Jurnal Sain Veteriner (JSV), with registered number ISSN 0126-0421 (print), ISSN 2407-3733 (online) is a national scientific journal published by Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Veterinary Medical Association (PDHI) with Cooperation Agreement No. 005/PBPDHI.KU/PK/III/2024 and No. 882/UN1/FKH/TU/HK.4/2024. The journal is accredited by Director General of Higher Education, Research, and Technology Number 10/C/C3/DT.05.00/2025 dated March 21, 2025 concerning the Accreditation Ranking of Scientific Journals for Period I of 2025 that JSV occupies the Sinta 2 Ranking (S2). Publication in JSV including original articles, reviews and case reports of a high scientific and ethical standard in all aspects of veterinary and biomedical research. Since 2020, JSV has been published 3 times a year, in April, August and December. The primary aim of the journal is to inform veterinary and biomedical scientists of significant advances in veterinary and related research through prompt publication and dissemination. Secondly, the journal aims to provide a general multi-disciplinary forum for discussion and debate of news and issues concerning veterinary science. Thirdly, to promote the dissemination of knowledge to a broader range of professions, globally. JSV encourages papers providing results that have clear implications for understanding disease pathogenesis and for the development of control measures or treatments, as well as those dealing with a comparative biomedical approach, which represents a substantial improvement to animal and human health.
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada bekerjasama dengan PB PDHI
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Protective Effects of Red Spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.) Ethanolic Extract on Tracheal Histopathology in Cigarette Smoke-Exposed Wistar Rats
Cigarette smoke generates free radicals that can cause various respiratory disorders. Red spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.) is a plant rich in antioxidants, which may help neutralize free radicals produced by cigarette smoke exposure. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of red spinach ethanol extract on the trachea of Wistar rats exposed to cigarette smoke. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups: K (distilled water), KN (cigarette smoke exposure), P1 (cigarette smoke exposure with 200 mg/kg BW extract), and P2 (cigarette smoke exposure with 400 mg/kg BW extract). Treatments were administered daily for 21 consecutive days. On day 22, the rats were euthanized, and their tracheas were collected for histological analysis. The tracheal tissues were processed using the paraffin embedding method and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The evaluated parameters included epithelial cell height, tracheal lumen diameter, and goblet cell number. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan’s post hoc test, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results demonstrated that exposure to cigarette smoke (KN group) significantly disrupted the tracheal histological structure (p < 0.05). However, administration of 400 mg/kg BW red spinach ethanol extract (P2 group) exhibited a protective effect by preserving epithelial cell height, lumen diameter, and goblet cell number comparable to those of the control group (K). In conclusion, red spinach ethanol extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg BW effectively protects the tracheal structure of Wistar rats against cigarette smoke-induced damage by maintaining epithelial cell height, lumen diameter, and goblet cell number at near-normal levels.
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Profil Resistensi Antimikroba Bakteri pada Burung Bondol Haji (Lonchura maja) sebagai Potensi Reservoir Lingkungan
Resistensi antimikroba (AMR) merupakan krisis kesehatan global yang memerlukan pendekatan terintegrasi One Health untuk memitigasi penyebarannya pada manusia, hewan, dan lingkungan. Burung liar, melalui mobilitasnya berpotensi berperan signifikan sebagai bioindikator dan disseminator bakteri resisten. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat ptofil AMR pada bakteri yang diisolasi dari burung Bondol Haji (Lonchura maja). Sebanyak 25 sampel swab kloaka diambil di wilayah Yogyakarta pada Juli–Agustus 2025. Isolasi bakteri dilakukan menggunakan prosedur standar, diikuti uji sensitivitas menggunakan metode Kirby–Bauer dengan enam antibiotik disk. Hasil penelitian mengidentifikasi L. maja membawa berbagai bakteri termasuk bakteri patogen, non patogen dan oportunistik patogen yang dominansi oleh Enterobacter spp. (32%) dan Escherichia coli (12%). Resistensi antibiotik pada bakteri terjadi terhadap berbagai kelas antibiotik termasuk Ceftriaxone (CRO) yang diklasifikasikan sebagai Highest Priority Critically Important Antimicrobial (HPCIA) pada manusia. Tidak ditemukan korelasi signifikan antara resistensi antibiotik dengan indeks Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) yang tinggi, mengindikasikan peran AMR inducer lain selain antibiotik dan adanya transmisi resisten dari bakteri lingkungan yang membentuk profil AMR dari bakteri yang diisolasi pada L. maja. Studi ini menegaskan peran L. maja sebagai reservoir lingkungan potensial yang memerlukan penelitian lanjutan untuk mengetahui sumber dan mekanisme AMR.
