Evaluation of Temperature Stress Under Different Hydroponic Systems on Growth and Saponin Content of Talinum paniculatum Gaertn. Cuttings

https://doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.84241

Arif Yachya(1), Alfinda Novi Kristanti(2), Yosephine Sri Wulan Manuhara(3*)

(1) Biology Department, Faculty of Math and Science, Adi Buana PGRI University, Jl. Dukuh Menanggal XII no.4 Surabaya 60234
(2) Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C Unair Mulyorejo 60115
(3) Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C Unair Mulyorejo 60115
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Increases in the temperature of nutrient solutions have restricted the use of hydroponic cultivation in the tropics, predominantly due to plant stress. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of temperature stress under different hydroponic systems on the growth and saponin content of Talinum paniculatum cuttings. Three hydroponic systems, i.e., deep flow technique (DFT), nutrient film technique (NFT), and aeroponic, were tested. The temperature of the nutrient solution was set for each system, i.e., under ambient temperature (UAT) and with controlled temperature (WCT) at 26° C. The cultivation period was 60 days. The result showed peroxidation activity and proline accumulation for the adventitious roots of T. paniculatum cuttings with UAT and WCT, alongside various levels of plasma membrane damage. Levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline were analyzed by spectrophotometer. Membrane damage was analyzed with Evans blue dye. The results indicated that the levels of MDA and proline accumulation under the three hydroponic systems were higher for the WCT than for the UAT treatment. In contrast, vegetative growth was higher in UAT than in WCT. The saponin content of the adventitious root correlated with the MDA level. Saponin production was triggered by oxidative stress during cultivation, while the adventitious roots had a higher saponin content in all three hydroponic systems with the WCT treatment compared to the UAT treatment. Among the systems, aeroponic was superior for biomass and saponin. Root growth was promoted in the nutrient solution under ambient temperature whereas the production of saponins was stimulated under the controlled temperature. In the aeroponic system, root biomass values of 1.17 and 0.478 g dry weight were obtained under ambient and controlled temperatures, respectively. The total saponin contents differed slightly, namely 189.83 and 195.61 mg/g, respectively.

 


Keywords


aeroponic; ambient temperature; deep flow technique; nutrient film technique

Full Text:

PDF


References

Abeysinghe D.C., Wijerathne, S.M.N.K. & Dharmadasa, R.M., 2014. Secondary Metabolites Contents and Antioxidant Capacities of Acmella Oleraceae Grown under Different Growing Systems. World Journal of Agricultural Research, 2(4), pp.163–167. doi: 10.12691/wjar-2-4-5

Ahmad, F. & Anggita, V.S. 2019. Enhancement of saponin accumulation in adventitious root culture of Javanese ginseng (Talinum paniculatum Gaertn.) through methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid elicitation. African Journal of Biotechnology, 18(6), pp.130–135. doi: 10.5897/ajb2018.16736

Alves, N.G. et al., 2018. Endothelial Protrusions in Junctional Integrity and Barrier Function. Current Topics in Membranes, 82, pp.93–140. doi: 10.1016/BS.CTM.2018.08.006

Anwar, H.M. et al., 2014. Proline Protects Plants Against Abiotic Oxidative Stress: Biochemical and Molecular Mechanisms. In Oxidative Damage to Plants: Antioxidant Networks and Signaling, pp.477–522. Elsevier Inc. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-799963-0.00016-2

Bates, L.S., Waldren, R.P. & Teare, I.D. 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant and Soil, 39(1), pp.205–207. doi: 10.1007/BF00018060

Bourgaud, F. et al., 2001. Production of plant secondary metabolites: A historical perspective. Plant Science, 161(5), pp.839–851. doi: 10.1016/S0168-9452(01)00490-3

Calatayud, A. et al., 2008. Effect of two nutrient solution temperatures on nitrate uptake, nitrate reductase activity, NH4+ concentration and chlorophyll a fluorescence in rose plants. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 64(1), pp.65–74. doi: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2008.02.003

Chen, T. & Zhang, B., 2016. Measurements of Proline and Malondialdehyde Content and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Leaves of Drought Stressed Cotton. BIO-PROTOCOL, 6(17), e1913. doi: 10.21769/bioprotoc.1913

Cheng, Y. et al., 2014. Analyses of Plant Leaf Cell Size, Density and Number, as Well as Trichome Number Using Cell Counter Plugin. Bio-Protocol, 4(13), e1165. doi: 10.21769/BioProtoc.1165

Daskalaki, A. & Burrage, S.W., 1998. Solution temperature and the uptake of water and nutrients by cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in hydroponics. Acta Horticulturae, 458(458), pp.317–322. doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.1998.458.40

Dixon, R.A., 2001. Natural products and plant disease resistance. Nature, 411(6839), pp.843–847. doi: 10.1038/35081178

