Kekerasan Terhadap Golongan Tionghoa pada Masa Revolusi di Malang, 1945–1949
Geza Surya Pratiwi(1*)
(1) Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
This article discusses mass-violence during the revolutionary period directed to the Chinese, who were considered to have received economic and political benefits during the colonial period. It aims to examine the roots of violence perpetrated against the Chinese since the Dutch colonial period in the city of Malang. To do so, this study uses primary sources such as archives, newspapers and photographs that were produced during the revolutionary period. In addition, this study also collected oral history through interviews with the survivors and other related parties. Based on the conducted research, it was found out that the violence against the Chinese during the revolution period in Malang occurred as a result of the accumulation of anger among the local population over the injustice policy of the colonial government benefitting the Chinese economically as well as politically.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Arsip
ANRI, Arsip Kementrian Dalam Negeri 1945 – 1949, No. 37.
ANRI, Arsip Kementerian Dalam Negeri, 1945 – 1949, No. 137.
ANRI, Arsip Kepolisian Negara 1945 – 1947, tanggal 22 Maret 1947, No. 331.
Arsip Dinas Sejarah Militer TNI AD, Arsip Intelijen Jawa Timur No. 345.
Artikel dan Buku
Ari Sapto (2012). Kerjasama dan Persaingan Elite di Jawa Timur pada Masa Krisis Pemerintahan Republik Indonesia, 1948 – 1950. Disertasi. Program Studi Humaniora. Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Benny G. Setiono (2008). Tionghoa dalam Pusaran Politik. Jakarta: Transmedia.
Bussemaker, H. Th. (2005). Bersiap! Opstand in het Paradijs: De Bersiap-periode op Java en Sumatra 1945 – 1946. Utrecht: Walburg Pers.
Colombijn, Freek & Lindblad, Thomas (2002). Roots of Violence in Indonesia: Contemporary Violence in Historical Perspective. Leiden: KITLV.
Coppel, Charles A. (1983). Indonesian Chinese in Crisis. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Departement van Economische Zaken (1935). Volkstelling 1930 Deel VII: Chinezen en Andere Vreemde Oosterlingen in Nederlandsch Indie. Batavia Centrum: Landsdrukkerij.
Dukut Imam Widodo (2006). Malang Tempoe Doeloe. Malang: Banyumedia Pulisher.
F. X. Harsono (30 September 2015). Pembunuhan Massal Orang Tionghoa di Pulau Jawa 1947 – 1949. http://toelip.wixsite.com/toelip/single-post/2015/09/30/Pembunuhan-Massal-Orang-Tionghoa-di-Pulau-Jawa-19471949.
Handinoto (1996). “Perkembangan Kota Malang pada Jaman Kolonial 1914 – 1940”, Dimensi 22.
Handinoto (2015). Komunitas Cina dan Perkembangan Kota Surabaya: Abad XVIII Sampai Pertengahan Abad X. Yogyakarta: Ombak.
Heidhues, Mary Somers (2012). “Anti-Chinese Violence in Java during the Indonesian Revolution, 1945-49”, Journal of Genocide Research 14, 3-4: 381-401.
Hui, Chung Hua Tsung (1947). Memorandum, Outlining Acts of Violence and Humanity Perpetrated by Indonesia Bands on Innocent Chinese Before and After The Dutch Police Action Was Enforced on July 21, 1947. Batavia.
Kahin, Audrey (1985). Regional Dynamics of the Indonesian Revolution. Hawai: University of Honolulu Press.
Melani Budianta (2012). “Cultural Expression of the Chinese”, dalam Lindsay, J. & Liem, M. (Eds.), Heirs to World Culture: Being Indonesian 1950 – 1965. Leiden: KITLV Press.
Ravando Lie (2014). Now is the Time to Kill All The Chinese! Social Revolution and the Massacre of Chinese in Tangerang, 1945 – 1946. MA Thesis. Colonial and Global History, Leiden University, Leiden.
Reid, Anthony (1981). “Revolusi Sosial: Revolusi Nasional”, Prisma, No. 8.
Reza Hudiyanto (2007). “Pahlawan yang Terlupakan: Pers Melayu, Etnik Tionghoa, dan Nasionalisme di Kota Malang, 1920 – 1950,” Humaniora 19, 3: 215-223.
Sartono Kartodirdjo (1981). “Wajah Revolusi Indonesia Dipandang dari Perspektivisme Struktural,” Prisma 8.
Siong, Han Bing (2001). “The Indonesian Need of Arms After Proclamation”, Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 157, 4: 799-830.
Sjafari, Irvan (1992). Peranan PMI di Keresidenan Malang pada Masa Revolusi 1945-1949. Skripsi. FSUI, Universitas Indonesia.
Tjamboek Berdoeri (2004). Indonesia dalem Api dan Bara. Jakarta: Elkasa.
Wild, Colin & Carey, Peter (Eds.) (1986). Gelora Api Revolusi: Sebuah Antologi Sejarah. Jakarta: Gramedia.
Surat Kabar dan Majalah
Algemeen Indisch Dagblad, 20 Agustus 1947.
De Gooi en Eenlander, 7 Agustus 1947.
De Vrije Pers, 15 Agustus 1949.
Sedar, 22 Desember 1949.
Sumber-sumber Internet
https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/fotocollectie/aef4cf02-d0b4-102d-bcf8-003048976d84?searchKey=5e4eac8902658a4d5cff9aadfc3785a6 diakses pada 10 April 2022 pukul 20.55
https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/fotocollectie/1a0b0326-fda3-60d3-4692-2906f686c5c0?searchKey=5e4eac8902658a4d5cff9aadfc3785a6 diakses pada 10 April 2022 pukul 20.58 WIB
https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/fotocollectie/19a87d12-62be-dfa7-de6d-f3611c079bc1?searchKey=5e4eac8902658a4d5cff9aadfc3785a6 diakses pada 10 April 2022 pukul 21.05 WIB
https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/fotocollectie/5fa42259-ee89-5991-49c1-7b738aca50e1?searchKey=5e4eac8902658a4d5cff9aadfc3785a6 diakses pada 10 April 2022 pukul 21.23 WIB
Wawancara Lisan
Wawancara dengan Bp. Anton Triyono (Pengurus Klenteng Eng An Kiong Malang) di Malang pada 8 Mei 2017 pukul 10.50.
Wawancara dengan pak Chambali Soewito atau Lie Giok Sing (Pengurus Yayasan Kematian Panca Budhi) pada 9 Mei 2017 pukul 09.45 WIB
Wawancara dengan Mbah Fatimah (usia 80 tahun) 13 Mei 2017 pukul 10.31 WIB
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/lembaran-sejarah.80455
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 2662 | views : 3044Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2022 Lembaran Sejarah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.