STUDI EFEKTIVITAS PENERAPAN KEBIJAKAN PERDA KOTA TENTANG KAWASAN TANPA ROKOK (KTR) DALAM UPAYA MENURUNKAN PEROKOK AKTIF DI SUMATERA BARAT TAHUN 2013

Abstract

Background: Area free from tobacco (AFT) policy is the only
effective and inexpensive way to protect the public from the
dangers of second hand smoke. In West Sumatra there are
three cities that have local regulation on this, namely Padang,
Panjang Padang, and Payakumbuh, but in reality the policy has
not been able to reduce the active smokers. This study aims to
determine the effectiveness of AFT policy in reducing smokers
active beside its effectiveness to protect the public from the
dangers of second hand smoker in West Sumatera.
Methods: The study was conducted with the method, a mix
of quantitative and qualitative research with explanatory design.
Data collection was conducted in the city of Padang, Padang
Panjang and Payakumbuh. Quantitative data from 100 persons
were collected using a questionnaire, while the qualitative
data was collected through in-depth interviews. Informants in
each city are representatives of Department of Health,
professional organizations, community leaders, smokers and
focus group discussions. Some secondary data are obtained
through documents review related to the implementation of
AFT. The quantitative data is analysed using univariate analysis,
and the qualitative data is analysed using content analysis.
Results: Based on the quantitative data it can be seen that in
three cities in West Sumatera the smoker rate are 59%. In
Padang Panjang, the regulation has been proceeded succesfuly
due to the commitment of the Mayor and the legislative parlement
in implementing the policies that there should not be any tobacco
advertising as well as sanctions for smokers, especially for
employees who smoke at the office or at school, according to
the law no. 8/2009; suf ficient funds are available for
socialization and supervision AFT, a total of Rp75.000.000,00
collected from tobbacco fundation and Rp24.000.000,00 from
the budget. In Payakumbuh there is also the commitment of the
Mayor and the support of the Health Department according to
the Regulation of Area Free tobbacco no 15/2011. Establishment
of Supervisory Team for AFT with funds allocated for
socialization and supervision, a total amount of
Rp341.278.129,00. Padang has not yet applying the AFT policy
in government offices and schools, only in private sector such
as bank. Tobacco advertising still exists and there is no sanction
for smokers despite the existing Regulation No. AFF 14/2011
with accompanying funds provided Rp85.000.000,00.
The study shows that the majority (60%) public opinion support
the implementation of AFT. Some (51%) of the public say that
AFT is effective enough to reduce active smoker, over half of
respondents thought AFT should apply to a particular location.
According to 59% of respondents, smoking in public places
should be given sanction. In Padang Panjang there is a
monitoring service via SMS and phone to report breach of the
regulation so that the Mayor may impose sanctions. In
Payakumbuh a similar system exist through reports and spot
checks. Violaters of the regulation are given sanction by the
mayor. In Padang city, sanctions have not been given. The
local government regulation in banning advertising and
promotion of cigarettes is implemented in two cities, the city of
Padang Panjang and Payakumbuh. Some factors that affect
the implementation of AFT are dependent on the commitment
and the role of District mayor, as well as the need for community
empowerment..
Conclusion: It is concluded that the AFT policy without the
commitment and support of all parties to the implementation of
AFT difficult. AFT can be effective to protect the second hand
smokers and it has potential to reduce active smokers.
Keywords: Effective, AFT Policy, Reducing active smokers.