Penerapan Strategi Pemanduan Terpadu Sebagai Upaya Mewujudkan Ketahanan dan Keamanan Di Selat Malaka

https://doi.org/10.22146/jkn.60766

TSNB Hutabarat(1*), Syamsul Maarif(2), Nimmi Zulbainarni(3), Purnomo Yusgiantoro(4)

(1) Sekolah Bisnis IPB University
(2) Sekolah Bisnis IPB University
(3) Sekolah Bisnis IPB University
(4) Fakultas Teknik Pertambangan dan Perminyakan Institut Teknologi Bandung
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


 

ABSTRACT

 

Malacca Strait was the busiest strait the world, where most of distribution lines of sea transportation pass through. However, there were some issues in this area, including security and safety issues, which could interfere the business operation and threaten national resilience. On the other hand, the high cost of the efforts to maintained the security and safety in the area burdens the government. Departing from this background, this research  aimed to developed a strategy in handling sea transportation system in order to achieved the equilibrium between economy efficiency and the effectiveness of the government in maintaining security and safety of the shipping traffic in Malacca Strait.

This study was a problem solving-based research using Soft System Methodology and Analytical Hierarchy Process. 

As the results, The Integrated Piloting Strategy had been developed as a recommendation to be implemented.  With this strategy the ships that passed through the Malacca Strait were advised to adopted Integrated Piloting, in which the Pilots together with the security guards, would be on board and helped the ship to passed through Malacca Strait safely and securely. By that, the safety and security were guaranteed and the business objectives were achieved

ABSTRAK

 

 

Moda transportasi laut merupakan sarana utama distribusi logistik di dunia.  Sebagian besar alur distribusi ini melewati wilayah perairan Selat Malaka, menjadikan Selat Malaka sebagai selat tersibuk di dunia, yang mana 75 persen perairannya merupakan wilayah Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (NKRI).  Namun demikian terdapat beberapa permasalahan di wilayah Selat Malaka tersebut, di antaranya permasalahan keamanan serta keselamatan yang berpotensi mengganggu kelancaran operasional bagi para pelaku bisnis serta mengancam ketahanan nasional.  Di sisi lain upaya menjaga keamanan serta keselamatan di wilayah tersebut membebani Pemerintah dengan biaya yang sangat besar. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan strategi di dalam menangani sistem transportasi laut agar terjadi kesetimbangan antara efisiensi ekonomi bagi pelaku bisnis, serta efektivitas instansi pemerintah dalam menjaga keamanan dan keselamatan pelayaran di Selat Malaka. 

Studi ini merupakan penelitian berbasis  problem solving menggunakan metode  Soft System Methodology (SSM) dan Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP).            

Sebagai hasil dari penelitian ini disusun rekomendasi berupa Strategi Pemanduan Terpadu di mana kapal-kapal yang melintasi Selat Malaka disarankan untuk menggunakan Pemanduan Terpadu yaitu petugas Pandu yang terintegrasi dengan keberadaan petugas keamanan yang turut on board di kapal selama melintas di Selat Malaka, dengan segala tantangannya, sehingga keamanan dan keselamatan terjamin, keuntungan bisnis tercapai serta terwujud efisiensi ekonomi bagi semua pihak yang terlibat.

.


Keywords


Studi Maritim; Transportasi Laut; Soft System Methodology; Ketahanan dan Keamanan Selat Malaka

Full Text:

PDF


References

Armawi, A., Wahidin, D., 2018, Ketahanan nasional dan bela negara. WIRA: Media Informasi Kementerian Pertahanan.

ADFP – Australian Defence Force Procedure, 201,. Plans Series – Joint Military Appreciation Process. Australian Defence Force Procedures 5.0.1 Edition 2 AL3.

Bateman, S., 2010, Coastal state Regulation of Navigation in adjacent waters – the example of the Torres Straits and Great Barrier Reef. University of Wollonggong.

Burns, G.M., 2013, Estimating the Impact of Maritime Security; Financial tradeoffs between Security and Efficiency. Springers.

Burns, G.M., 2016, Logistics and Transportation Security: Strategic, Tactical, and Operational Guide to Resilience. CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group.

Burns, G.M, 2018, Ports Management and Operations. CRC Press. Taylor & Francis Group. New York.