Utilization of Filter Paper as an Innovative Transport Medium for Salmonella typhi and Shigella dysenteriae Bacteria: A Review of Effectiveness.
The World Health Organization (WHO) released the Guidance on Regulations for the Transport of Infectious Substances 2023–2024 to minimize the risk of disease transmission caused by mishandling or leakage of infectious materials during transport. This initiative is reinforced by the Indonesian Directorate General of Civil Aviation, which restricts the amount of liquid material allowed on both domestic and international flights. In line with these policies, this study aimed to assess the effectiveness of filter paper as an alternative transport medium for Gram-negative bacteria, Salmonella typhi and Shigella dysenteriae, based on different storage durations at 37°C in the URB-Balitbangkes Laboratory in RSUP West Nusa Tenggara. The research employed an experimental laboratory design, using six samples with three repetitions, which resulted in 18 culture cups for each bacterium. Biochemical and Gram-staining tests confirmed positive results for both S. typhi and S. dysenteriae on the filter paper transport media. Bacterial growth remained consistent (+3) across all storage periods of 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, and 14 days. The findings demonstrate that filter paper can function effectively as a dry preservation medium, offering a practical and safe method for transporting infectious bacterial cultures over time.
Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria From Pineapple Peels Fermented Beverages Through 16S rRNA Gene Analysis
Stunting is associated with intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, which disrupts bodily functions and contributes to stunted growth in children. Consuming probiotics is an alternative way to prevent gastrointestinal infections caused by dysbiotic microbiota. Probiotics work by balancing the composition of the intestinal microbiota and stimulating the immune response. The use of fermented products is well known; one example is tepache, a fermented pineapple peel drink containing lactic acid bacteria with potential as a probiotic. This study aims to identify lactic acid bacteria from fermented pineapple peel drinks with potential as probiotics for intestinal microbiota health. Pineapple peel fermentation was carried out for 3 days; the resulting fermentation liquid was cultured on MRS agar and tested for characteristics using biochemical tests. Identification of isolates from the pineapple peel fermentation culture was performed by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. The results of the isolate culture showed growth of 2 bacterial isolates with characteristics consistent with LAB colonies. Microscopic tests showed that isolate N1 was a gram-positive, rod-shaped LAB, and isolate N2 was a gram-positive, cocobacilli-shaped LAB. Identification of the 16S rRNA gene from isolate N1 showed characteristics similar to Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, while isolate N2 showed characteristics similar to Leuconostoc mesenteroides. These isolates are common lactic acid bacteria found in fermented foods and may be potential probiotic candidates, but functional and safety evaluations are needed to confirm their probiotic properties.
Ekspresi TNF-α Histopatologi Ginjal Pada Tikus Model Sepsis Sebagai Efek Preventif Diberi Nanoemulsi Burdock Yang Diinduksi Bakteri MRSA
One of the natural ingredients utilized as a traditional medicinal herb is Arctium lappa L. or commonly called burdock. This plant has roots, leaves, seeds that have been used to treat infections and various skin disorders. Burdock is used for anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, infection-fighting, and anti-tumor regulating activities. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of Arctium lappa L. root extract on renal histopathology and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) expression in white rat sepsis model after Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteria administration. Where in this research stage is divided into 5 groups of test animal treatment. Each group was injected with MRSA bacterial suspension with a standard MC Farland turbidity test of 0.5. The results of this research obtained that burdock root extract is able to inhibit inflammation of sepsis test animals caused by MRSA bacteria with the average value of TNF- α reaction presentation, namely K1 (-) (13.632; 14.756), K2 (+) (33.291; 29,568), K3 (150 mg/kg BW) (35,458; 33,273), K4 (300 mg/kg BW) (36,120; 28,731) K5 (450 mg/kg BW) (28,086; 228,084. So it can be stated that Arctium lappa L root extract is able to inhibit inflammation with the use of the most effective dose of 450 mg/kg BW.
