sample consisted of 96 stainless steel brackets for premolar teeth, taken from four bracket brands divided into two groups, i.e., group I the new brackets and group II the recycled brackets. Each group was then divided into two sub-groups, namely those immersed in the artificial saliva of 5 and 6.7 pH values, respectively. The collected data were then analyzed by means of three-way analysis of variance and multiple comparison methods.
       The results of the study showed that there was significant difference in nickel ion release among four stainless steel bracket brands (p < 0.05). There was also significant difference in nickel ion release between the new and recycled stainless steel brackets (p < 0.05). There was significant difference in nickel ion release between stainless steel brackets immersed in artificial saliva of 5 and 6.7 pH values (p<,0,05). There was also significant interacting influence of bracket brands, recycling and immersing in artificial saliva of 5 and 6.7 pH values on the nickel ion release (p <0.05). Conclusion, the study showed that there was significant differences in nickel ion release among four stainless steel bracket brands. There was also significant difference in nickel ion release between the new and recycled stainless steel brackets. There was significant difference in nickel ion release between stainless steel brackets immersed in artificial saliva of 5 and 6.7 pH values. There was also significant interacting influence of bracket brands, recycling and immersing in artificial saliva of 5 and 6.7 pH values on the nickel ion release.