Button, K., 2016, The Economics and Political Economy of Transportation Security. Transport Economics, Management and Policy Series. Edward Elgar Publishing pages 135 – 159. DOI: <https://doi.org/10.4337/9781785367779.00015>.

Button, K., dan Thibault, M., 2005, The political economy of maritime container security. Agecon Search. Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics. Issue date: hh. 2005-3.

Calamur, K., 2017, High Traffic. High Risk in the Strait of Malacca. The Atlantic. Reuter.

Castonguay, J.,2018, International shipping: Globalization in Crisis. Diakses dari Visionproject.org: <https://www.visionproject.org/images/img_magazine/pdfs/international_shipping.pdf pada 28 Maret 2020>.

Checkland, P. dan Scholes, J., 1990, Soft System Methodology in Action. Wiley.

Checkland, P. dan Poulter, J,. 2006, Learning for Action: A Short Definitive Account of Soft Systems Methodology and Its Use for Practitioners. Teachers and Students. Wiley.

Crawford, C., 1990, The Global Dilemma: Guns or Butter. Mindscape.

Ditdatin - Direktorat Data dan Informasi Bakamla RI., 2020, Jumlah Kecelakaan Laut di Selat Malaka 2011-2019. Badan Keamanan Laut Republik Indonesia.

Dombrowski, P., 2005, Guns and Butter. The Political Economy of International Security, Boulder London: Lynne Rienner Publisser.

Dong, S.W., 2015, Maritime Logistics; A Guide to Contemporary Shipping and Port Management. Kogan Page.

EON, 2012, Annual Report.

Fargo, T.B., 2004, Chilly response to U.S. plan to deploy forces in the Strait of Malacca. Institute for The Analysis of Global Security.

Gunawan, H., 2014, Pengantar Transportasi dan Logistik. Jakarta (ID): PT Rajagrafindo Persada .

Halpern, B.S., 2008, A Global Map of Human Impact on Marine Ecosystems. Reports Science.

Hanoch, G., 1975, The elasticity of scale and the shape of average costs. American Economic Review, 1975, vol. 65, issue 3, hh.492 – 97

Hardjosoekarto, S., 2012, Construction of social development index as a theoretical research practice inaction research by using soft systems methodology. System Practice and Action Research 25(6): hh. 493–509.

Hardjosoekarto, S., 2013, Dual imperatives of action research: lessons from theoretical research practice to construct social development index by using soft systems methodology. Human Resource Management Research, Scientific and Academic Publishing, hh. 49–53.

Heng, Z., 2017, Impacts of Kra Canal and its toll structures on tanker traffic. Maritime Policy & Management The Flagship Journal of International Shipping and Port Research. Routledge.

Hidayat, A.S., Soemantri, A.I. dan Poernomo, H., 2019, Implementasi strategi pengendalian alur laut Kepulauan Indonesia (ALKI) II dalam mendukung ketahanan nasional. Jurnal Ketahanan Nasional, 25(3). hh.313-312.

Hutabarat, T.S.N.B., Maarif, S., Zulbainarni, N. dan Yusgiantoro, P., 2020, Strategi pemanduan terpadu untuk mencapai kesetimbangan ekonomi dan keamanan di Selat Malaka. Disertasi, Bogor: IPB University.

Jusuf, G., 2016, Laporan Prakarsa Strategis Bidang Kemaritiman dan SDA. BAPPENAS. Diakses dari Bappenas.go.id: <https://www.bappenas.go.id/files/5115/0460/0330/Laporan_Prakarsa_Strategis_Bidang_Kemaritiman_dan_SDA.pdf > pada 25 Maret 2020.

Kemenko Bidang Kemaritiman Republik Indonesia, 2016, Rencana Aksi Kebijakan Kelautan Indonesia 2016 -2019, Kemenkomar RI.

Khalid, N., 2006, Burden sharing, security and equity in the Straits of Malacca. The Asia-Pacific Journal. November 2, 2006 Vol. 4 Issue 11.

Khisty, C. J., 1995, Soft-systems methodology as learning and management tool. Journal of Urban Planning and Development. 121(3), hh. 91-107

Kildow, J, dan Colgan, 200,. California’s Ocean Economy, California (USA): National Ocean Economics Program.