El-Aal, H.A.H.M., 2012. Lipid Peroxidation End-Products as a Key of Oxidative Stress: Effect of Antioxidant on Their Production and Transfer of Free Radicals. In Lipid Peroxidation. InTech. doi: 10.5772/45944

Gaff, D.F. & Okong’o-Ogola, O., 1971. Factors affecting the growing-on stages of lettuce and chyrsanthemum in nutrient solution culture. Journal of Experimental Botany, 22(3), pp.756–758. doi: 10.1093/jxb/22.3.756

Gaschler, M.M., & Stockwell, B.R. 2017. Lipid peroxidation in cell death. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 482(3), pp.419–425. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.086

Giri, A. et al., 2017. Heat stress decreases levels of nutrient-uptake and -assimilation proteins in tomato roots. Plants, 6(1), pp.443–448. doi: 10.3390/plants6010006

Giurgiu, R.M. et al., 2014. Study Regarding The Suitability of Cultivating Medicinal Plants in Hydroponic Systems in Controlled Environment. Research Journal of Agricultural Science, 46(2), pp.84–92.

Gontier, E. et al., 2002. Hydroponic combined with natural or forced root permeabilization: A promising technique for plant secondary metabolite production. Plant Science, 163(4), pp.723–732. doi: 10.1016/S0168-9452(02)00171-1

Gur, A., Bravdo, B. & Mizrahi, Y., 1972. Physiological Responses of Apple Trees to Supraoptimal Root Temperature. Physiologia Plantarum, 27(2), pp.130–138. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.1972.tb03589.x

Hayat, S. et al., 2012. Role of proline under changing environments: A review. Plant Signaling and Behavior, 7(11), pp.1–11. doi: 10.4161/psb.21949

Hayden, A.L., 2006. Aeroponic and hydroponic systems for medicinal herb, rhizome, and root crops. HortScience, 41(3), pp.536–538. doi: 10.21273/hortsci.41.3.536

Huang, B., Rachmilevitch, S. & Xu, J., 2012. Root carbon and protein metabolism associated with heat tolerance. Journal of Experimental Botany, 63(9), pp.3455–3465. doi: 10.1093/jxb/ers003

Malik, S. et al., 2013. Living between two worlds: Two-phase culture systems for producing plant secondary metabolites. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, 33(1), pp.1–22. doi: 10.3109/07388551.2012.659173

Manuhara, Y.S.W. et al., 2015. Effect of sucrose and potassium nitrate on biomass and saponin content of Talinum paniculatum Gaertn. hairy root in balloon-type bubble bioreactor. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 5(12). doi: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2015.09.009

Morgan, J.V., Moustafa, A.T. & Tan, A., 1980. Solution temperature and the uptake of water and nutrients by cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in hydroponics. Acta Horticulturae, 98(98), pp.253–262. doi:10.17660/actahortic.1980.98.26

Murashige, T. & Skoog, F., 1962. A Revised Medium for Rapid Growth and Bio Assays with Tobacco Tissue Cultures. Physiologia Plantarum, 15(3), pp.473–497. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.1962.tb08052.x

Nguyen, N.T. et al., 2003. Effect of nitrogen deficiency on biomass production, photosynthesis, carbon partitioning, and nitrogen nutrition status of Melaleuca and Eucalyptus species. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 49(1), pp.99–109. doi: 10.1080/00380768.2003.10409985

Nxawe, S., Ndakidemi, P.A. & Laubscher, C.P., 2010. Possible effects of regulating hydroponic water temperature on plant growth, accumulation of nutrients and other metabolites. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9(54), pp.9128–9134. doi: 10.5897/AJB2010.000-3336

Park, K.W., Kim, Y.S. & Lee, Y.B., 2001. Status of the greenhouse vegetable industry and hydroponics in Korea. Acta Horticulturae, 548, pp.65–70. doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2001.548.5

Preethi, N. et al., 2017. Quantification of Membrane Damage/Cell Death Using Evan’s Blue Staining Technique. Bio-Protocol, 7(16), e2519. doi: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2519

Reyes, D.M., Stolzy, L.H. & Labanauskas, C.K., 1977. Temperature and Oxygen Effects in Soil on Nutrient Uptake in Jojoba Seedlings1. Agronomy Journal, 69(4), pp.647–650. doi: 10.2134/agronj1977.00021962006900040032x

Reza, S. et al., 2006. Antioxidant Response of Two Salt-Stressed Barley Varieties in The Presence or Absence of Exogenous Proline. Appl. Plant Physiology, 32(4), pp.233–251.

Roberto, K., 2003. How-to hydroponics. Future Garden Press.