Seroprevalensi Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza pada Sistem Peternakan Itik Mengembara di Kabupaten Purbalingga
Avian Influenza merupakan penyakit zoonosis pada unggas yang disebabkan oleh virus Orthomyxoviridae. Infeksi HPAI pada itik biasanya tidak menimbulkan gejala klinis. Sistem pemeliharaan itik mengembara berpotensi dalam menyebarkan virus HPAI. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghitung seroprevalensi dan mengidentifikasi faktor risiko kejadian HPAI pada peternakan itik mengembara di Kabupaten Purbalingga, Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Dua puluh delapan (28) peternakan dipilih sebagai sampel secara purposive dalam penelitian ini dan lima itik setiap peternakan diambil secara acak sederhana untuk mengumpulkan sampel. Diagnosis serologis dilakukan dengan uji HI. Pengujian serum dilakukan di Balai Besar Veteriner (BBVet) Wates. Faktor risiko terhadap penyakit HPAI diperoleh dengan melakukan pengamatan kandang, ternak, dan wawancara langsung dengan pemilik ternak. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif dan pengukuran faktor risiko dihitung menggunakan Chi-Square (X2) dan Odds Ratio (OR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seroprevalensi HPAI pada peternakan itik mengembara di Kabupaten Purbalingga sebesar 50%. Status vaksinasi dan tindakan membersihkan alat angkut merupakan faktor risiko yang berasosiasi terhadap kejadian HPAI pada sistem peternakan itik mengembara.
Efek Pengobatan Kombinasi Diminazene Aceturate dan Fenazone terhadap Re-Infestasi Theileria sp. pada Sapi Potong di Kelompok Ternak Ngudi Makmur, Kapanewon Sleman, Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Ectoparasite infestation in cattle is common in Yogyakarta. Data obtained from the Animal Husbandry and Animal Health Service of Sleman Regency explained that of the entire cattle population in Kapanewon Sleman, 80% experienced ectoparasite infestation. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of antiparasitic drugs against Theileria sp. reinfestation, which primarily attacks livestock in Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta. The method used in this study is descriptive, comparing all stages of the results. The parameter for antiparasitic treatment is based on laboratory results that show Theileria sp. infestation in cattle. Observation of the development of the disease is carried out by periodically examining blood parasites and ectoparasites. The results of this study indicate that treatment using Diminazene Aceturate and Fenazone is effective against Theileria sp. parasite infestation, this is evidenced by negative results in post-treatment blood tests. Monitoring of disease development is done by conducting a blood test again, the results found that there was a reinfestation of Theileria sp. in livestock, this can occur due to poor cage hygiene management which causes Haemaphisalis sp. and Rhipicephalus sp. infestation to continue to develop in the environment as a vector of Theileria sp.
Efek Suplementasi L-cysteine, Selenium, dan Kombinasinya Terhadap Kualitas Spermatozoa Pada Kriopreservasi Semen Sapi Peranakan Ongole
Dampak penurunan kualiatas spermatozoa selama kriopreservasi semen akibat adanya reactive oxygen species (ROS) dapat diantisipasi dengan antioksidan. Antioksidan yang bisa digunakan adalah l-cysteine, selenium, dan kombinasinya. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan antioksidan l-cysteine, selenium dan kombinasinya terhadap kualitas spermatozoa selama proses kriopreservasi semen sapi PO. Penelitian ini menggunakan 5 ekor sapi PO (5-10) tahun yang dipelihara di Balai Inseminasi Buatan (BIB) Lembang. Semen dikoleksi dari 5 ekor sapi tersebut masing-masingn diambil 1 ejakulat dengan menggunakan vagina buatan. Setiap ejakulat dibagi menjadi empat bagian, masing-masing bagian diencerkan dengan kuning telur dan susu skim (pengencer A), dilanjutkan dengan pengencer B (gliserol, susu skim, glukosa, dan kuning telur) pada suhu 37oC. Bagian 1 (kontrol), bagian 2 (1 mM l-cysteine), bagian 3 (0,05 mM selenium), dan bagian 4 (kombinasi 1 mM l-cystein + 0,05 mM selenium), selanjutnya dimasukkan ke dalam cool top untuk di equilibrasi pada suhu 4oC selama 2-3 jam dan dilakukan pemeriksaan motilitas. Semen dimasukkan ke dalam straw dan dibekukan dalam container yang mengandung nitrogen cair. Thawing semen beku pada suhu 37oC elama 30 detik dilanjutkan dengan pemeriksaan motilitas spermatozoa, viabilitas spermatozoa, dan recovery rate. Hasil menunjukkan persentase motilitas, recovery rate, dan viabilitas spermatozoa yang paling tinggi adalah semen dengan penambahan l-cysteine (1mM) dan selenium (0,05 mM) berturut-turut pada nilai (48,00 ± 2,73), (67,60 ± 3,85), (67,88 ± 3,88) dan (46,00 ± 2,23), (64,78 ± 3,14), (65,10 ± 4,02). Simpulan menunjukkan bahwa antioksidan l-cysteine dan selenium dapat meningkatkan motilitas, recovery rate, dan viabilitas spermatozoa post thawing pada sapi PO.
