Effect of Iron Toxicity on the Growth of Calliandra calothyrsus and Leucaena leucocephala Seedlings

https://doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.65654

Mohammad Agus Salim(1), Luluk Setyaningsih(2), Imam Wahyudi(3), Sri Wilarso Budi R(4*)

(1) Department Silviculture, Faculty of Forest and Environment, IPB University
(2) Faculty of Forest, Universitas Nusa Bangsa
(3) Department of Forest Product, Faculty of Forest and Environment, IPB University
(4) Department of Forest Product, Faculty of Forest and Environment, IPB University
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Iron (Fe) is a micro essential needed by plants in small amounts and can be toxic when available in large quantities. This study aimed to evaluate how Fe exposure affects the growth of C. callothyrsus and L. leucocephala seedlings. This study used a completely randomized design with factorial, where the first factor consisted of two levels of seedlings (C. calothyrsus and L. leucocephala), and the second factor consisted of Fe concentration which consisted of 8 levels (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25, 1.5, and 1.75 mM). The results showed that treatment of seedlings species and concentration of Fe was able to significantly affect the growth parameters (height, root length, root dry weight, shoots, and plant dry weight) of seedlings. The control treatment (without Fe) showed the highest growth response compared to those treated with Fe exposure and an increase in Fe concentration was able to reduce all growth parameters in both seedlings. The 0.5 mM Fe concentration reduced all growth parameters of C. calothyrsus drastically, while in L. leucocephala, the Fe 0.75 concentration was able to decrease all growth parameters drastically. The tolerance index of both seedlings decreased with increasing Fe concentration. The rate of photosynthesis did not show a significant difference between treatments, meanwhile, it had a significant effect on chlorophyll affect chlorophyll (a, b, and total chlorophyll) and carotenoid content. The highest Fe content in C. calothyrsus seedlings was at a concentration of 1.5 mM (4.40%), while in L. leucocephala seedlings, the highest Fe content was at 1.7 mM (2.87%).

 


Keywords


Calliandra calothyrsus; Fe exposure; growth; Leucaena leucocephala; seedlings

Full Text:

PDF


References

Aganga, A. A. & Tshwenyane, S. O., 2003. Lucerne, Lablab and Leucaena leucocephala forages: production and utilization for livestock production. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 2(2), pp.46–53.

Asch, F., Becker, M. & Kpongor, D. S., 2005. A quick and efficient screen for resistance to iron toxicity in lowland rice. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 168(6), pp.764–773.

Audebert, A., 2006. Iron partitioning as a mechanism for iron toxicity tolerance in lowland rice. Iron Toxicity in Rice-based Systems in West Africa. Africa Rice Center, Cotonou. p.34–46.

Awe, F. A. et al., 2013. Phytochemical analysis of Acalypha wilkesiana, Leucaena leucocephala, Pepperomia pellucida and Senna alata leaves. The International Journal of Engineering and Science, 2(9), pp.41–44.

Bala, A., Murphy, P. & Giller, K. E., 2003. Distribution and diversity of rhizobia nodulating agroforestry legumes in soils from three continents in the tropics. Molecular ecology, 12(4), pp.917–929.

Bernát, I., 1983, ‘The distribution of iron in nature’, in Iron metabolism, Springer, Boston, MA.

Bierschenk, B. et al., 2020. Evaluation of rice wild relatives as a source of traits for adaptation to iron toxicity and enhanced grain quality. PloS one, 15(1), e0223086.

Bozorgi, H. R., 2012. Effects of foliar spraying with marine plant Ascophyllum nodosum extract and nano iron chelate fertilizer on fruit yield and several attributes of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). Journal of agricultural and biological science, 7(5), pp.357–362.

Cabral, L. et al., 2015. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in phytoremediation of contaminated areas by trace elements: mechanisms and major benefits of their applications. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 31(11), pp.1655–1664.

Campbell, L. et al., 2007. Selenium and sulforaphane modify the expression of selenoenzymes in the human endothelial cell line EAhy926 and protect cells from oxidative damage. Nutrition, 23(2), pp.138–144.

Connolly, E. L. & Guerinot, M. Lou, 2002. Iron stress in plants. Genome biology, 3(8), reviews1024.1.

Conte, S. S. & Walker, E. L., 2011. Transporters contributing to iron trafficking in plants. Molecular Plant, 4(3), pp.464–476.

Curie, C. & Briat, J.-F., 2003. Iron transport and signaling in plants. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 54(1), pp.183–206.

