Evaluasi Pengaruh Konsentrasi Umpan pada Produksi Biogas dari Limbah Cair Industri Alkohol secara Fed Batch

https://doi.org/10.22146/jrekpros.34422

Dewi Astuti Herawati(1*), Argoto Mahayana(2)

(1) Program Studi S1 Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Setia Budi
(2) Program Studi D3 Analis Kimia, Universitas Setia Budi
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Biogas is an alternative energy source that can be renewed as one of the solutions for the scarcity of fossil energy. Liquid waste from industrial bioalcohol production (technically termed as “vinasse”) is potentially one of very promising raw material of biogas. Vinasse has low pH value (4-5), which is not preferable for metanogen. Therefore this study aimed to define the optimum condition for the production of biogas. The variable to be studied in this research was the influence of vinasse to water ratios on the production of biogas in a fed batch reactor. Three ratios of vinasse and water with the ratios of vinasse to water as 1:2 (R1); 1:2.5 (R2); and 1:3 (R3) were studied. As much as 500 mL of raw material was fed to bioreactor with 6 L of cow manure as starter inoculums. The reactor was fed once every three days, with the feed input as much as 500 mL. At the beginning of the process, total solid suspended (TSS), volatile suspended solid (VSS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were analyzed. The volume of biogas was measured every day while the TSS and VSS values were measured once a week. The results showed that the production of biogas at R1 reached 1640.95 ml on day 9 with pH 7, CH4 concentration of 9.89% and CO2 level of 36.93%. The biogas production at R2 on day 20 reached 119.67 mL with a methane content of 15.85%, 43.282% of CO2 level, and pH 5. In R3 the volume biogas generated on day 10 reached 158.24 mL with CH4 content of 35.36%; 35.27% of CO2 level and pH 7. Fed batch system was shown to reduce the effects of inhibitor. Keywords: biogas, vinasse, levels of CH4, fed batch.


ABSTRAK

Biogas merupakan alternatif sumber energi yang dapat diperbaharui dapat mengurangi kelangkaan kebutuhan energi. Limbah cair industri alkohol (vinasse) berpotensi sebagai salah satu bahan baku biogas. Vinasse mempunyai pH ( 4-5 ) bukan merupakan kondisi yang mendukung metanogen, sehingga diperlukan penelitian untuk mengatur kondisi yang terbaik pada produksi biogas. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbandingan vinasse dan air terhadap produksi biogas secara fed batch.  Berbagai perbandingan vinasse dan air = 1:2 ( R.1 ) ; 1:2,5 ( R.2 ) ; dan 1:3 ( R.3 ) sebanyak 500 mL diumpankan ke bioreaktor. setiap 3 hari sekali dengan jumlah stater kotoran sapi 6L.. Dilakukan analisis Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Volatile Suspended Solid (VSS) dan Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) awal. Volume biogas diukur setiap hari. Sedangkan kandungan Total Suspended Solid, Volatile Suspended Solid dan Chemical Oxygen Demand dianalisis setiap 1 minggu sekali. Analisis TSS dan VSS dengan metode APHA 2005 dan COD dengan metode SNI (2009) serta volume biogas dengan manometer air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan produksi biogas pada R.1 diperoleh akumulasi volume biogas sebesar 1640,949 mL, pada hari ke-9 dengan pH 7 kadar CH4 sebesar 9,895% dan kadar CO2 sebesar 36,930%.  Rancangan 2 ( R.2) volume biogas terbesar dihasilkan pada hari ke-20 sebesar 119,669 mL dengan kadar metana sebesar 15,849%, kadar CO2 sebesar 43,282% dan pH 5.Pada rancangan 3 ( R3) volume biogas terbesar dihasilkan pada hari ke-10 sebesar 158,24 mL dengan kadar metana sebesar 35,355%, kadar CO2 sebesar 35,271% dan pH 7. Pengumpanan secara fed batch campuran Vinasse dan air pada produksi biogas setiap 3 hari sekali akan menekan efek inhibitor. Bahan organik yang telah terdegradasi menjadi gas akan selalu ditambahkan sehingga bahan organik yang terdapat di dalam substrat selalu ada. Kondisi ketersediaan substrat yang cukup akan  menghasilkan biogas maksimal.

Keywords


Biogas, vinasse, levels of CH4 , fed batch.

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References

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jrekpros.34422

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