Review Kebijakan Penanganan COVID-19 di Kota Surakarta dengan Pendekatan Segitiga Kebijakan dan Analisis SWOT
Ayu Khoirotul Umaroh(1*), Candra Kirana Mustahziyin(2), Paramita Boni Lestari(3), Zulfa Kevaladandra(4), Hadi Pratomo(5)
(1) Universitas Indonesia
(2) Universitas Indonesia
(3) Universitas Indonesia
(4) Universitas Indonesia
(5) Universitas Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Pendahuluan: COVID-19 merupakan permasalahan serius yang berdampak multi-sektor. Berbagai kebijakan telah ditetapkan untuk mengatasi COVID-19 baik di tingkat pusat maupun Kota Surakarta. Tujuan: Mengidentifikasi kebijakan lintas sektor terkait COVID-19 di Kota Surakarta, membandingkan kecepatan respon kebijakan dengan pusat, dan memberikan rekomendasi model strategi. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan Rapid Analysis dengan Media Content Analysis dengan data sekunder berupa kebijakan COVID-19 Kota Surakarta pada sektor pemerintahan, sosial, kesehatan, ekonomi, pendidikan, dan keagamaan, periode Maret-Mei 2020, dan dapat diakses publik melalui situs dan akun media sosial resmi pemerintah, media lokal dan nasional. Analisis dilakukan dengan model segitiga kebijakan dan SWOT. Hasil: Terdapat 22 kebijakan dengan aktor Walikota Surakarta, Dinas Pendidikan, dan Kementerian Agama Kota Surakarta serta konteks meliputi keenam sektor tersebut. Dirumuskan 5 model strategi utama: (1) Membentuk kebijakan turunan terkait sanksi pelanggaran; (2) Membentuk dan mensosialisasikan buku pedoman untuk masyarakat meliputi pencegahan dan penanggulangan COVID-19 beserta edukasi hukum; (3) Memfokuskan strategi pada pemberdayaan masyarakat dengan kerjasama stakeholder lain; (4) Membentuk situs/aplikasi khusus sebagai sarana informasi dan komunikasi risiko; dan (5) Memformulasikan kebijakan pada sektor ekonomi kreatif. Kesimpulan: Pemkot Surakarta telah responsif menetapkan kebijakan derivatif yang selaras dengan pemerintah pusat. Pemkot Surakarta dapat mengaplikasikan 5 model strategi utama untuk meningkatkan keberhasilan implementasi kebijakan.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Wu YC, Chen CS, Chan YJ. The Outbreak of COVID-19: An overview. J Chinese Med Assoc [Internet]. 2020;83(3):217–20. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1097/JCMA.0000000000000270
WHO. Coronavirus Disease COVID-2019: Situation Report - 148 [Internet]. World Health Organization. 2020. Tersedia pada: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports
Gugus Tugas Percepatan Penanganan Covid-19. Peta Sebaran Covid-19 di Indonesia [Internet]. covid19.go.id. 2020. Tersedia pada: https://covid19.go.id/peta-sebaran
Solopos. Awas! Solo Zona Merah Covid-19 di Jateng. Solopos.com [Internet]. 12 April 2020 [dikutip 17 Juni 2020]; Tersedia pada: https://m.solopos.com/awas-solo-zona-merah-covid-19-di-jateng-1057815
Pemerintah Kota Surakarta. Situasi Covid-19 Kota Surakarta [Internet]. surakarta.go.id. 2020 [dikutip 16 Juni 2020]. Tersedia pada: https://surakarta.go.id/
medcom.id. Solo Alami Deflasi Tertinggi Imbas Pandemi Korona [Internet]. medcom.id. Surakarta; 2020 [dikutip 16 Juli 2020]. Tersedia pada: https://www.medcom.id/ekonomi/bisnis/GNG40Zpb-solo-alami-deflasi-tertinggi-imbas-pandemi-korona
Viner RM, Russell SJ, Croker H, Packer J, Ward J, Stansfield C, et al. School closure and management practices during coronavirus outbreaks including COVID-19: a rapid systematic review. Lancet Child Adolesc Heal [Internet]. 2020;4(5):397–404. Tersedia pada: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30095-X
Nicola M, Alsafi Z, Sohrabi C, Kerwan A, Al-Jabir A, Iosifidis C, et al. The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): A review. Int J Surg [Internet]. 2020;78:185–93. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.04.018
Smith KM, Machalaba CC, Seifman R, Feferholtz Y, Karesh WB. Infectious Disease and Economics: The Case for Considering Multi-sectoral Impacts. One Heal [Internet]. 2019;7(100080):2352–7714. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.onehlt.2018.100080
Wignjadiputro I, Widaningrum C, Setiawaty V, Wulandari EW, Sihombing S, Prasetyo WA, et al. Containment Exercise in Indonesia. J Infect Public Health [Internet]. 2020;1–4. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.onehlt.2018.100080
Bai Z, Gong Y, Tian X, Cao Y, Liu W, Li J. The Rapid Assessment and Early Warning Models for COVID-19. Virol Sin [Internet]. 2020;12250. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12250-020-00219-0
