Computational Fluid Dynamic Analysis of Power Potential from Point Absorber Wave Energy Converters in Adipala and Pelabuhan Ratu

https://doi.org/10.22146/jmdt.121142

Zharfan Ghafara Gunawan(1*), Zaenal Abidin(2), William Abednego Pardede(3)

(1) Technology Development Division, PLN Indonesia Power, Jakarta, Indonesia.
(2) Technology Development Division, PLN Indonesia Power, Jakarta Indonesia
(3) Technology Development Division, PLN Indonesia Power, Jakarta Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Indonesia holds an estimated ocean wave energy potential of 17.9 GW. However, utilization remains critically low at only 0.3 MW, highlighting a significant gap between potential and deployment. This study investigates the technical feasibility of implementing point absorber-type wave energy converters (WECs) at two coastal coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) operated by PT PLN Indonesia Power: the Adipala CFPP and the Pelabuhan Ratu CFPP. A numerical simulation approach using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was applied to assess two WEC types: swing and buoy, under site-specific wave conditions. Results show that Adipala possesses greater wave energy potential (3.17 kW/m) compared to Pelabuhan Ratu (1.1 kW/m). The buoy-type device consistently outperformed the swing type in both locations, generating average power outputs of 490.7 W and 357.1 W, respectively. The swing type yielded 119.7 W and 119.5 W. When scaled along the full 1,500-meter breakwater, the buoy-type system in Adipala offers an average power potential of 0.73 MW, peaking at 3 MW, indicating that Adipala offers superior deployment potential compared to Pelabuhan Ratu. These findings indicate strong prospects for small-scale wave energy deployment in Indonesia, especially when leveraging existing coastal infrastructure.


Keywords


Wave energy; CFD; point absorber; buoy; swing; Adipala; Pelabuhan Ratu.

Full Text:

PDF


References

BMKG. (2024). BMKG Ocean Forecast System. https://peta-maritim.bmkg.go.id/ofs/ (accessed December 4, 2024)

Caires S, Yan K. (2020). Ocean surface wave time series for the European coast from 1976 to 2100 derived from climate projections. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS).https://doi.org/DOI:10.24381/cds.572bf382

Coastline length by country. (2023). CIA World Factbook. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/coastline/ (accessedJuly9,2025).

DrewB,PlummerAR,SahinkayaMN. (2009). Areviewof waveenergyconvertertechnology.Proceedingsof the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy, 223, 887–902. https://doi.org/10.1243/09576509JPE782

Eco Wave Power Ltd. (2024). Eco Wave Power Photos https://www.ecowavepower.com/gallery/photos/(accessed June 4, 2025).

Falnes J. (2007). A review of wave-energy extraction. Marine Structures, 20, 185–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marstruc.2007.09.001

Ghisu T, Puddu P, Cambuli F, Virdis I. (2017). On the Hysteretic Behaviour of Wells Turbines. Energy Procedia Elsevier Ltd; vol. 126, 706–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.08.303

Halder P, Mohamed MH, Samad A. (2018). Wave energy conversion:Designandshapeoptimization.Ocean Engineering, 150, 337–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2017.12.072.

KementrianKelautandanPerikanan. (2019).LautMasa Depan Bangsa Mari Jaga Bersama. https://kkp.go.id/artikel/12981-laut-masa-depan-bangsa-mari-jaga-bersama (accessedNovember 17, 2022).

KimS-Y,KimK-M,ParkJ-C,JeonG-M,ChunH-H. (2016). Numerical simulation of wave and current interaction with a fixed offshore substructure. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, 8, 188–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2016.02.002.

Marques Machado FM, Gameiro Lopes AM, Ferreira AD. (2018). Numerical simulation of regular waves: Optimization of a numerical wave tank. Ocean Engineering, 170, 89–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2018.10.002

Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources. (2025). Rencana Usaha Penyediaan Tenaga Listrik (RUPTL) 2025-2034.

MolinerEG,SarmentoA,SilvaSR. (2016).CostAnalysis of the UGEN.

Prasad DD, Ahmed MR, Lee Y-H, Sharma RN. (2017). Validation of a piston type wave-maker using Numerical Wave Tank. Ocean Engineering, 131, 57–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2016.12.031.

Ribal A, Babanin A V., Zieger S, Liu Q. (2020). A high-resolution wave energy resource assessment of Indonesia. Renew Energy, 160, 1349–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2020.06.017.

Singh D,SinghA, PaulAR, Samad A. (2021). Design and simulation of point absorber wave energy converter.E3SWebofConferences,321, EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202132103003

Sosa C, Mariño-Tapia I, Silva R, Patiño R. (2023). Numerical Performance of a Buoy-Type Wave Energy Converter with Regular Short Waves. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13085182.

Versteeg HK, (2007). Malalasekera W. An Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics: The Finite Volume Method. 2nd ed.

WindtC,FaedoN,García-VioliniD,Peña-Sanchez Y, Davidson J, Ferri F, Ringwood J V. (2020). Validation of a CFD-Based Numerical Wave Tank Model of the1/20thScaleWavestarWaveEnergyConverter. Fluids; 5, 112. https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids5030112.

Yang I, Tezdogan T, Incecik A. (2023). Numerical investigations of a pivoted point absorber wave energy converter integrated with breakwater using CFD. Ocean Engineering, 274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2023.114025

Zang Z, Zhang Q, Qi Y, Fu X. (2018). Hydrodynamic responses and efficiency analyses of a heaving-buoywaveenergyconverterwithPTOdampingin regularandirregularwaves.RenewEnergy, 116, 527–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2017.09.057.

ZittiG,BrocchiniM. (2024). Theroleofsizeandinertiaon the hydrodynamics of a self-reacting heave single point absorber wave energy converter. Renew Energy, 229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2024.120686.

ZouS,AbdelkhalikO. (2021). Anumericalsimulationofa variable-shape buoy wave energy converter. JMar Sci Eng, 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9060625



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jmdt.121142

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 19 | views : 4

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.