Exploring the Three C’s: Calm, Concentration, and Cold in ‘Nordic’ Leadership Practice
Finn Janning(1*)
(1) Geneva Business School - Campus Barcelona
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Introduction/Main Objectives: This paper explores how calm, concentration, and coldness shape a vulnerable leadership style, fostering trust, psychological safety, and flexibility. Drawing from Nordic leadership traditions, the paper examines how these traits enhance emotional resilience and openness. Background Problems: Contemporary leadership often misunderstands vulnerability, despite its potential to enhance trust and psychological safety. The gap lies in understanding how specific qualities like calm, concentration, and coldness contribute to psychological flexibility. Novelty: Shows how traits often seen as passive or negative—coldness, calmness, and concentration can foster psychological flexibility and trust. It offers a new perspective on how Nordic leadership balances vulnerability and resilience. Research Methods: Using a phenomenological approach, a personal anecdote is interpreted through leadership theories and psychological framework. Finding/Results: The paper proposes that calmness, concentration, and coldness enhance leaders' psychological flexibility, fostering trust and improving team dynamics. Conclusion: These traits are essential for trust-based, adaptive leadership that balances vulnerability and resilience, benefiting organizational psychological safety and flexibility.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Amundsen, S., & Martinsen, Ø. L. (2014). Empowering leadership: Construct clarification, conceptualization, and validation of a new scale. The Leadership Quarterly, 25(3), 487–511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.11.009.
Andreasson, U. & Lundqvist, M. (2018). Nordic Leadership. Nordic Council of Minister, Analysis no. 02/2018.
Barthes, R. (1981). Camera lucida: Reflections on photography. Hill and Wang.
Brun, P. H. (2019). On the move: Lessons for the future from Nordic leaders. People’s Press.
Bryman, A., Stephens, M., & Campo, C. (1996). The importance of context: Qualitative research and the study of leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 7(3), 353–370. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(96)90025-9.
Clandinin, D.J. (2022). Engaging in Narrative Inquiry (2nd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003240143.
Dahl, T., & Irgens, E. J. (2022). Organizational learning the Nordic way: Learning through participation. The Learning Organization, 29(3), 229–242. https://doi.org/10.1108/TLO-05-2021-0065.
Deleuze, G. (2004). The Logic of Sense. Translated by M. Lester with C. Stivale. Continuum.
Edmondson, A. (1999). “Psychological Safety and Learning Behavior in Work Teams.” Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 350-383.
Erjansola, A.-M. (2024, October 22). Nordic leadership in the age of transitions: Trust, fairness, and procedural justice. Aalto Leaders’ Insight. https://www.aaltoee.fi/en/aalto-leaders-insight/2024/nordic-leadership-in-the-age-of-transitions-trust-fairness-and-procedural-justice.
Fairholm, G. W. (1994). Leadership and the culture of trust. Greenwood Publishing Group.
Fukuyama, F. (1995). Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity. Free Press.
Gallagher, S., & Zahavi, D. (2020). The Phenomenological Mind (3rd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429319792
Gilbert, P. (2009). The compassionate mind: A new approach to facing the challenges of life. Constable Robinson.
Goldstein, J. (2013). Mindfulness. A Practical Guide to Awakening. Sounds True.
Harris, R. (2009). ACT made simple. New Harbinger Publications.
Hayes, S. C., Luoma, J. B., Bond, F. W., Masuda, A., & Lillis, J. (2006). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: Model, processes and outcomes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2005.06.006.
Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D., & Wilson, K. G. (1999). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: An Experiential Approach to Behavior Change. Guilford Press.
Hofstede, G. (2010). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind. McGraw-Hill.
Janning, F. (2018). Compassion: Toward an ethics of mindfulness. Mindfulness & Compassion, 3(1), 25–46.
