Upaya Rumah Sakit dalam Merespon Pandemi COVID-19 berbasis WHO SPRP 2021: Scoping Review

https://doi.org/10.22146/jkki.70692

Wahyu Kristianto(1*)

(1) Manajemen Rumah Sakit Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Latar Belakang: Pandemi COVID-19 yang melanda di seluruh dunia turut memberikan dampak yang besar bagi pelayanan kesehatan di Rumah Sakit dan menghadapi berbagai tantangan untuk tetap dapat memberikan pelayanan kesehatan, baik pada penderita COVID-19 maupun pasien umum di Rumah Sakit.

Tujuan: Mengidentifikasi upaya rumah sakit dalam menghadapi COVID-19 di dalam merespon pandemi COVID-19 berbasis WHO SPRP 2021

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan desk research serta menggunakan penelusuran dokumen dan informasi yang tersedia melalui metode scoping study. Penelusuran dilakukan dari 2 basis data jurnal daring yaitu Google Scholar dan Pubmed. Judul/abstrak hingga full text dilakukan 3 tahap skrining secara independen oleh penulis. Proses ekstraksi dan sistesis data dilakukan dari agustus-september 2021. Proses seleksi dilaporkan dengan PRIMA chart dan kemudian diekstraksi dalam format ekstraksi untuk kemudian menjelaskan gambaran umum terhadap literatur dan tema yang ditemukan

Hasil Penelitian: Jumlah artikel yang digunakan dalam scoping review ini berjumlah 19 artikel. Artikel-artikel ini membahas mengenai penegakan diagnosis, pencegahan dan pengendalian infeksi (PPI), dan manajemen kasus terkait COVID-19. Solusi yang dipaparkan dalam artikel yang kami inklusikan adalah terkait alat diagnosis COVID-19, pemeriksaan CT-dada dapat direkomendasikan apabila pemeriksaan RT-PCR menunjukan hasil negatif pada pasien suspek COVID-19, pemeriksaan sputum dan BAL menunjukan angka positif tertinggi. Terkait PPI, peningkatan kompetensi staf melalui pelatihan, edukasi kepada seluruh staf dan pengunjung mengenai pentingnya penerapan hand hygiene dan etika bernafas, dan pemantauan rutin kesehatan staf rumah sakit dapat direkomendasikan sebagai upaya PPI di rumah sakit. Terakit manajemen kasus setiap negara memiliki caranya tersendiri dalam menangani kasus COVID-19, terdiri dari pemeriksaan fisik, wawancara awal, pemeriksaan laboratorium darah, CT-Scan dada, pemeriksaan tes swab, pemasangan oksigen, ventilasi mekanik, pemberian obat antivirus, obat penunjang gejala pernapasan, suplemen dan multivitamin.

Kesimpulan: Diagnosis awal, PPI dan manajemen kasus COVID-19 merupakan hal yang perlu diidentifikasi sedini mungkin, karena dapat berdampak bagi keselamatan pasien dan staf rumah sakit dan mengakibatkan kerugian yang besar bagi rumah sakit.


Keywords


COVID-19, Laboratorium dan Diagnosis, Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Infeksi, dan Manajemen Kasus

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jkki.70692

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