Seleksi Isolat Bakteri Amilolitik dari Rhizosfer Canna edulis, Kerr. untuk Produksi Poli Hidroksi Alkanoat dari Limbah Cair Tapioka
Nurhayati Nurhayati(1*), Ocky Karna Radjasa(2), Irfan Dwidya Prijambada(3)
(1) Departemen Biologi Fakultas Sains dan Matematika Universitas Diponegoro
(2) Departemen Perikanan dan Kelautan Universitas Diponegoro
(3) Lab. Mikrobiologi Tanah dan Lingkungan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Petrochemical-based plastic waste accumulated in landfills have been posing serious threat to the environment as this kind of plastics are non-biodegradable. Replacing petrochemical-based plastics with biodegradable plastics constitutes a challenging solution both in terms of mechanical design of the process and most importantly the availability of powerful local microorganism for the process. Therefore, the current study was searching for appropriate local microorganisms for poly hydroxyl alkanoate (PHA) production from starch waste, which was considered as one of cheap carbon sources. Waste water of cassava industry is a good resource of such starch waste water. The microbes were isolated from Canna edulis, Kerr. rhizosphere from Cangkringan. The expected isolates were the bacteria enable the coupling of carbon catabolic pathways with PHA anabolic pathways. It was found that ten isolates were able to use waste water of cassava flour industry as carbon source. The PHA quantitative analysis by spectrophotometer showed that the isolate of Bacillus sp. C8 produced the highest PHA of 2,095 g/L. Further FTIR analysis showed specific bands near 1363,67 cm-1, 1641,42 cm-1, 2929,87 cm-1, 3408,22 cm-1 wavelengths which revealed the presence of CH3, ester carbonyl group (C=O), C-H and terminal OH group of PHA.
ABSTRAK
Akumulasi sampah plastik berbasis petrokimia di tempat pembuangan sampah mengganggu lingkungan karena plastik sifatnya tidak mudah didegradasi secara biologi dan sangat tahan di lingkungan. Penggantian plastik yang berasal dari bahan petrokimia dengan bahan plastik yang mudah terdegradasi secara biologi merupakan tantangan tersendiri, baik dari sisi perancangan proses maupun ketersediaan mikrobia lokal yang sesuai untuk proses tersebut. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan sebagai upaya untuk mendapatkan bakteri lokal penghasil PHA yang mampu mengkonsumsi substrat berupa pati. Substrat pati dipilih karena ketersediaan limbat industri tapioka sebagai bahan baku potensial dan murah untuk produksi PHA. Bakteri amilolitik untuk produksi PHA telah berhasil diisolasi dari rhizosfer Canna edulis, Kerr. di Cangkringan, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Bakteri yang diisolasi merupakan bakteri dengan kemampuan memproduksi PHA dan memiliki kemampuan melakukan rangkaian reaksi pada limbah cair industri tapioka dan rangkaian reaksi pembentukan PHA. Telah berhasil didapatkan 10 bakteri yang memiliki aktivitas amilolitik dan dapat menghasilkan PHA menggunakan limbah cair industri tapioka. Analisis kuantitatif PHA menggunakan spektrofotometer menunjukkan bahwa isolat Bacillus sp. C8 menghasilkan PHA paling tinggi sebesar 2,095 mg/mL. Analisis hasil metabolism isolat C8 menggunakan FTIR memperlihatkan puncak spesifik 1363,67 cm-1, 1641,42 cm-1, 2929,87 cm-1, 3408,22 cm-1 adalah verifikasi adanya CH3, C=O, C-H dan OH dari PHA.Keywords
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