Kualitas Semen Cair Domba dalam Pengencer Komersial Berbasis Tris Kuning Telur dengan Penambahan Glutation
Penyimpanan semen cair berpotensi meningkatkan pembentukan radikal bebas dan stres oksidatif, yang menyebabkan kerusakan membran plasma spermatozoa dan penurunan kualitas semen. Glutation merupakan antioksidan yang mampu menetralkan radikal bebas dan mengurangi kerusakan oksidatif, sehingga berpotensi menjaga kualitas spermatozoa selama penyimpanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh penambahan glutation terhadap kualitas semen cair domba dalam pengencer komersial berbasis tris kuning telur. Semen segar dengan motilitas ≥70% diencerkan dengan penambahan glutation pada konsentrasi 0 mM (GSH-0), 2 mM (GSH-2), dan 4 mM (GSH-4), kemudian disimpan pada suhu 4 selama enam hari. Evaluasi dilakukan setiap 24 jam terhadap motilitas, viabilitas, keutuhan membran plasma (MPU), dan abnormalitas spermatozoa. Hasil hari keenam menunjukkan bahwa GSH-4 memberikan hasil terbaik, dengan motilitas 64,00 ± 2,24%, viabilitas 84,95 ± 1,12%, MPU 85,93 ± 0,46%, dan abnormalitas 9,47 ± 0,66%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penambahan glutation 4 mM efektif dalam mempertahankan kualitas semen cair domba selama pada suhu
The Impact of Overcrowding on the Histopathology of Catfish Organs in Aquaculture Systems
Overcrowding is a major environmental stressor in confined-container fish farming systems. This condition can degrade water quality and trigger stress responses that damage the fish's internal organs. This study aimed to analyze the effect of stocking density on histopathological changes in the gills, liver, spleen, and kidney of catfish (Clarias sp.). Fish were reared for 30 days at four different stocking densities: 10, 20, 30, and 40 individuals per bucket (50 L). Histopathological examination used Hematoxylin–Eosin staining. The results showed that increasing stocking density correlated strongly with lesion severity. The gills exhibited epithelial hyperplasia and lamella fusion, kidneys exhibited hydropic degeneration, and the spleen showed increased melanomacrophage centers (MMCs) and white pulp depletion. These findings confirm that overcrowding causes significant damage to catfish's vital organs, thus high stocking densities are not recommended for confined-container fish farming systems.