Deng, Y. White, J. C. & Xing, B., 2014. Interactions between engineered nanomaterials and agricultural crops: implications for food safety. Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE A, 15(8), pp.552–572.

De Dorlodot, S. Lutts, S. & Bertin, P., 2005. Effects of ferrous iron toxicity on the growth and mineral composition of an interspecific rice. Journal of plant nutrition, 28(1), pp.1–20.

Dufey, I. et al., 2009. QTL mapping for biomass and physiological parameters linked to resistance mechanisms to ferrous iron toxicity in rice. Euphytica, 167(2), pp.143–160.

Effendy, M. I., Cahyono, P. & Prasetya, B., 2015. Pengaruh Toksisitas Besi Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Biomassa Pada Tiga Klon Tanaman Nanas. Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan, 2(2), pp.179–189.

Engel, K., Asch, F. & Becker, M., 2012. Classification of rice genotypes based on their mechanisms of adaptation to iron toxicity. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 175(6), pp.871–881.

Fageria, N. K., 2007. Yield physiology of rice. Journal of plant nutrition, 30(6), pp.843–879.

Fageria, N. K. et al., 2008. Iron toxicity in lowland rice. Journal of plant nutrition, 31(9), pp.1676–1697.

Fang, W.-C. et al., 2001. Iron induction of lipid peroxidation and effects on antioxidative enzyme activities in rice leaves. Plant Growth Regulation, 35(1), pp.75–80.

Franzel, S. et al., 2003. The adoption and scaling up of the use of fodder shrubs in central Kenya. Tropical grasslands, 37(4), pp.239–250.

Frei, M. et al., 2016. Responses of rice to chronic and acute iron toxicity: genotypic differences and biofortification aspects. Plant and Soil, 408(1), pp.149–161.

Gajewska, E. & Skłodowska, M., 2007. Relations between tocopherol, chlorophyll and lipid peroxides contents in shoots of Ni-treated wheat. Journal of plant physiology, 164(3), pp.364–366.

Giller, K. E., 2001. Nitrogen fixation in tropical cropping systems. Cabi.

Gross, J. et al., 2003. Iron homeostasis related genes in rice. Genetics and Molecular Biology, 26(4), pp.477–497.

Hansen, N. C. et al., 2006. ‘Iron nutrition in field crops’, in L.L. Barton & J. Abadia (eds.), Iron nutrition in plants and rhizospheric microorganisms, pp.23–59, Springer, Netherlands.

Hell, R. & Stephan, U. W., 2003. Iron uptake, trafficking and homeostasis in plants. Planta, 216(4), pp.541–551.

Herdiawan, I. & Sutedi, E., 2015. Productivity of Calliandra calothyrsus, Indigofera zollingeriana and Gliricidia sepium on acid soil in the greenhouse. Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner, 20(2), pp.105–114.

Jeong, J. & Connolly, E. L., 2009. Iron uptake mechanisms in plants: functions of the FRO family of ferric reductases. Plant science, 176(6), pp.709–714.

Jin, Z. et al., 2008. Impacts of combination of foliar iron and boron application on iron biofortification and nutritional quality of rice grain. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 31(9), pp.1599–1611.

Jorgenson, K. D., Lee, P. F. & Kanavillil, N., 2013. Ecological relationships of wild rice, Zizania spp. 11. Electron microscopy study of iron plaques on the roots of northern wild rice (Zizania palustris). Botany, 91(3), pp. 189–201.

Kabata-Pendias, A., 2010, Trace elements in soils and plants, CRC press.

Kabi, F. & Bareeba, F. B., 2008. Herbage biomass production and nutritive value of mulberry (Morus alba) and Calliandra calothyrsus harvested at different cutting frequencies. Animal feed science and technology, 140(1–2), pp.178–190.

Kampfenkel, K., Van Montagu, M. & Inzé, D., 1995. Effects of iron excess on Nicotiana plumbaginifolia plants: Implications to oxidative stress. Plant Physiology, 107(3), pp.725–735.

Kerkeb, L. & Connolly, E. L., 2006. Iron transport and metabolism in plants. Genetic engineering, 27, pp.119–140.

Khabaz-Saberi, H. et al., 2010. Variation for tolerance to high concentration of ferrous iron (Fe 2+) in Australian hexaploid wheat. Euphytica, 172(2), pp.275–283.

Kobayashi, T. & Nishizawa, N.K., 2012. Iron uptake, translocation, and regulation in higher plants. Annual review of plant biology, 63, pp.131–152.

