A Meta-Analysis Study: The Relationship between Servant Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior

P. Tommy Y. Sumatera Suyasa; Qurrota A'yun; Raja Oloan Tumanggor

doi:10.22146/jlo.112215

A Meta-Analysis Study: The Relationship between Servant Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior

https://doi.org/10.22146/jlo.112215

P. Tommy Y. Sumatera Suyasa^(1*), Qurrota A'yun⁽²⁾, Raja Oloan Tumanggor⁽³⁾

(1) Master’s Program in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Tarumanagara
(2) Master’s Program in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Tarumanagara
(3) Master’s Program in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Tarumanagara
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Introduction/Main Objectives: This study examined the
relationship between servant leadership and organizational citizenship
behavior using a meta-analytic approach. The topic is essential
because servant leadership emphasizes ethical conduct, empathy, and
individual development contributing to organizational
effectiveness. Background Problems: Previous studies have
reported inconsistent findings regarding the influence of servant
leadership on organizational citizenship behavior across various cultural
and organizational contexts. This study examined the central
question: To what extent is the relationship between servant leadership
and organizational citizenship behavior consistent and significant within
Asian organizational contexts? Novelty: This research synthesized 22
quantitative studies conducted across Asia, published from 2015 to
2024, making it the first regional meta-analysis to systematically
explore the servant leadership and organizational citizenship behavior
relationship. Prior research has been fragmented and dominated by
Western perspectives, limiting comprehensive insights into
collectivist Asian cultures. Research Methods: A meta-analysis was
conducted using data from 6,023 participants. Statistical procedures,
including effect size calculation (r̂), Fisher’s Z transformation,
heterogeneity testing, and publication bias assessment, were
conducted using JAMOVI version 2.6.26. Finding/Results: The
results indicate a significant and positive correlation between
servant leadership and organizational citizenship behavior (r̂ = 0.359,
95% CI [0.274, 0.443]), demonstrating that a higher level of servant
leadership is associated with stronger extra-role behaviors among
employees. No evidence of publication bias was identified.
Conclusion: Servant leadership plays a critical role in fostering extrarole
behaviors among employees in Asian organizations. These
findings underscore the importance of cultivating servant
leadership practices to enhance collaboration, empathy, and
sustainable organizational performance.

Keywords

meta-analysis; organizational citizenship behavior; servant leadership

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