Preparasi dan Karakterisasi Material Pengisi Nanokomposit Antibakteri dari Limbah Daun Nanas untuk Aplikasi Medis
Infeksi bakteri merupakan salah satu permasalahan utama dalam penggunaan material medis seperti wound dressing, implan, dan biomaterial lainnya. Oleh karena itu, material dengan kemampuan antibakteri menjadi sangat penting untuk mencegah pertumbuhan mikroorganisme patogen yang dapat menyebabkan infeksi pada jaringan tubuh. Serat selulosa berbasis biomassa dapat berfungsi sebagai matriks atau bahan pengisi yang mendukung penambahan agen antibakteri, sehingga menghasilkan material yang tidak hanya memiliki sifat mekanik yang baik tetapi juga memiliki aktivitas biologis yang bermanfaat. Pemanfaatan nanofiber dari limbah daun nanas sebagai bahan pengisi nanokomposit antibakteri merupakan salah satu strategi yang menjanjikan dalam pengembangan biomaterial medis yang berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan preparasi dan karakterisasi nanofiber dari limbah daun nanas sebagai material pengisi nanokomposit yang berpotensi digunakan untuk aplikasi medis. Penelitian ini menggunakan true experimental design. Proses preparasi dilakukan melalui tahapan degumming menggunakan larutan NaOH 5% untuk menghilangkan komponen non-selulosa seperti lignin, hemiselulosa, pektin, dan pengotor lainnya, yang dilanjutkan dengan proses bleaching menggunakan H₂O₂ untuk meningkatkan kemurnian selulosa. Karakterisasi material dilakukan menggunakan Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) untuk menganalisis perubahan gugus fungsi kimia, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) untuk mengamati morfologi permukaan serat, serta uji mekanik (uji tarik) untuk mengevaluasi sifat mekanik serat. Hasil analisis FTIR menunjukkan penurunan intensitas peregangan gugus karbonil pada rentang 1730–1750 cm⁻¹ yang mengindikasikan berkurangnya komponen hemiselulosa dan pengotor pada serat. Hasil pengamatan SEM menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan kimia mampu mengurangi sebagian besar lapisan lignin, lilin, dan pektin pada permukaan serat sehingga menghasilkan struktur nanofiber dengan luas permukaan yang lebih tinggi. Uji mekanik menunjukkan bahwa serat daun nanas memiliki potensi sebagai bahan penguat alami dalam material komposit meskipun terjadi penurunan kekuatan tarik setelah perlakuan kimia. Secara keseluruhan, nanofiber dari limbah daun nanas memiliki karakteristik yang baik dan berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai material pengisi nanokomposit antibakteri yang ramah lingkungan untuk berbagai aplikasi medis.
Exploitation of Antibiofilm Substances by Endophytic Bacteria of Renggak Fruit (Amomum dealbatum) Against Staphylococcus aureus, the Cause of Nosocomial Infections
Nosocomial infections can be caused by biofilm-forming microorganisms. The ability to form biofilms results in persistent, recurrent, and 100-1000 times more resistant to antibiotics. One of the biofilm-forming bacteria is Staphylococcus aureus. The renggak plant (Amomum dealbatum Roxb.) which contains alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, and saponins is known to play a role in inhibiting bacterial biofilm formation. This study used an in vitro experimental design aimed to analyzing the antibiofilm activity of endophytic bacteria against Staphylococcus aureus using the plate tissue culture method. The results obtained five endophytic bacterial isolates, including BI1, BI2, BI3, BI4, and BI5. The percentage of biofilm inhibitory activity by cell-free supernatants of endophytic bacteria was 35%, 0%, 37%, 44%, and 39%, respectively, with a positive control was 42%. Meanwhile, the biofilm revealing activity was 39%, 42%, 41%, 38%, and 36%, respectively, with a positive control was 56%. The results of the One Way ANOVA statistical test obtained a significance result of 0.000 (p<0.005), which means there was a significant difference between the treatment groups in the antibiofilm test. The conclusion is the cell-free supernatant of endophytic bacteria from renggak fruit has inhibitory and degradation activity against Staphylococcus aureus bacterial biofilms.
