Dampak Anemia terhadap Kualitas Hidup Fisik dan Psikologis pada Remaja: Tinjauan Literatur

https://doi.org/10.22146/jkr.77988

Aditya Krishna Murthi(1*), Raditya Wratsangka(2), Endrico Xavierees Tungka(3), Deasyka Yastani(4)

(1) Departemen Fisiologi, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia
(2) Departemen Obstetri-Ginekologi, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia
(3) Departemen Biokimia, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia
(4) Departemen Biokimia, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Berdasarkan Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) 2023, prevalensi anemia pada remaja (15-24 tahun) sebesar 18% pada remaja putri dan sekitar 14.4% pada remaja putra. Dampak anemia pada remaja terutama yang berkaitan dengan kualitas hidup terkait kesehatan masih belum banyak ditelaah. Berbagai studi anemia pada remaja masih berfokus pada penurunan fungsi kognitif. Tujuan penulisan artikel ini untuk menyampaikan perspektif yang lebih baik tentang anemia dan dampaknya terhadap kualitas hidup terkait kesehatan pada populasi remaja. Pencarian literatur dilakukan pada artikel yang telah terpublikasi 7 tahun terakhir menggunakan database Google Scholar dan PubMed dengan kata kunci: anemia, kualitas hidup terkait kesehatan (HRQoL), remaja. Talasemia dan Sickle Cell Disease dengan manifestasi klinis yang berat terbukti mempengaruhi hampir semua domain HRQoL terutama pada pasien yang tidak mematuhi rejimen terapi dan sosio-ekonomi rendah. Anemia defisiensi besi menyebabkan penurunan skor HRQoL terutama pada domain fungsi fisik, emosional dan fungsi sekolah. Anemia memiliki berbagai etiologi dan dampaknya terhadap kualitas hidup terkait kesehatan remaja bersifat multidimensional. Program psikososial dan konseling dapat membantu meringankan kesulitan yang terjadi terutama pada pasien talasemia dan SCD. Edukasi pola hidup sehat dan cukup nutrisi perlu terus dilakukan sebagai upaya preventif terhadap anemia defisiensi besi.


Keywords


Anemia, Kualitas hidup terkait kesehatan, Remaja

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