Single-dose Acute Oral Toxicity Study of Chloroform Extract of Snake Plant (Sansevieria trifasciata Prain.) Leaf in Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769)

https://doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.69389

Laksmindra Fitria(1*), Isma Cahya Putri Gunawan(2), Wilda Bunga Tina Sanjaya(3), Maura Indria Meidianing(4)

(1) Department of Tropical Biology, Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Gadjah Mada University, Jalan Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Sleman, D.I. Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
(2) Student of Undergraduate Program in Faculty of Biology, Gadjah Mada University, Jalan Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Sleman, D.I. Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
(3) Student of Undergraduate Program in Faculty of Biology, Gadjah Mada University, Jalan Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Sleman, D.I. Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
(4) Student of Undergraduate Program in Faculty of Biology, Gadjah Mada University, Jalan Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Sleman, D.I. Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Sansevieria trifasciata is one of popular ornamental plants which also believed possessing therapeutic effects due to their phytochemical constituents. Secondary metabolites of plants can be toxic to other organisms; therefore, toxicity studies must be carried out to investigate adverse effects prior to further exploration as potent candidates of medicinal plants. This research aimed to evaluate toxicity and safety of consuming chloroform extract of S. trifasciata leaf (CESTL) in acute phase using female Wistar rats as model animal. Procedure referred to OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Test No. 420: Acute Oral Toxicity - Fixed Dose Procedure with single-dose administration of 2000 mg/kg bw. Results demonstrated that during 14 days of the experiment, neither mortality and sublethal effects as signs of toxicity were detected. There were no significant differences during the experiment between treatment groups and control in body weight, core temperature, individual and social behavior, food and water intake, as well as hematological profile, clinical biochemistry parameters, and relative organ weight (visceral organs indices). Almost all values were maintained within normal range (baseline) with fluctuation as normal physiological dynamics appeared relatively similar in all groups. Therefore, it can be concluded that no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) for single-dose oral administration of CESTL with the dose 2000 mg/kg bw and can be classified in the hazard of Category 5 based on Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). Based on this finding, we will continue to conduct further study to assess the repeated-dose acute oral toxicity.

 


Keywords


acute oral toxicity; chloroform extract; medicinal plants; OECD 420; Sansevieria trifasciata

Full Text:

PDF


References

Aclan, J.B.P. et al., 2020. Determination of nephroprotective activity of Sansevieria roxburghiana Schult. & Schult.f. (Agavaceae) methanolic crude extract in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in male Wistar albino rats. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, Arts and Sciences, 7(4), pp.107–114.

Anbu, J.S.J. et al., 2009. Analgesic and antipyretic effects of Sansevieria trifasciata leaves. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 6(4), pp. 529–533.

Andhare, R.N. et al., 2012. Evaluation of antiallergic and anti-anaphylactic activity of ethanolic extract of Sansevieria trifasciata leaves (EEST) in rodents. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 142, pp.627–663. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.05.007

ARRP, 2008. Guideline 20: Guidelines for the Housing of Rats in Scientific Institutions, Animal Research Review Panel, Animal Welfare Branch, NSW Department of Primary Industries, pp.1–74.

Asghar, N. et al., 2018. Phytochemical composition, antilipidemic and antihypercholestrolemic perspectives of Bael leaf extracts. Lipids in Health and Disease, 17(1), 68. doi: 10.1186/s12944-018-0713-9

Ayalogu, E.O. et al., 2011. Effects of an aqueous leaf extract of Sansevieria senegambica Baker on plasma biochemistry and haematological indices of salt-loaded rats. South African Journal of Science, 107(11-12), 481. doi: 10.4102/sajs.v107i11/12.481

Carstens, E. & Moberg, G.P., 2000. Recognizing pain and distress in laboratory animals. ILAR Journal, 41(2), pp.62–71. doi: 10.1093/ilar.41.2.62

Cattley, R.C. & Cullen, J.M., 2013. Liver and gall bladder. In Haschek and Rousseaux’s Handbook of Toxicologic Pathology. London, UK: Academic Press/Elsevier Inc., pp 1509–1566.

Christian, E.O. et al., 2014. Acute toxicity investigation and anti-diarrhoeal effect of the chloroform-methanol extract of the leaves of Persea americana. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 13(2), pp.651–658.

Debelo, N. et al., 2016. Assessment of hematological, biochemical and histopathological effects of acute and sub-chronic administration of the aqueous leaves extract of Thymus schimperi in rats. Journal of Clinical Toxicology, 6(2), pp.1–9. doi: 10.4172/2161-0495.1000286

Derelanko, M.J. & Hollinger, M.A., 2002. Handbook of Toxicology. In Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, CRC Press LLC.