Kusuma, 2014, Rivalitas Strategi Maritim di China dan India di Selat Malaka. Jurnal INSIGNIA. 1(1): hh. 68-83.

Marine Vessel Traffic, 2018, Ship traffic density map of Malacca Strait. Diakses dari MarineVesselTraffic.com: <https://www.marinevesseltraffic.com/MALACCA-STRAIT/ship-traffic-tracker> pada 15 Mei 2020.

Marsetio, 2014, Sea Power Indonesia, Jakarta: Universitas Pertahanan.

MRTE, 2018, Pencemaran di Selat Malaka Akibat Tumpahan Minyak. Diakses dari MRTE.com.my: <https://MRTE.com.my>. pada 25 Maret 2020.

Mudric, Miso, 2011, Armed guards on vessels: Insurance and liability. Poredbeno Pomorsko Pravo 50 (2011), 165, hh. 217 – 268.

Nunez, C., 2019, Our oceans are under attack by climate change. Overfishing. National Geographic published March 21, 2019. Diunduh pada 25 March 2020 dari <https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/habitats/ocean/>

Pelindo III, 2017, Pelindo III sosialisasikan perubahan pola pandu dan tunda di perairan Gresik. Siaran Pers.

Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 5 Tentang Kenavigasian.

Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 23 Tahun 2011 Tentang Pemanduan

Putri, A.N., 2016. Kejasama Indonesia, Malaysia, dan Singapura di Selat Malaka dalam Menangani Perampokan Bersenjata tahun 2004-2014. Journal of International Relations. 2(2): hh. 250-257.

Roberts, J., Tsameyi, M., Workman, T. dan Johnson, L., 2005, The western European PSSA proposal: A “politically sensitive sea area”. Marine Policy 29(5): hh. 431-440.

Sahid, A., Hamid, E.S. dan Armawi, A., 2019, Dampak implementasi asas Cabotage dan program Tol Laut terhadap ketahanan wilayah (Studi di Kabupaten Kepulauan Anambas, Provinsi Kepulauan Riau. Jurnal Ketahanan Nasional, 25(2). Hh. 131-150.

Saputro, F.D., 2008, Tanggung Jawab Hukum PT Asuransi Jasa Indonesia dalam Penyelesaian Klaim Asuransi Pengengkutan Barang di laut. Skripsi, pada Fakultas Hukum Universitas Sebelas Maret.

Suproboningrum, L. dan Kurniawan, Y., 2017, Diplomasi Maritim dalam Keberhasilan Patroli Terkoordinasi Indonesia-Malaysia-Singapura di Selat Malaka. Politica. 8(2): hh. 164-187.

Suryohadiprojo, S., 2006, Kemampuan menghadapi tantangan. Jurnal Ketahanan Nasional, XI(3), Desember 2006.

Suryohadiprojo, S., 2017, Ketahanan nasional Indonesia. Jurnal Ketahanan Nasional, II(1), hh. 13-31.

Suwarto, B., 2013, Bakorkamla Persoalkan Biaya Tinggi Asuransi Pelayaran. <https://finansial.bisnis.com/read/20131111/215/185662/bakorkamla-persoalkan-biaya-tinggi-asuransi-pelayaran>

The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), 2013, Limits of Oceans and Seas. Diakses dari Marineregions.org: <https://www.marineregions.org/> pada 11 Desember 2019.

Uchiyama, K., 2009, Concise Theoretical Grounding of Action Research: Based on Checkland’s Soft Systems Methodology and Kimura’s Phenomenological Psychiatry Japan: Daito Bunka University.

UNCLOS, 1982, United Nation Convention on The Law of The Sea. United Nations.

Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2008 Tentang Pelayaran.

Yamin, M.J., 2011, Transportasi Laut Indonesia; Analisis sistem & Studi Kasus. Brilian International.

Yusgiantoro, P., 2019, Filsafat Ditinjau dari Ketahanan Nasional. Materi Ajar Prodi Doktor Ilmu Pertahanan Unhan, 15 Oktober 2019.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jkn.60766

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 2708 | views : 2388

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2020 TSNB Hutabarat, Syamsul Maarif, Nimmi Zulbainarni, Purnomo Yusgiantoro

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.


web
analytics View My Stats