Pengaruh Kandungan Surfactant Non-Ionik dalam NaOCl pada Irigasi dengan Teknik Manual, Sonik dan Endovac terhadap Kebersihan Sepertiga Apikal Permukaan Saluran Akar

Abstract

Cleaning the root canal is done through root canal preparation using a mechanical instrument with irrigation using irrigation solution. Irrigation is an essential part of the root canal treatment, especially because of the difficulty of the mechanical preparation to reach the entire root canal walls. Irrigation solution most widely used is NaOCl. The addition of surface active agent (surfactant) in NaOCl solution can improve the effectiveness of irrigation. Irrigation techniques used also determine the effectiveness of the irrigation solution. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the combination of the addition of non-ionic surfactant
in NaOCl with manual, sonic and EndoVac irrigation techniques on apical third of the root canal surface cleanliness.

This study used 30 mandibular premolars, which were divided into 3 groups: I irrigated using manual techniques, II irrigated using sonic techniques, III irrigated using EndoVac. Each group was divided into two small groups, namely group IA, IIA, and IIIA irrigated with NaOCl, whereas the IB group, IIB and IIIB irrigated with NaOCl containing non-ionic surfactant. In the last irrigation after root canal preparation was completed, each of the teeth was irrigated with irrigation techniques and solutions in accordance  with the group later split into two with the buccal-lingual direction. Apical third of the root canal cleanliness of debris and smear layer  was observed by Scanning Electron Microscope. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Mann-Whitney test.

The results showed there was influence between the content of non-ionic surfactant in NaOCl and irrigation techniques to  apical third of the root canal surface cleanliness of debris and smear layer. The content of non-ionic surfactant in NaOCl improved irrigation effectiveness in cleaning the apical third of the root canal surface from debris and smear layer.The sonic and EndoVac irrigation techniques were more effective than manual irrigation techniques, but use of NaOCl containing non-ionic surfactant would increase the effectiveness of the manual irrigation techniques as effective as sonic and EndoVac irrigation techniques.