Dewatisari, W.F., 2020. Perbandingan pelarut kloroform dan etanol terhadap rendemen ekstrak daun lidah mertua (Sansevieria trifasciata Prain.) menggunakan metode maserasi. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Biologi di Era Pandemi COVID-19, 6(1), pp.127–132. doi: 10.24252/psb.v6i1.15638

Dewatisari, W.F. et al., 2021. The potency of Sansevieria trifasciata and S. cylindrica leaves extracts as an antibacterial against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biodiversitas, 22(1), pp.408–415. doi: 10.13057/biodiv/d220150

Dey, B. et al., 2014. Mechanistic explorations of antidiabetic potentials of Sansevieria trifasciata. Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4(2), pp.113–122. doi: 10.35652/IGJPS.2014.115

Ekeanyanwu, R.C. & Njoku, O.U., 2014. Acute and subacute oral toxicity study on the flavonoid rich fraction of Monodora tenuifolia seed in albino rats. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 4(3), pp.194–202. doi: 10.1016/S2221-1691(14)60231-8

Ellis, A.G. et al., 1996. Inhibition of etoposide elimination in the isolated perfused rat liver by Cremophor EL and Tween 80. Cancer Chemotherapy Pharmacology, 38(1), pp.81–87. doi: 10.1007/s002800050451

Etame, R.M.E. et al., 2017. Acute and sub-acute toxicity of Harungana madagascariensis LAM (Hypericaceae) stem bark methanol extract. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 7(3), pp.160–167. doi: 10.7324/JAPS.2017.70326

Fitria, L. et al., 2019. Nilai rujukan untuk evaluasi fungsi hati dan ginjal pada tikus (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) Galur Wistar. Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika dan IPA, 10(2), pp.243–258. doi: 10.26418/jpmipa.v10i2.34144

FSCJ, 2007. Polysorbates (Polysorbates 20, 60, 65, and 80), evaluation report of food addictives, Food Safety Commission of Japan.

Greaves, P., 2012. Histopathology of Preclinical Toxicity Studies. In London: Academic Press/Elsevier B.V. pp 433–535.

Ifebi, H.M.N. et al., 2021. Evaluation of antidiabetic property of Sansevieria liberica Gerald and Labroy (Dracaenaceae) leaf using alloxan-induced diabetes model. Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 16(5), pp.73–84. doi: 10.4314/njpr.v16i2.9S

Ighodaro, O.M. et al., 2017. Toxicity status and antiulcerative potential of Sansevieria trifasciata leaf extract in Wistar rats. Journal of Intercultural Ethnopharmacology, 6(2), pp. 234–239. doi: 10.5455/jice.20170421103553

Ikewuchi, C.C. et al., 2011. Weight reducing and hypocholesterolaemic effect of aqueous leaf extract of Sansevieria senegambica Baker on sub-chronic salt-loaded rats: Implication for the reduction of cardiovascular risk. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 4(5), pp.725–729. doi: 10.4314/IJBCS.V5I2.72131

Ikewuchi, C.C., 2012a. Hepatoprotective effect of an aqueous extract of the leaves of Sansevieria liberica Gerome and Labroy against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in Wistar rats. Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 13(1), pp.512–518.

Ikewuchi, C.C., 2012b. Hypocholesterolemic effect of an aqueous extract of the leaves of Sansevieria senegambica Baker on plasma lipid profile and atherogenic indices of rats fed egg yolk supplemented diet. EXCLI Journal, 11, pp.346–356.

Jain, A. & Singhai, A.K., 2010. Nephroprotective activity of Momordica dioica Roxb. in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Natural Product Research, 24(9), pp.846–854. doi: 10.1080/14786410903132589

Johnkennedy, N. et al., 2014. Hypolipidemic effects of aqueous extract of Sansevieria liberica leaves extracts in hypercholesterolaemia rats. International Journal of Traditional System of Medicine, 1(1), pp.22–25.

Khan, R.A. et al., 2012. Hepatoprotection with a chloroform extract of Launaea procumbens against CCl4-induced injuries in rats. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 12, 114. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-114

Liu, H. et al., 2019. Efficacy of terpenoid in attenuating aortic atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein-E deficient mice: A meta-analysis of animal studies. BioMed Research International, Article ID 2931831, 12. doi: 10.1155/2019/2931831

Liu, J. et al., 2020. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts critical illness patients with 2019 coronavirus disease in the early stage. Journal of Translational Medicine, 18, 206. doi: 10.1186/s12967-020-02374-0

Maner, B.S. & Moosavi, L., 2021. Mean Corpuscular Volume. In Treasure Island: StatPearls Publishing.

