In Vitro Seed Germination and Shoot Growth of Nepenthes jamban Chi. C. Lee, Hernawati & Akhriadi, A Unique Pitcher Plant from Indonesia

https://doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.87674

Apriliana Dyah Prawestri(1*), Resa Sri Rahayu(2), Wulan Septiningtyas Kurniajati(3), Sunardi Sunardi(4), Muhammad Mansur(5)

(1) Research Center for Applied Botany, Research Organization for Life Science and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong Science and Technology Park, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
(2) Research Center for Applied Botany, Research Organization for Life Science and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong Science and Technology Park, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
(3) Research Center for Genetic Engineering, Research Organization for Life Science and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong Science and Technology Park, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
(4) Research Center for Ecology and Ethnobiology, Research Organization for Life Science and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong Science and Technology Park, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
(5) Research Center for Ecology and Ethnobiology, Research Organization for Life Science and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong Science and Technology Park, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


The study to optimize in vitro propagation of the Indonesian native and critically endangered species, Nepenthes jamban, in order to support the ex-situ conservation efforts has been done.  Using Murashige and Skoog (MS) as a basal media, disinfected seeds of N. jamban were germinated on five types of germination media, viz. ¼ MS, ½ MS, MS, ¼ MS+benzyl adenine (BA)+Biotin and MS+BA+Biotin. Afterwards, in vitro shoots with 6-7 leaves were inoculated on growing media, i.e., ¼ MS, ¼ MS 60 (3:1) (MS modification with a higher concentration of nitrogen), and ¼ MS+naphtalene acetic acid (NAA)+BA. The results showed that the germination of N. jamban seeds was slow, indicated by the percentage of germination being less than 20% after 6 months of being planted on germination media. The highest percentage of germination was after the 6th month and the greatest pitcher development at the 10th month were obtained on ¼ MS medium. Furthermore, shoot growth and pitchers development consistently increased for 12 months in ¼ MS 60 (3:1) medium while other media resulted in a decrease in pitcher formation. It seemed that low concentrations of nutrient in the medium proved to be more effective to induce in vitro seed germination and enhance shoot growth which was also supported by higher nitrogen (nitrate) concentration in the medium. This study provides information that supports ex situ conservation action of native and critically endangered Nepenthes species from Indonesia.

 


Keywords


carnivorous plant; ex situ conservation; in vitro medium; native species; seed culture

Full Text:

PDF


References

Barclay, G.F., 2015. Anatomy and Morphology of Seed Plants. In Encyclopedia of Life Sciences. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. doi: 10.1002/9780470015902.a0002068.pub2.

Bhardwaj, D. et al., 2014. Biofertilizers function as key player in sustainable agriculture by improving soil fertility, plant tolerance and crop productivity. Microbial Cell Factories, 13, 66. doi: 10.1186/1475-2859-13-66.

Bona, A. et al., 2022. Flowering and quality of seeds and pollen in endangered populations of Betula humilis. Trees - Structure and Function, 36(1), pp.313–324. doi: 10.1007/s00468-021-02207-7.

Budisantoso, I., Indriani, M. & Kamsinah, K., 2018. Effect of BAP (6-Benzyl Amino Purine) concentration on growth microcutting of Nepenthes ampullaria. Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education, 10(3), pp.678–683. doi: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v10i3.15718.

Carrera-Castaño, G. et al., 2020. An updated overview on the regulation of seed germination. Plants, 9(6), 703. doi: 10.3390/plants9060703.

Cheek, M. & Jebb, M., 2001. Nepenthaceae. In Flora Malesiana. The Nationaal Herbarium Nederland.

Cross, A.T. et al., 2020. Conservation of carnivorous plants in the age of extinction. Global Ecology and Conservation, 24, e01272. doi: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01272.

Devi, S.P. et al., 2013. In vitro propagation and assessment of clonal fidelity of Nepenthes khasiana Hook. f.: a medicinal insectivorous plant of India. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 35(9), pp.2813–2820. doi: 10.1007/s11738-013-1314-x.