Adisasmito W. Health System and Pandemic Influenza Preparedness: Results from Rapid Situation Analysis (RSA) in Jakarta and Bali. OSIR [Internet]. 2010;3(1):1–9. Tersedia pada: http://www.osirjournal.net/issue.php?id=17
Gössling S, Scott D, Hall CM. Pandemics, Tourism and Global Change: A Rapid Assessment of COVID-19. J Sustain Tour [Internet]. 2020;9582:1–20. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1758708
Saraisky NG. Analyzing Public Discourse: Using Media Content Analysis to Understand the Policy Process. Curr Issues Comp Educ [Internet]. 2015;18(1):26–41. Tersedia pada: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1095584.pdf
Djalante R, Lassa J, Setiamarga D, Sudjatma A, Indrawan M, Haryanto B, et al. Review and Analysis of Current Responses to COVID-19 in Indonesia: Period of January to March 2020. Prog Disaster Sci [Internet]. 2020;6(100091):1–9. Tersedia pada: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/340430688
Raoofi A, Takian A, Sari AA, Olyaeemanesh A, Haghighi H, Aarabi M. COVID-19 Pandemic and Comparative Health Policy Learning in Iran. Arch Iran Med [Internet]. 2020;23(4):220–34. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.34172/aim.2020.02
Jasiulewicz-Kaczmarek M. SWOT Analysis for Planned Maintenance Strategy - A Case Study. IFAC-PapersOnLine [Internet]. 2016;49(12):674–9. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.07.788
Ramezanpour B, Pronker ES, Kreijtz JHCM, Osterhaus ADME, Claassen E. Market Implementation of The MVA Platform for Pre-pandemic and Pandemic Influenza Vaccines: A Quantitative Key Opinion Leader Analysis. Vaccine [Internet]. 2015;33(35):4349–58. Tersedia pada: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.086
Davey S, Davey A, Jain R. Impact of Social Distancing on Curtailing COVID 2019 Epidemic in India: A Systematic Review by SWOT Analysis Approach. Epidemiol Int [Internet]. 2020;05(01):44–9. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.24321/2455.7048.202009
Wang J, Wang Z. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) Analysis of China’s Prevention and Control Strategy for The Covid-19 Epidemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2020;17(2235):1–17. Tersedia pada: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/7/2235
Tempo. Apresiasi KLB Corona di Kota Solo, YLKI: Mestinya Jakarta juga. Tempo.co [Internet]. 14 Maret 2020 [dikutip 18 Juni 2020]; Tersedia pada: https://metro.tempo.co/read/1319443/apresiasi-klb-corona-di-kota-solo-ylki-mestinya-jakarta-juga
Sekretaris Kabinet RI. Inilah Kebijakan Nasional tentang Penyesuaian Sistem Kerja ASN [Internet]. 16 Maret 2020. [dikutip 18 Juni 2020]. Tersedia pada: https://setkab.go.id/inilah-kebijakan-nasional-tentang-penyesuaian-sistem-kerja-asn/
Kompas. Presiden Jokowi Larang ASN Mudik, Begini Sanksinya Jika Dilanggar [Internet]. Indonesia: Kompas TV; 2020 [dikutip 18 Juni 2020]. Tersedia pada: https://www.kompas.tv/article/75385/presiden-jokowi-larang-asn-mudik-begini-sanksinya-jika-dilanggar
Kompas. Fakta Lengkap Kasus Pertama Virus Corona di Indonesia. Kompas.com [Internet]. 3 Maret 2020; Tersedia pada: https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2020/03/03/06314981/fakta-lengkap-kasus-pertama-virus-corona-di-indonesia?page=all
Candido DDS, Watts A, Abade L, Kraemer MUG, Pybus OG, Croda J, et al. Routes for COVID-19 importation in Brazil. J Travel Med [Internet]. 2020;27(3):1–3. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taaa042
Mona N. Konsep Isolasi Dalam Jaringan Sosial Untuk Meminimalisasi Efek Contagious (Kasus Penyebaran Virus Corona Di Indonesia). J Sos Hum Terap [Internet]. 2020;2(2):117–25. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.7454/jsht.v2i2.86
Kompas. Pemerintah: Keluar Rumah Wajib Pakai Masker! [Internet]. Indonesia: Kompas TV; 2020. Tersedia pada: https://www.kompas.tv/article/74676/pemerintah-keluar-rumah-wajib-pakai-masker
Esposito S, Principi N, Leung CC, Migliori GB. Universal use of face masks for success against COVID-19: evidence and implications for prevention policies. Eur Respir J [Internet]. 2020; Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01260-2020
Solopos. Dampak Corona, Jam Operasional Toko dan Mall di Solo Dibatasi. Solopos.com [Internet]. 23 Maret 2020 [dikutip 17 Juni 2020]; Tersedia pada: https://m.solopos.com/dampak-corona-jam-operasional-toko-dan-mal-di-solo-dibatasi-1053472
Rahman AA, Azizah A, Kurniadewi E, Sunardi I. Faktor-Faktor Psikososial dari Ketidakpatuhan Masyarakat pada Masa Pandemik. UIN Sunan Gunung Djati [Internet]. 2020;19. Tersedia pada: http://digilib.uinsgd.ac.id/id/eprint/30892
CDC. Considerations for School Closure. 2020.