Prevalensi, Distribusi, dan Faktor Risiko Parasit Zoonotik Potensial pada Tikus (Rattus norvegicus) di Zona Buffer dan Perimeter Pelabuhan Sabang
Tikus ( Rattus norvegicus ) berperan sebagai hewan reservoir parasit zoonotik terutama di kawasan pelabuhan dengan aktivitas manusia dan operasional logistik yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis parasit zoonotik yang berpotensi menginfeksi tikus, mengetahui kepadatan tikus di zona penyangga dan perimeter Pelabuhan Sabang, serta menganalisis hubungan antara faktor lingkungan dengan keberadaan tikus. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan metode purposive sampling . Sebanyak 64 ekor tikus berhasil ditangkap menggunakan perangkap hidup. Pemeriksaan parasit dilakukan melalui metode sentrifugasi, modifikasi Ziehl–Neelsen , gerusan organ, dan identifikasi ektoparasit, sedangkan analisis statistik dilakukan menggunakan uji Chi-square , uji Fisher, serta perhitungan Relative Risk (RR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepadatan relatif tikus di Pelabuhan Sabang tergolong tinggi dengan kepadatan tertinggi pada CT2 (27,14%), diikuti Kawasan Penyangga 1 (22,86%), Kawasan Penyangga 2 (14,29%), CT1 (14,29%), dan CT3 (12,86%). Parasit yang teridentifikasi meliputi Hymenolepis nana (18,8%), Hymenolepis diminuta (14,1%), Strongyloides spp. (28,1%), Capillaria hepatica (10,9%), ooista Isospora sp. (4,7%), serta ektoparasit Xenopsylla cheopis (9,4%) dan Ornithonyssus sp. (35,9%). Faktor lingkungan yang berhubungan signifikan dengan keberadaan tikus adalah kondisi drainase, keberadaan sisa pangan, kondisi Tempat Pembuangan Sampah (TPS), dan celah akses ( ρ < 0,05). Dalam pendekatan One Health , temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor sanitasi dan kondisi fisik lingkungan berperan penting dalam menentukan kepadatan tikus serta potensi risiko parasit zoonotik di Kawasan Pelabuhan Sabang.
HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK DEMOGRAFI, PENGETAHUAN, DAN SIKAP TERHADAP PRAKTIK HIGIENE SANITASI PEKERJA RUMAH POTONG HEWAN-UNGGAS DI DKI JAKARTA
Peningkatan konsumsi daging ayam sebagai pangan asal hewan menuntut penerapan higiene dan sanitasi yang baik di Rumah Potong Hewan Unggas (RPHU) untuk menjamin keamanan pangan dan kesehatan masyarakat veteriner. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan pengetahuan, sikap, dan praktik higiene sanitasi pekerja RPHU di Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada enam RPHU dengan melibatkan 90 pekerja area bersih. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner pengetahuan, sikap, dan praktik serta observasi lapangan, kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif dan menggunakan analisis jalur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan dan sikap pekerja umumnya berada pada kategori sedang hingga baik, sedangkan praktik higiene sanitasi masih didominasi kategori sedang. Analisis jalur menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pengetahuan, pengetahuan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap sikap, serta pengetahuan dan sikap berpengaruh signifikan terhadap praktik kebersihan sanitasi, sedangkan umur berpengaruh negatif terhadap praktik. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan praktik higiene sanitasi di RPHU memerlukan penguatan pengetahuan dan sikap pekerja melalui pendidikan dan pelatihan berkelanjutan, disertai pengawasan yang konsisten dan dukungan sarana sanitasi yang memadai guna menurunkan risiko kontaminasi dan meningkatkan keamanan pangan asal hewan.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Dimetil Sulfoksida pada Pembekuan Lambat dan Cepat terhadap Kualitas Sperma Ayam Bangkok Post Thawing
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pembekuan cepat dan lambat dengan berbagai konsentrasi dimetil sulfoksida (DMSO) terhadap kualitas sperma Bangkok setelah thawing. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 5 tingkat perlakuan, yaitu pembekuan lambat DMSO 7%, pembekuan lambat DMSO 14%, pembekuan cepat DMSO 7%, pembekuan cepat DMSO 14%, dan pembekuan cepat DMSO 21%. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis varians (ANOVA), jika ditemukan pengaruh signifikan, dilanjutkan dengan Uji Jarak Berganda Duncan. Sebelum pembekuan, semen segar dari ayam jantan dievaluasi secara makroskopis dan mikroskopis. Untuk perlakuan pembekuan lambat, semen dilakukan proses ekuilibrasi (suhu 5 °C selama 2 jam) kemudian dilanjutkan ke tahap prefreezing (3 cm di atas nitrogen cair selama 10 menit) dan pembekuan. Pada pembekuan cepat, semen tidak melalui tahap ekuilibrasi, langsung prefreezing dan pembekuan. Motilitas, viabilitas, dan abnormalitas dievaluasi setelah thawing. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembekuan cepat dan lambat tidak mempengaruhi motilitas sperma dan abnormalitas pada sperma setelah thawing, tetapi mempengaruhi viabilitas sperma, di mana pembekuan cepat dengan konsentrasi DMSO 14% mampu meningkatkan viabilitas sperma. Sehingga teknik pembekuan cepat berpotensi menggantikan teknik pembekuan lambat yang umumnya diterapkan dalam riset kriopreservasi semen ayam lokal Indonesia.