Janning, F. (2022). Accepting vulnerability: Towards a mindful sport philosophy. Journal of Applied Sports Sciences, 6(2), 119–126.https://doi.org/10.37393/JASS.2022.02.9.
Janning, F., Khalif, W., & Ingley, C. (2020). The illusion of transparency in corporate governance: Does transparency help or hinder true ethical conduct? Springer International Publishing.
Kabat-Zinn, J. (1994). Wherever You Go, There You Are: Mindfulness Meditation in Everyday Life. Hyperion.
Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal, 33(4), 692–724. https://doi.org/10.2307/256287.
Linehan, M.M. (2014). DBT Skills Training Manual. Guilford Press.
Lloyd, J., Bond, F. W., & Flaxman, P. E. (2013). The value of psychological flexibility: Examining psychological mechanisms underpinning a cognitive behavioral therapy intervention for burnout. Work & Stress, 27(2), 181–199. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678373.2013.788097.
Løgstrup, K. E. (1997). The Ethical Demand. University of Notre Dame Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvpj7dd8.
Lundqvist, D., Reineholm, C., & Ståhl, C. (2022). The impact of leadership on employee well-being: On-site compared to working from home. BMC Public Health, 22, Article 2154. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14634-2
Malabou, C. (2013). Go wonder: Subjectivity and affects in neurobiological times. In C. Malabou & A. Johnston (Eds.), Self and emotional life (pp. 3–63). Columbia University Press.
Mead, M. (2001). Sex and temperament: In three primitive societies. Harper Perennial.
Møller, J. (2009). Approaches to school leadership in Scandinavia. Journal of Educational Administration and History, 41(2), 165–177. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220620902808244
Neff, K. D. (2003). Self-Compassion: An Alternative Conceptualization of a Healthy Attitude Toward Oneself. Self and Identity, 2(2), 85–101.https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309032.
Nielsen, P., Nielsen, R. N., Bamberger, S. G., Stamhus, J., Fonager, K., Larsen, A., Vinding, A. L., Ryom, P. K., & Omland, Ø. (2012). Capabilities for innovation: The Nordic model and employee participation. Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies, 2(4), 85-115.
Nietzsche, F. (1998). Twilight of idols (D. Large, Trans.). Oxford University Press.
Nussbaum, M. (1979). The speech of Alcibiades: A reading of the Symposium. Philosophy and Literature, 3(2), 131–172. https://doi.org/10.1353/phl.1979.0024.
Phenomenology + pedagogy, volume 7, 232-253.
Ribaudi, J. S. (2016). Compasión y autocompasión: Definición, constructo y medidas. In J. Garcia-Campayo, A. Cebolla i Martí, & M. Demarzo (Eds.), La ciencia de la compasión. Alianza Editorial.
Rollo, M. (1994). The Courage to Create. Norton & Company.
Romme, A. G. L. (2021). Ladders of Authority, Status, Responsibility and Ideology: Toward a Typology of Hierarchy in Social Systems. Systems, 9(1), 20.https://doi.org/10.3390/systems9010020.
Sahlins, M. (2023). The new science of the enchanted universe: An anthropology of most of humanity. Princeton University Press.
Sokolowski, R. (2000). Introduction to phenomenology. Cambridge University Press.
Stewart, D., & Mickunas, A. (1990). Exploring phenomenology: A guide to the field and its literature (2nd ed.). Ohio University Press.
Thyssen, O. (2009). Business ethics and organizational values: A systems theoretical analysis. Palgrave Macmillan.
Van Manen, M. (1989). By Light of Anecdote.
Van Manen, M. (1997a). Researching Lived Experience: Human Science for an Action Sensitive Pedagogy. London: Althouse Press.
Van Manen, M. (1997b). Phenomenological pedagogy and the question of meaning. In D. Vandenberg (Ed.), Phenomenology & education discourse (pp. 41–68). Heinemann.
Article Metrics
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Leadership in Organizations

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
| Journal of Leadership in Organizations |
| Journal of Leadership in Organizations (JLO), with registered number ISSN 2656-8829 (Print) and ISSN 2656-8810 (Online), is published by the Center for Leadership Studies, Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada. The content of this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License |
| © 2019 Journal of Leadership in Organizations | |



_logo2.png)


.png)