Dinarti, D., Sayekti, U. & Alitalia, Y., 2010. Kultur jaringan kantong semar (Nepenthes mirabilis). J. Hort. Indonesia, 1(2), pp.59–65.

Dwiati, M., Widodo, P. & Susanto, A.H., 2023. Shoot regeneration in Nepenthes mirabilis as affected by flurprimidol and GA3 application. Biodiversitas, 24(7), pp.4168–4174. doi: 10.13057/biodiv/d240756.

Hamdiah, S. et al., 2022. Seed viability and potential germination rate of nine endemic Boswellia taxa (Burseraceae) from Socotra Island (Yemen). Plants, 11(11), 1418. doi: 10.3390/plants11111418.

Handayani, T., 2021. Peranan tanaman kantong semar (Nepenthes spp). Gunung Djati Conference Series. pp.11–18. Available at: https://www.conferences.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/gdcs/article/view/484.

Handayani, T. et al., 2021. Respon pertumbuhan kultur tunas kelor (Moringa oleifera Lam.) terhadap benziladenin dan modifikasi hara nitrogen. J. Hort. Indonesia, 12(1), pp.59–68. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jhi.12.1.59-68.

Hernawati et al., 2022. Synopsis of Sumatran Nepenthes (Indonesia). Biodiversitas, 23(8), pp.4243–4255. doi: 10.13057/biodiv/d230848.

Hussain, S. et al., 2016. Seed priming alters the production and detoxification of reactive oxygen intermediates in rice seedlings grown under sub-optimal temperature and nutrient supply. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7(APR2016). doi: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00439.

Isnaini, Y. & Handidi, E., 2007. Perkecambahan biji kantong semar (Nepenthes gracilis Korth.) secara in vitro. Buletin Kebun Raya Indonesia, 10(2), pp.40–46.

Jakovljević, D. et al., 2017. Regulation of early growth and antioxidant defense mechanism of sweet basil seedlings in response to nutrition. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 39(11), 243. doi: 10.1007/s11738-017-2548-9.

Joshi, B., Panwar, G.S. & Singh, S.K., 2022. In vitro propagation of insectivorous plant Nepenthes khasiana Hook. F.- an endangered ornamental and ethnomedicinal species. Vegetos, 35(2), pp.534–539. doi: 10.1007/s42535-021-00310-1.

Khuraijam, J.S. & Roy, R.K., 2015. Propagation of threatened Nepenthes khasiana: methods and precautions. Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 7(3), pp.313–315. doi: 10.15835/nsb.7.3.9639.

Lee, C.C., Hernawati & Akhriadi, P., 2006. Two new species of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) from North Sumatra. Blumea: Journal of Plant Taxonomy and Plant Geography, 51(3), pp.561–568. doi: 10.3767/000651906X622120.

Luna, B. & Chamorro, D., 2016. Germination sensitivity to water stress of eight Cistaceae species from the Western Mediterranean. Seed Science Research, 26(2), pp.101–110. doi: 10.1017/S096025851600009X.

Makena, I.M., Matsiliza-Mlathi, B. & Kleynhans, R., 2018. Seed propagation and seed anatomy of three Eucomis species. Acta Horticulturae, 1204, pp.263–271. doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2018.1204.35.

Mansur, M. et al., 2022. Nutrient concentrations in three Nepenthes species (Nepenthaceae) from North Sumatra. Reinwardtia, 21(2), pp.55–62. doi: 10.55981/reinwardtia.v21i2.4391.

Mansur, M. et al., 2023. Diversity, ecology and conservation status of Nepenthes in West Sumatra Province, Indonesia. Biotropia, 30(2), pp.220–231. doi: 10.11598/btb.2023.30.2.1896.

Mao, A.A. et al., 2007. Effect of nitrogen source on growth and morphogenesis of three micropropagated Nepenthes spp. Indian J. Plant Physiol., 12(4), pp.317–321.

