Life Cycle Assessment Pabrik Semen PT Holcim Indonesia Tbk. Pabrik Cilacap: Komparasi antara Bahan Bakar Batubara dengan Biomassa
Taufan Ratri Harjanto(1*), Moh Fahrurrozi(2), I Made Bendiyasa(3)
(1) 
(2) 
(3) 
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
PT. Holcim Indonesia Tbk. Pabrik Cilacap dengan kapasitas produksi 2,6 juta ton/tahun telah menggunakan sekam padi sebagai energi alternatif biomassa. Penggantian batubara dengan biomassa akan menimbulkan emisi dan dampak ke lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi dampak lingkungan penggunaan batubara dan biomassa dengan menggunakan metode Life Cycle Assessment (LCA).
Pendekatan cradle to gate digunakan untuk mengevaluasi 4 skenario penggunaan bahan bakar: (1) 100% batubara, (2) campuran 90% batubara dan 10% biomassa, (3) campuran 50% batubara dan 50% biomassa, (4) 100% biomassa, dengan basis 1000 kg produk semen. Langkah-langkah evaluasi mengacu pada ISO 14040 tahun 2006 yang terdiri dari: (1) pendefinisian tujuan dan ruang lingkup, (2) analisis inventori, (3) analisis/penakaran dampak, (4) interpretasi.
Hasil analisis kontribusi dampak terhadap lingkungan dengan skenario 1, 2, 3, dan 4 diperoleh nilai kontribusi total berturut-turut 2,78 x10-1 Pt, 2,24 x10-1Pt, 1,57 x10-1Pt, dan 8,50 x10-2 Pt. Kategori dampak global warming, respiratory inorganic dan resources merupakan kontributor terbesar dari total dampak terhadap lingkungan. Analisis perbaikan dan rekomendasi mengurangi dampak yang terjadi yaitu mengganti angkutan truck pasir silika dengan kereta api, bahan bakar biomassa menggunakan miscanthus giganteus dan melakukan penghijauan.
Kata kunci : PT Holcim Indonesia Tbk. Pabrik Cilacap, Life Cycle Assessment, Komparasi batubara dengan biomassa
PT. Holcim Indonesia Tbk. Cilacap having capacity of 2.6 million ton/year uses rice husk as alternative fuels. The utilization of the rice husk will effect the environment. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effects of biomass utilization to environment using life cycle assessment (LCA) method.
The “cradle to gate” approach was used to evaluate four scenarios of different fuel combinations: (1) 100% coal, (2) mixed fuel of 90% coal and 10% biomass, (3) mixed fuel of 50% coal and 50% biomass, (4) 100% biomass as primary fuels in the kiln for 1000 kg cement. Evaluation of environment impact related to each scenario was using ISO 14040 (2006) that consists of: (1) goal definition and scoping, (2) inventory analysis, (3) impact assessment, and (4) interpretation.
Results showed by contribution analysis, the scenario 1, 2, 3, and 4, give 2.78 x10-1 Pt, 2.24 x10-1Pt, 1.57 x10-1Pt, and 8.50 x10-2 Pt respectively. It was also found that the global warming, respiratory inorganic and resources give significant impacts to the environment. It is suggested to replace silica tranportation using train, to utilize miscanthus giganteus and to grow plants or reforestry.
Keywords: PT Holcim Indonesia Tbk Cilacap Plant, Life Cycle Assessment, Comparative Coal with Biomass.
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PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jrekpros.4696
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