Pemanfaatan Zeolit Alam Klinoptilolite Sebagai Katalisator dalam Alkoholisis Minyak Jarak
Ratna Sri Harjanti(1*)
(1) 
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Penggunaan katalisator padat pada proses alkoholisis diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kemurnian ester karena katalis padat lebih mudah dipisahkan dari pada katalis cair. Salah satu jenis katalisator padat adalah zeolit alam klinoptilolite. Dengan pertimbangan kemudahan dalam pemisahan sisa katalis dari ester yang terbentuk, maka di lakukan penelitian tentang alkoholisis minyak jarak dengan katalisator zeolit klinoptilolite dalam autoklaf. Minyak jarak, etanol, dan serbuk zeolit klinoptilolite dimasukkan ke dalam autoklaf yang dilengkapi dengan manometer, termometer, kran pengambil cuplikan, dan pemanas, kemudian autoklaf diputar. Cuplikan diambil pada setiap selang waktu 10 menit. Konversi reaksi dicari dengan menganalisa kadar gliserol lapisan bawah dengan cara asetin. Reaksi dilakukan pada suhu 120°C dan pada kecepatan putaran autoklaf 110 rpm dengan variasi prosentase katalisator dan perbandingan ekivalen etanol-minyak. Pembentukan ester diawali dengan pengaktifan etanol oleh zeolit membentuk senyawa alkoxide. Alkoxide inilah yang akan menyerang gugus karbonil pada trigiserid minyak jarak, sehingga terbentuk ester. Zeolit klinoptilolite dapat digunakan sebagai katalisator reaksi alkoholisis dengan kondisi proses yang relatif baik dijumpai pada prosentase katalisator 2,56% dan perbandingan ekivalen etanol-minyak 12,55 mgek/mgek. Pada keadaan ini konversi gliserid mencapai 73%.
Kata kunci: alkoholisis, klinoptilolite, minyak jarak, zeolit
The use of solid catalyst in alcoholysis can increase the purity of ester because the separation process of solid catalyst is simpler than that of liquid catalyst. Prior to the ester formation, the ethanol was activated by the zeolite, forming alkoxide molecules. These molecules can attack the carbonyl functional group at the triglyceride in Jatropha oil and form ester. Jatropha oil, ethanol, and clinoptilolite zeolite powder were added into an autoclave equipped with manometer, thermometer, sampling valve, and heater. The autoclave was then powered up and rotated, and sampling was performed at time interval of 10 minutes. The reaction was performed at a temperature of 120°C and an autoclave rotation speed 110 rpm, with varied catalyst percentage and ethanol-oil equivalent ratio. The conversion was determined by analyzing the glycerol concentration of the lower layer with acetyl method. This study confirms that clinoptilolite type zeolite is effective catalyst for alcoholysis of jatropha oil. When the ethanol-oil ratio was 12.55 mgek/mgek, the catalyst percentage was 2.56% weight, the glyceride conversion reached 73%.
Key words: alcoholysis, clinoptilolite, Jatropha oil, zeolite
Kata kunci: alkoholisis, klinoptilolite, minyak jarak, zeolit
The use of solid catalyst in alcoholysis can increase the purity of ester because the separation process of solid catalyst is simpler than that of liquid catalyst. Prior to the ester formation, the ethanol was activated by the zeolite, forming alkoxide molecules. These molecules can attack the carbonyl functional group at the triglyceride in Jatropha oil and form ester. Jatropha oil, ethanol, and clinoptilolite zeolite powder were added into an autoclave equipped with manometer, thermometer, sampling valve, and heater. The autoclave was then powered up and rotated, and sampling was performed at time interval of 10 minutes. The reaction was performed at a temperature of 120°C and an autoclave rotation speed 110 rpm, with varied catalyst percentage and ethanol-oil equivalent ratio. The conversion was determined by analyzing the glycerol concentration of the lower layer with acetyl method. This study confirms that clinoptilolite type zeolite is effective catalyst for alcoholysis of jatropha oil. When the ethanol-oil ratio was 12.55 mgek/mgek, the catalyst percentage was 2.56% weight, the glyceride conversion reached 73%.
Key words: alcoholysis, clinoptilolite, Jatropha oil, zeolite
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PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jrekpros.552
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