Evaluasi Besaran Alokasi DAK Bidang Kesehatan Subbidang Pelayanan Kefarmasian Tahun 2011 – 2012
Risca Ardhyaningtyas(1*), Laksono Trisnantoro(2), Retna Siwi Padmawati(3)
(1) Biro Perencanaan dan Anggaran Kementerian Kesehatan RI, Jakarta
(2) Program Studi Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(3) Program Studi Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Background: In this era of decentralization , access and provision of drugs for people in the local area is the responsi- bility of local governments. Because the limitations of the local budget, the central government is obliged to guarantee the availability of drugs in the area. Financing sources of drugs from central and local government have not reached the stan- dard of WHO i.e. 2 dollars per capita. To cover demand of financing drug, a Specific Allocation Fund (DAK) proposed state budget that funds given to certain areas to fund special activities that are regional affairs and in accordance with na- tional priorities. General criteria to consider certain areas (re- gional fiscal capacity), specific criteria (regional characteris- tics) and technical criteria (policy formulation from Ministry of Health). Since drug financing is allocated in DAK in 2010, there is a need to evaluate the drug financing at the local level. The purpose: to evaluate the amount of DAK for Pharma- ceutical services in 2011 and 2012. Methods: The study used secondary data from 2010 and 2011 consist of 6 (six) factors: fiscal capacity, character of the area, population number, proportion of poverty , local bud- get for drugs and prediction for the remaining stock of the drug. The analysis statistics uses chi-square and multiple regression. Qualitative interviews is conducted with manag- ers of pharmacy in 2 districts with high financial capability. Results: Result from multiple regression test of the 6 factors used in the allocation of SAF 2011 and 2012 shows only 3 factors that really affects the allocation which are the number of population, the poor and the prediction of the remaining stock of the drug . However, the highest factor is the popula- tion. Result for qualitative with 2 respondents shows that since they got DAK they reduced local budget for drugs, because the drug financing is sufficient from DAK. Conclusion: local sense of ownership towards the health budget in the area is low resulting in reliance on the central health budget. The effeciency of the central budget causes reduction of health budget both in central and local level.
Latar belakang: Dalam era desentralisasi ini, akses dan penyediaan obat bagi masyarakat di daerah menjadi tanggung jawab pemerintah daerah. Namun keterbatasan anggaran daerah maka pemerintah pusat berkewajiban menjamin ketersediaan obat di daerah. Sumber pembiayaan obat di daerah melalui APBN dan APBD belum mencapai standar WHO, 2 dol- lar per kapita. Untuk menutupi kekurangan pembiayaan obat, diusulkan DAK yaitu dana APBN yang diberikan kepada daerah tertentu untuk mendanai kegiatan khusus yang merupakan urusan daerah dan sesuai dengan prioritas nasional. Daerah tertentu mempertimbangkan kriteria umum (kemampuan fiskal daerah), kriteria khusus (karakteristik daerah) dan kriteria teknis (rumusan kebijakan Kementerian Kesehatan). Sejak kebijakan obat melalui DAK pada tahun 2010, perlu dilakukan evaluasi besaran DAK Bidang Kesehatan untuk Kefarmasian tahun 2011 dan 2012. Tujuan: tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan evaluasi besaran DAK Bidang Kesehatan untuk Kefarmasian 2011 dan 2012. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan data sekunder 2010 dan 2011 yang terdiri 6 faktor yaitu; kemampuan fiskal, karakter wilayah, jumlah penduduk, penduduk miskin, anggaran obat dalam APBD dan prediksi sisa stok obat untuk pengalokasian DAK 2011 dan 2012. Uji analisis menggunakan chi square dan multipel regresi. Kualitatif dengan wawancara pengelola farmasi di 2 kabupaten dengan kemampuan keuangan tinggi. Hasil: Dari uji multiple regresi terhadap 6 faktor yang digunakan dalam pengalokasian DAK 2011 dan 2012 hanya 3 yang mempengaruhi alokasi yaitu jumlah penduduk, penduduk miskin dan prediksi sisa stok obat. Namun yang paling tinggi adalah jumah penduduk. Untuk kualitatif pada 2 responden, sejak mendapat DAK terjadi pengurangan anggaran obat di APBD, karena pembiayaan obat cukup dengan DAK. Kesimpulan: daerah belum memahami ownership anggaran kesehatan di daerah sehingga masih mengandalkan anggaran dari pusat, dimana ketidakstabilan anggaran pusat dengan ef isiensi menyebabkan pemotongan merata anggaran kesehatan di pusat dan daerah.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jkki.36379
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