Koutika, L.-S. et al., 2005. Comparative study of soil properties under Chromolaena odorata, Pueraria phaseoloides and Calliandra calothyrsus. Plant and Soil, 266(1), pp.315–323.

Kusmana, C., Setiadi, Y. & Al-Anshary, M.A.L., 2013. Study of plant growth as a result of revegetation in coal ex-mined land PT. Arutmin Indonesia Site Batulicin South Kalimantan. Jurnal Silvikultur Tropika, 4(3).

Lascano, C. & Stewart, J., 2003. Intake, digestibility and nitrogen utilization by sheep fed with provenances of Calliandra calothyrsus Meissner with different tannin structure. Archivos Latinoamericanos de Producción Animal, 11(1).

Li, G. et al., 2015. Ethylene is critical to the maintenance of primary root growth and Fe homeostasis under Fe stress in Arabidopsis. Journal of experimental botany, 66(7), pp.2041–2054.

Li, G., Kronzucker, H.J., & Shi, W., 2016. Root developmental adaptation to Fe toxicity: mechanisms and management. Plant signaling & behavior, 11(1), e1117722.

Liu, Y.J. & Ding, H., 2008. Variation in air pollution tolerance index of plans near of steal factory: Implication for landscape-plant species selection for industrial areas. WSEAS TRANSACTION on ENVIRONMENT and DEVELOPMENT, 4(1), pp.24-32.

Lins, C.E.L. et al., 2006. Growth of mycorrhized seedlings of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit. in a copper contaminated soil. Applied Soil Ecology, 31(3), pp.181–185.

Luna‐Orea, P., Wagger, M.G. & Gumpertz, M.L., 1996. Decomposition and nutrient release dynamics of two tropical legume cover crops. Agronomy Journal, 88(5), pp.758–764.

Mahender, A. et al., 2019. Tolerance of iron-deficient and-toxic soil conditions in rice. Plants, 8(2), 31.

Majeed, A. et al., 2020. Iron application improves yield, economic returns and grain-Fe concentration of mungbean. PLoS ONE, 15(3), e0230720.

Majerus, V., Bertin, P. & Lutts, S., 2007. Effects of iron toxicity on osmotic potential, osmolytes and polyamines concentrations in the African rice (Oryza glaberrima Steud.). Plant Science, 173(2), pp.96–105.

Mehraban, P., Zadeh, A.A., & Sadeghipour, H.R., 2008. Iron toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.), under different potassium nutrition. Asian J. Plant Sci, 7(3), pp.251–259.

Müller, C. et al., 2015. Differential physiological responses in rice upon exposure to excess distinct iron forms. Plant and Soil, 391(1), pp.123–138.

Nenova, V., 2006. Effect of iron supply on growth and photosystem II efficiency of pea plants. Gen Appl Plant Physiol, 32, pp.81–90.

Nogiya, M., Pandey, R.N. & Singh, B., 2016. Physiological basis of iron chlorosis tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa) in relation to the root exudation capacity. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 39(11), pp.1536–1546.

Noor, A. et al., 2016. Pengaruh Konsentrasi Besi dalam Larutan Hara terhadap Gejala Keracunan Besi dan Pertumbuhan Tanaman Padi. Indonesian Journal of Agronomy, 40(2), pp.91–98.

Novia, Q., Nista, D. & Permana I.G., 2015. Dry matter and organic digestibility of caliandra leaf water on etawag descent goat. Jurnal Pertanian Agros, 17(1), pp.109-120.

Onaga, G., Dramé, K. N. & Ismail, A. M., 2016. Understanding the regulation of iron nutrition: can it contribute to improving iron toxicity tolerance in rice?. Functional Plant Biology, 43(8), pp.709–726.

Onyango, D.A. et al., 2019. Mechanistic understanding of iron toxicity tolerance in contrasting rice varieties from Africa: 1. Morpho-physiological and biochemical responses. Functional Plant Biology, 46(1), pp.93–105.

Pereira, E.G. et al., 2013. Iron excess affects rice photosynthesis through stomatal and non-stomal limitation. Plant Science, 201, pp.81–92.

Pourrut, B. et al., 2011. Lead-induced DNA damage in Vicia faba root cells: potential involvement of oxidative stress. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 726(2), pp.123–128.

Quinet, M. et al., 2012. Combined transcriptomic and physiological approaches reveal strong differences between short‐and long‐term response of rice (Oryza sativa) to iron toxicity. Plant, Cell & Environment, 35(10), pp.1837–1859.