Tribun Solo. Waisak Saat Corona, Vihara Dhammar Sundara Solo Tiadakan Perayaan, Umat Diminta Live Streaming. Tribunnews.com [Internet]. 7 Mei 2020 [dikutip 17 Juni 2020]; Tersedia pada: https://solo.tribunnews.com/2020/05/07/waisak-saat-corona-vihara-dhamma-sundara-solo-tiadakan-perayaan-umat-diminta-live-streaming?page=all
Solopos. Solo KLB Corona, Jemaat Gereja di Solo Ibadah Minggu via Online. Solopos.com [Internet]. 21 Maret 2020 [dikutip 17 Juni 2020]; Tersedia pada: https://m.solopos.com/solo-klb-corona-jemaat-gereja-di-solo-ibadah-minggu-via-online-1053086
Manguvo A, Mafuvadze B. The impact of traditional and religious practices on the spread of Ebola in West Africa: time for a strategic shift. Pan Afr Med J [Internet]. 2015;22(Supp 1):9. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.11694/pamj.supp.2015.22.1.6190
Arditama E, Lestari P. Joko Tonggo: Membangkitkan Kesadaran dan Ketaatan Warga Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Pada Masa Pandemi COVID-19 di Jawa Tengah. J Pendidik Kewarganegaraan Undiksha [Internet]. 2020;8(1):35–46. Tersedia pada: https://ejournal.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/JJPP
Setyawati N. Beraktivitas Di Luar Rumah Saat Terjadinya Pandemi Covid-19. J Educ Dev Inst Pendidik Tapanuli Selatan [Internet]. 2020;8(2):135–40. Tersedia pada: http://journal.ipts.ac.id/index.php/ED/article/view/1671
Dinas Komunikasi dan Informasi Kota Surakarta. Diskominfo SP Terus Informasikan Himbauan Walikota Lewat Sirkel. 16 April 2020; Tersedia pada: https://diskominfosp.surakarta.go.id/2020/04/16/diskominfo-sp-terus-informasikan-himbauan-lewat-sirkel/
Usman AH. Kesadaran Hukum Masyarakat Dan Pemerintah Sebagai Faktor Tegaknya Negara Hukum Di Indonesia. J Wawasan Yuridika [Internet]. 2014;30(1):26–53. Tersedia pada: http://ejournal.sthb.ac.id/index.php/jwy/article/view/74
Astuti RS, Asmarasari B. Collaborative Governance in Policy Advocacy of Exclusive Breastfeeding Practice in Semarang City. In: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Social Transformation, Community and Sustainable Development (ICSTCSD 2019) [Internet]. 2020. hal. 188–92. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.2991/icstcsd-19.2020.38
Nurlatif RV, Priharwanti A. Stunting: Besaran Masalah & Strategi Pencegahannya di Kabupaten Pekalongan. Kajen [Internet]. 2019;3(2):69–82. Tersedia pada: http://jurnal.pekalongankab.go.id/index.php/jurnalkabpekalongan/article/view/72
Mariner JC, Jones BA, Hendrickx S, El Masry I, Jobre Y, Jost CC. Experiences in participatory surveillance and community-based reporting systems for H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza: A case study approach. Ecohealth. 2014;11(1):22–35.
Kerrigan DL, Fonner VA, Stromdahl S, Kennedy CE. Community empowerment among female sex workers is an effective HIV prevention intervention: A systematic review of the peer-reviewed evidence from low- and middle-income countries. AIDS Behav [Internet]. 2013;17(6):1926–40. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-013-0458-4
Adisasmito W, Suwandono A, Aisyah DN. Measuring Indonesia H1N1 Pandemic Preparedness Through Stakeholder AnalysisA Healthcare Advertising,Health care legislation. Heal Care Curr Rev [Internet]. 2014;02(01):1–5. Tersedia pada: http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/hccr.1000119
Bangsawan MI. Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Kreatif di Kota Surakarta Melalui Instrumen Hukum Perizinan Industri Kreatif. In: Prosiding Seminar Nasional “Perizinan sebagai Instrumen Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat di Era Industrialisasi (Citizen Friendly)” [Internet]. 2017. hal. 318–34. Tersedia pada: http://hdl.handle.net/11617/9428
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jkki.60496
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 7757 | views : 7418Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2021 Jurnal Kebijakan Kesehatan Indonesia : JKKI
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Kebijakan Kesehatan Indonesia : JKKI [ISSN 2089 2624 (print); ISSN 2620 4703 (online)] is published by Center for Health Policy and Management (CHPM). This website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Built on the Public Knowledge Project's OJS 2.4.8.1.
View My Stats