Perbandingan Perilaku Harian Sapi Potong pada Alas Kandang yang Berbeda
Using appropriate bedding can enhance the welfare of beef cattle. This study was designed to evaluate the daily behavior of beef cattle kept on different types of bedding. Field research was conducted over a period of two months, using eight beef cattle, which were divided into two groups based on the type of bedding used, namely straw and rubber mats. The daily behaviors observed were the duration and frequency of eating, aggressive behavior, lying down, sleeping, standing, and elimination. The observation used was an intermittent method. The first group consisted of a pen block with straw bedding, and the second group consisted of a pen block with carpet bedding. Data analysis used the t-test and analysis of variance at a significance level of 5%. The results showed that all parameters did not reveal any differences; however, sleeping behavior was higher (P < 0.05) in the straw-bedded pens, with the highest percentage of sleep occurring in the afternoon. This study concluded that both straw and rubber carpet bedding are still capable of supporting the normal expression of the main daily behaviors of cows. Both types of bedding are still suitable for use in beef cattle husbandry systems.
Assessment of Biosecurity Implementation Among Traders in Live Bird Markets in Bogor
Live bird markets serve as aggregation points for birds from diverse geographic areas, creating potential hotspot for disease transmission. High levels of human and live bird movement, low hygiene and sanitation awareness, and inadequate implementation of biosecurity practices can increase the risk of disease transmission. Empirical data on the implementation of biosecurity practices at the trader level in live bird markets in Bogor remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate the level of biosecurity implementation among traders at live bird markets in Bogor City and Bogor Regency. A total of 15 traders were selected and assessed using a checklist a dapt Biosecurity levels were categorized as good, moderate, and poor level based on the assessment result. The result showed that biosecurity level among traders in live bird markets were moderate (100%). However, a relatively high degree of non-compliance was still observed across all biosecurity components. Key gaps included lack of bird health inspection, absence of isolation cages, high stocking density, poor hygiene practices, and inadequate waste management. These findings indicate that biosecurity practices in live bird markets remain suboptimal and require improvement through enhancing traders’ knowledge and awareness, improving market management by market authorities, and stronger regulatory enforcement by government. This study provides practical evidence to inform national policy development, particularly in strengthening biosecurity standards, regulatory frameworks, and targeted interventions for live bird market management in Indonesia.
Management of Bilateral Postpartum Uterine Prolapse In a Persian Cat At Klinik Hewan Jogja
Uterine prolapse is uterine mucosa eversion or protrusion through the cervix or vagina. Rarely do dogs or cats have uterine prolapse. occurs within 48 hours of delivery. Dystocia or regular labor might cause uterine prolapse. According to the cat owner, she gave birth at home to six healthy cats. After parturition, the cat was transferred to Klinik Hewan Jogja at 22.00 WIB with eversion of both uterine cornua, hemorrhage, hemorrhagic shock, and edema. It was determined that the cat had uterine prolapse in both cornuas. Ovariohysterectomy is surgical. Preoperative preparation includes tools, materials, the patient, the operator, and the assistant operator. Amputating both uterine cornua occurs intraoperatively. After surgery, give the cat ceftriaxone 20 mg/kg BW q12h IM, tramadol 3 mg/kg BW q12h SC, tranexamic acid 20 mg/kg BW q12h IM/IV, and iron supplement 0.4 ml q24h IM for 3 days. Q24h wound care includes cleaning with cotton wool moistened with NaCl+PenStrep and applying enough topical chloramphenicol cream. Based on anamnesis, physical examination, and clinical observations, the cat was diagnosed with uterine prolapse and treated with an ovariohysterectomy. After three days of observation, it was declared cured with no suture wound problems.