Roy, B. et al., 2019. Toxic effects of engineered nanoparticles (metal/metal oxides) on plants using Allium cepa as a model system. Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry, 84, pp.125–143. doi: 10.1016/BS.COAC.2019.04.009

Sakamoto, M. & Suzuki, T. 2015. Effect of Root-Zone Temperature on Growth and Quality of Hydroponically Grown Red Leaf Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Red Wave). American Journal of Plant Sciences, 6(14), pp.2350–2360. doi: 10.4236/ajps.2015.614238

Sharma, K. et al., 2023. Saponins: A concise review on food related aspects, applications and health implications. Food Chemistry Advances, 2, 100191. doi: 10.1016/j.focha.2023.100191

Singh, V. et al., 2010. Proline improves copper tolerance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum). Protoplasma, 245(1), pp.173–181. doi: 10.1007/s00709-010-0178-9

Soydam A.S., Büyük, İ., & Aras, S., 2013. Relationships among lipid peroxidation, SOD enzyme activity, and SOD gene expression profile in Lycopersicum esculentum L. exposed to cold stress. Genetics and Molecular Research, 12(3), pp.3220–3229. doi: 10.4238/2013.August.29.6

Suzuki, N. & Mittler, R., 2006. Reactive oxygen species and temperature stresses: A delicate balance between signaling and destruction. Physiologia Plantarum, 126(1), pp.45–51. doi: 10.1111/j.0031-9317.2005.00582.x

Tamás, L. et al., 2006. Rapid and simple method for Al-toxicity analysis in emerging barley roots during germination. Biologia Plantarum, 50(1), pp.87–93. doi: 10.1007/s10535-005-0079-5

Taratima, W. et al., 2022. Effect of Heat Stress on Some Physiological and Anatomical Characteristics of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. KDML105 Callus and Seedling. Biology, 11(11). doi: 10.3390/biology11111587

Tistama, R. et al., 2012. Physiological and Biochemical Responses to Aluminum Stress in the Root of a Biodiesel Plant Jatropha curcas L. HAYATI Journal of Biosciences, 19(1), pp.37–43. doi: 10.4308/hjb.19.1.37

Van Os, E., Gieling, T.H. & Lieth, J.H., 2008. Technical equipment in soilless production systems. In Soilless Culture: Theory and Practice., pp.157–207. Elsevier. doi.10.1016/B978-044452975-6.50007-1

Vapaavuori, E.M., Rikala, R. & Ryyppo, A., 1992. Effects of root temperature on growth and photosynthesis in conifer seedlings during shoot elongation. Tree Physiology, 10(3), pp.217–230. doi: 10.1093/treephys/10.3.217

Vemanna, R.S. et al., 2017. Aldo-keto reductase-1 (AKR1) protect cellular enzymes from salt stress by detoxifying reactive cytotoxic compounds. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 113, pp.177–186. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.02.012

Wang, H. et al., 2015. Proline accumulation and metabolism-related genes expression profiles in Kosteletzkya virginica seedlings under salt stress. Frontiers in Plant Science, 6, 157207. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00792

Wang, H. et al., 2022. Phytotoxicity of Chemical Compounds from Cinnamomum camphora Pruning Waste in Germination and Plant Cultivation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(18). doi: 10.3390/ijerph191811617

Wang, H. et al., 2023. Chemical Constituents, Biological Activities, and Proposed Biosynthetic Pathways of Steroidal Saponins from Healthy Nutritious Vegetable—Allium. Nutrients, 15(9), 2233. doi: 10.3390/nu15092233

Xu, F.Y. et al., 2012. Physiological responses differences of different genotype sesames to flooding stress. Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology, 4(6), pp.352–356.

Yachya, A., Manuhara, Y.S.W. & Novi, A., 2020. Impact of IBA and Ethephon Combination on Root Biomass Production of Javanese Ginseng (Talinum paniculatum Gaertn) Cuttings under Aeroponic System. Sysrevfarm, 11(7), pp.507–514.

Yan, Z. et al., 2011. Effects of proline on photosynthesis, root reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism in two melon cultivars (Cucumis melo L.) under NaCl stress. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(80), pp.18381–18390. doi:10.5897/AJB11.1073

Yu, K.W. et al., 2005. Organic germanium stimulates the growth of ginseng adventitious roots and ginsenoside production. Process Biochemistry, 40(9), pp.2959–2961. doi. 10.1016/j.procbio.2005.01.015

Yue, Y. et al., 2019. Variations in physiological response and expression profiles of proline metabolism-related genes and heat shock transcription factor genes in petunia subjected to heat stress. Scientia Horticulturae, 258, 108811. doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2019.108811

Zhang, Z., & Huang, R. 2013. Analysis of malondialdehyde, chlorophyll, proline, soluble sugar, and glutathione content in Arabidopsis seedling. Bio-Protocol, 3(14), e817. doi: 10.21769/bioprotoc.817



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.84241

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 1203 | views : 582

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Editoral address:

Faculty of Biology, UGM

Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia

ISSN: 2540-9581 (online)