Radrizzani, A. et al., 2010. A grazier survey of the long-term productivity of leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala)-grass pastures in Queensland. Animal Production Science, 50(2), pp.105–113.

Roschzttardtz, H. et al., 2013. New insights into Fe localization in plant tissues. Frontiers in plant science, 4, 350.

Rout, G.R. & Sahoo, S., 2015. Role of iron in plant growth and metabolism. Reviews in Agricultural Science, 3, pp.1–24.

Sahrawat, K.L, 2005. Iron toxicity in wetland rice and the role of other nutrients. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 27(8), pp.1471–1504.

Sairam, R.K. & Saxena, D.C., 2000. Oxidative stress and antioxidants in wheat genotypes: possible mechanism of water stress tolerance. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 184(1), pp.55–61.

Sebuliba, E. et al., 2012. Enhanced growth of multipurpose Calliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus) using arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi in Uganda. The Scientific World Journal, 2012, 830357.

Shafiq, M., Iqbal, M.Z., & Mohammad, A., 2008. Effect of lead and cadmium on germination and seedling growth of Leucaena leucocephala. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 12(3).

Shimizu, A. et al., 2004. Phosphorus deficiency-induced root elongation and its QTL in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 109(7), pp.1361–1368.

Shiwachi, H. et al., 2006. Iron toxicity symptoms in yams (Dioscorea spp.) grown in water culture. Tropical Science, 46(3), pp.160–165.

Silveira, V.C. da et al., 2009. Role of ferritin in the rice tolerance to iron overload. Scientia Agricola, 66(4), pp.549–555.

Sims, D. A. & Gamon, J. A. 2002. Relationships between leaf pigment content and spectral reflectance across a wide range of species, leaf structures and developmental stages. Remote sensing of environment, 81(2–3), pp.337–354.

Sopandie, D., 1999. Genotypic differential of aluminum tolerance in soybean related to organic acid exudation and nitrate metabolism. Communication Agriculture, 5, pp.13–20.

Stein, R.J. et al., 2009. Distinct physiological responses of two rice cultivars subjected to iron toxicity under field conditions. Annals of Applied Biology, 154(2), pp.269–277.

Stürm, C.D. et al., 2007. Nutrient composition and in vitro ruminal fermentation of tropical legume mixtures with contrasting tannin contents. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 138(1), pp.29–46.

Takahashi, M. et al., 2001. Enhanced tolerance of rice to low iron availability in alkaline soils using barley nicotianamine aminotransferase genes. Nature biotechnology, 19(5), pp.466–469.

Turhadi, T. et al., 2018. Morpho-physiological resonses of rice genotypes and its clustering under hydroponic iron toxicity conditions. Asian J Agri & Biol, 6(4), pp.495–505.

Turhadi, T. et al., 2019. Iron toxicity-induced physiological and metabolite profile variations among tolerant and sensitive rice varieties. Plant signaling & behavior, 14(12), 1682829.

Wintz, H., Fox, T. & Vulpe, C., 2002. Responses of plants to iron, zinc and copper deficiencies. Biochemical Society Transactions, 30(4), pp.766–768.

Wu, L.-B. et al., 2014. Genetic and physiological analysis of tolerance to acute iron toxicity in rice. Rice, 7(1), 8.

Wu, L. et al., 2017. Shoot tolerance mechanisms to iron toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant, cell & environment, 40(4), pp.570–584.

Zayed, M.Z. & Samling, B., 2016. Phytochemical constituents of the leaves of Leucaena leucocephala from Malaysia. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci, 8(12), pp.174–179.

Zhai, Z. et al., 2014. OPT3 is a phloem-specific iron transporter that is essential for systemic iron signaling and redistribution of iron and cadmium in Arabidopsis. The Plant Cell, 26(5), pp.2249–2264.

Zhang, L. et al., 2018. Excess iron stress reduces root tip zone growth through nitric oxide‐mediated repression of potassium homeostasis in Arabidopsis. New Phytologist, 219(1), pp.259–274.

Zhang, X. et al., 2019. The adaptive mechanism of plants to iron deficiency via iron uptake, transport, and homeostasis. International journal of molecular sciences, 20(10), 2424.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.65654

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 2377 | views : 1732

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2021 Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Editoral address:

Faculty of Biology, UGM

Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia

ISSN: 2540-9581 (online)