Studi Kasus: Mikroskopis dan Makroskopis Penyakit Coryza pada Ayam Petelur di Peternakan Tanjungsari, Sumedang
Ayam petelur memainkan peran penting dalam industri perunggasan di Indonesia, seiring dengan meningkatnya permintaan konsumen. Namun, produktivitas mereka seringkali terancam oleh penyakit infeksius, seperti Infeksi Coryza, yaitu penyakit pernapasan akut yang disebabkan oleh Avibacterium paragallinarum. Studi ini meneliti temuan patologis mikroskopis dan makroskopis dari penyakit Coryza pada ayam petelur di Peternakan Tanjungsari, Sumedang, guna meningkatkan pemahaman terhadap ciri khas penyakit ini dan menentukan langkah pengendalian yang efektif. Hasil nekropsi pada ayam yang terinfeksi menunjukkan lesi khas, termasuk pembengkakan wajah, eksudasi sinus infraorbital, konjungtivitis, peradangan trakea dan paru-paru, serta atresia folikel. Secara mikroskopis, ditemukan adanya kondisi hemoragi dan kongesti pada trakea dan paru-paru. Metode diagnostik yang digunakan merupakan isolasi kultur bakteri dan uji biokimia. Isolasi bakteri pada media agar coklat mengkonfirmasi keberadaan A. paragallinarum, yang semakin memperkuat diagnosis.
Morphology of Erythrocytes and Leukocytes of the Lesser Sunda Islands Pit Viper (Trimeresurus insularis): The Green Coloration from Bali Island and the Blue Coloration from Komodo Island
Indonesia is a tropical country with a diverse range of herpetofauna, one of which is the Trimeresurus insularis snake, a highly venomous species endemic to Indonesia. This snake is distributed across Java, Bali, West Nusa Tenggara, East Nusa Tenggara, and Wetar Island in Maluku Province. Despite its wide distribution, this species exhibits variations in body coloration. T. insularis from Bali is green, while those from Komodo Island are blue; however, both share the same red tail. This study aims to examine the morphology and morphometry of erythrocytes and leukocytes in T. insularis from different localities and color variations. The research utilized blood smear preparations from six healthy T. insularis individuals—three green coloration from Bali and three blue coloration from Komodo Island—analyzed using a microscope and Optilab Viewer camera. Cell morphometry was measured using ImageJ software. The morphometric measurements of erythrocytes included the length and width of the cytoplasm and nucleus, while leukocyte morphometry covered the cytoplasmic and nuclear diameters of heterophils, basophils, eosinophils, azurophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes. The erythrocyte morphology of T. insularis from both Bali and Komodo Island showed no differences. Morphometric data were analyzed using the Independent-Samples T Test. The results showed significant differences in the length and width of the erythrocyte nucleus, as well as in the cytoplasmic and nuclear diameters of lymphocytes. Meanwhile, no significant differences were found in erythrocyte length and width, as well as in the cytoplasmic and nuclear diameters of heterophils, basophils, eosinophils, and monocytes.
Escherichia coli O157:H7 Contamination Level in Dairy Farms in Yogyakarta Special Region
Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a zoonotic pathogenic microorganism that can cause serious infections in humans. Transmission from animals to humans due to contamination of animal products, especially milk, has been reported. The aim of this study was to calculate the level of Escherichia coli O157:H7 contamination and analyze the risk factors on dairy farms in Yogyakarta Special Region. The study involved 106 farms with milk samples from 460 dairy cows, 106 soil samples, 106 stable floor swab samples and 106 milker’s hand swab samples. Isolation and identification using MacConkey media and Indole, Methyl Red, Voges-Proskauer, Citrate (IMVic) media. Identification of Escherichia coli O157:H7 with Sorbitol MacConkey media and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with Stx1, Stx2 gene targets. Risk factor data were collected through observation and interviews with farmers and analyzed by descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression using SPSS. The results showed 72 out of 106 farms were positive for Escherichia coli (67.92%) with 94 milk samples, 17 soil, 11 cage floor swabs, 15 milkers' hand swabs. Five out of ninety-four milk-derived Escherichia coli isolates were identified as Escherichia coli 0157:H7 and spread across five farms (4.7%). Logistic regression results showed that the risk factors for Escherichia coli contamination in dairy farms in Yogyakarta Special Region are presence of other livestock species, cage conditions, cage disinfection, waste management and presence of streams.