Mantskava, M. et al., 2018. The influence of polysorbate Tween 80 on somatic health rats in experiment. MOJ Anatomy & Physiology, 5(2), 152. doi: 10.15406/mojap.2018.05.00180

Morita, J. et al., 2017. Effects of reduced food intake for 4 weeks on physiological parameters in toxicity studies in dogs. The Journal of Toxicological Sciences, 42(1), pp.31–42. doi: 10.2131/jts.42.31

Mulyati et al., 2019. Kidney function test of female Wistar rat (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) of subchronic toxicity test of Arthrospira maxima and Chlorella vulgaris. Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology, 4(3), pp.119–123. 10.22146/jtbb.42306

NC3RS, 2017. Study looking at natural behaviours of lab rats wins international 3Rs prize, National Centre for the Replacement Refinement & Reduction of Animal Research.

NRC, 2011. Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals. In Washington DC: National Research Council. The National Academies Press.

OECD, 2002. Test No. 420: Acute Oral Toxicity - Fixed Dose Procedure. In Paris: The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Publishing.

OECD, 2008. Test No. 407: Repeated Dose 28-day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents. In Paris: The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Publishing.

Ota, A. & Ulrih, N.P., 2017. An overview of herbal products and secondary metabolites used for management of type two diabetes. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 8, 436. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00436

Pagare, S. et al., 2015. Secondary metabolites of plants and their role: Overview. Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy, 9(3), pp.293–304.

Parasuraman, S., 2011. Toxicological screening. Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics, 2(2), pp.74–79. doi: 10.4103/0976-500X.81895

Parker, J.E. et al., 2021. Phytochemical and toxicological studies of methanol and chloroform fractions of Acanthus montanus leaves. Journal of Biological Sciences, 21(2), pp.52–58. doi: 10.3923/jbs.2021.52.58

Poitout-Belissent, F.M. & McCartney, J.E., 2010. Interpretation of hematology data in preclinical toxicological studies. In Ames: Schalm's Veterinary Hematology. Blackwell Pub. Ltd., a John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Pub. pp. 78–84.

Qomariyah, N. et al., 2012. Antidiabetic effects of a decoction of leaves of Sansevieria trifasciata in alloxan-induced diabetic white rats (Rattus norvegicus L.). ITB Journal of Science, 44(4), pp.308–316. doi: 10.5614/itbj.sci.2012.44.4.2

Rogers, A.B. & Dintzis, R.Z., 2018. Hepatobiliary system. In London: Comparative Anatomy and Histology. Academic Press/Elsevier Inc. pp 229–239.

Salehi, B. et al., 2021. Phytosterols: From preclinical evidence to potential clinical applications. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 11, 1819. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.599959

Sanad, F.A.A., 2020. Evaluation of the hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of chloroformic extract from Vangueria infaustaleaves in rats with hypercholesterolemia. Current Science International, 9(3), pp.462–471. doi: 10.4103/pm.pm_402_16

Santos-Lopez, J.A. et al., 2010. Antisecretory activity of methanol and chloroform extracts from aerial parts and flowers of Phytolacca icosandra L. Revista CENIC Ciencias Biológicas, 41, pp.1–5.

Song, M. et al., 2021. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and mortality in the United States general population. Scientific Reports, 11, 464. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-79431-7

Sukandar, E.Y. & Sheba, S.H., 2019. Acute and sub-chronic toxicity studies of combination of Physalis angulata L. (cecendet) extract and methyl-prednisolone on animals. International Journal of Integrated Health Sciences, 7(1), pp. 48–55. doi: 10.15850/ijihs.v7n1.1619

Sutrisni, N.N.W. et al., 2019. Acute and subchronic (28-day) oral toxicity studies on the film formulation of k-carrageenan and konjac glucomannan for soft capsule application. Scientia Pharmaceutica, 87(2), 9. doi: 10.3390/scipharm87020009

Thamir, S.N. et al., 2013. Investigation the immunoadjuvant activity for polysorbate 80. Asian Journal of Pharmacy, Nursing and Medical Sciences, 1(1), 22.

Tien, S.L., 1995. Validating the platelet count. Singapore Medical Journal, 36(3), pp.255–256.

United Nations, 2011. Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). In New York and Geneva: United Nations. pp.20, 109-119.

Vilchez, C., 2020. Examination of the peripheral blood film and correlation with the complete blood count. In Rodak's Hematology. St. Louis: Saunders/Elsevier Inc. pp.201–218.

Wang, W. et al., 2019. Acute and subacute toxicity assessment of oxyclozanide in Wistar rats. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 6, 294. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00294

Yumna, M. et al., 2018. Effect of mother-in-law’s tongue leaves (Sansevieria trifasciata) extract’s solvent polarity on anti-diabetic activity through in vitro α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition test. E3S Web of Conferences, 67, 03003. doi: 10.1051/e3sconf/20186703003

Zakaria, Z.A. et al., 2015. Gastroprotective activity of chloroform extract of Muntingia calabura and Melastoma malabathricum leaves. Pharmaceutical Biology, 54, pp.1–15. doi: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1085580



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.69389

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 8529 | views : 5601

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Editoral address:

Faculty of Biology, UGM

Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia

ISSN: 2540-9581 (online)