Mao, A.A. & Ranyaphi, R.A., 2007. Seed viability studies in Nepenthes khasiana Hook.F.: comparison of in vivo and in vitro seed germination. Bull. Bot. Surv. India, 49(1–4), pp.89–94.

Meinaswati, F.S. et al., 2022. Response of seed germination and growth of Nepenthes gymnamphora Nees to MS mineral salt, peptone, and thidiazuron. Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia, 9(1), pp.57–65.

Murashige, T. & Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiologia Plantarum, 15, pp.473–497. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.1962.tb08052.x.

Nongrum, I., Kumaria, S. & Tandon, P., 2009. Multiplication through in vitro seed germination and pitcher development in Nepenthes khasiana Hook, f., a unique insectivorous plant of India. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 84(3), pp.329–332. doi: 10.1080/14620316.2009.11512526.

Noorhosseini, S.A., Jokar, N.K. & Damalas, C.A., 2018. Improving seed germination and early growth of garden cress (Lepidium sativum) and basil (Ocimum basilicum) with hydro-priming. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 37(1), pp.323–334. doi: 10.1007/s00344-017-9728-0.

Novitasari, Y. & Isnaini, Y., 2021. Propagation of pitcher plants (Nepenthes gracilis Korth. and Nepenthes reinwardtiana Miq.) through callus induction. AGRIC, 33(2), pp.81–92. doi: 10.24246/agric.2021.v33.i2.p81-92.

Pammenter, N.W. & Berjak, P., 2014. Physiology of desiccation-sensitive (recalcitrant) seeds and the implications for cryopreservation. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 175(1), pp.21–28. doi: 10.1086/673302.

Sani, B.H. et al., 2000. Vegetative propagation of selected Nepenthes species. Borneo Science, 7, pp.1–9.

Sanusi, S.B. et al., 2017. Ethnobotanical, phytochemical, and pharmacological properties of Nepenthes species: a review. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 10(11), pp.16–19. doi: 10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i11.20050.

Savaedi, Z. et al., 2019. The role of light and gibberellic acid on cardinal temperatures and thermal time required for germination of Charnushka (Nigella sativa) seed. Industrial Crops and Products, 132(February), pp.140–149. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.02.025.

Schulze, W., Frommer, W.B. & Ward, J.M., 1999. Transporters for ammonium, amino acids and peptides are expressed in pitchers of the carnivorous plant Nepenthes. The Plant Journal, 17(6), pp.637–646. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-313X.1999.00414.x.

Siriwardana, N.S.B., Zuhry, A.L.M. & Weerakkody, W.J.S.K., 2013. Micro-propagation of Nepenthes species through seed culture. In Proceeding of 12th Agricultural Research Symposium, pp.218–221.

Siti-Suhaila, A.R. & Norwati, M., 2021. Micropropagation of Nepenthes hybrid (N. viking × N. miranda) using a temporary immersion bioreactor system, SETISTM. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 33(4), pp.494–500. doi: 10.26525/jtfs2021.33.4.494.

Sukamto, L.A. et al., 2011. Shoot tip culture of Nepenthes albomarginata Lobb ex Lindl. in vitro. Jurnal Biologi Indonesia, 7(2), pp.251–261.

Wang, A.H. et al., 2021. Seed germination and storage of the endangered species Manglietia crassipes Y. W. Law (Magnoliaceae). Horticulturae, 7(47), pp.1–10. doi: 10.3390/horticulturae7030042.

Yelli, F., 2013. Induksi pembentukan kantong dan pertumbuhan dua spesies tanaman kantong semar (Nepenthes spp.) pada berbagai konsentrasi media MS secara in vitro. Jurnal Agrotropika, 18(2), pp.56–62.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.87674

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 2015 | views : 863

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Editoral address:

Faculty of Biology, UGM

Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia

ISSN: 2540-9581 (online)