Alternatif Nature-based Solution untuk Daerah Rawan Bahaya Pesisir Barat Kabupaten Pangandaran

Djati Mardiatno; Aulia Syifa Ardiati; Nurul Hidayah; Galang Riswanda Nuswantara; Askiyamin Alimuddin; Hayu Nur Mahron

doi:10.22146/mgi.101717

Alternatif Nature-based Solution untuk Daerah Rawan Bahaya Pesisir Barat Kabupaten Pangandaran

https://doi.org/10.22146/mgi.101717

Djati Mardiatno^(1*), Aulia Syifa Ardiati⁽²⁾, Nurul Hidayah⁽³⁾, Galang Riswanda Nuswantara⁽⁴⁾, Askiyamin Alimuddin⁽⁵⁾, Hayu Nur Mahron⁽⁶⁾

(1) Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(2) Fakultas Geografi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia dan Pusat Studi Bencana, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta Indonesia
(3) Fakultas Geografi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(4) Fakultas Geografi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(5) Fakultas Geografi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(6) Fakultas Geografi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Abstrak. Kabupaten Pangandaran merupakan salah satu kabupaten di Provinsi Jawa Barat bagian selatan yang memiliki wilayah kepesisiran cukup luas dan beragam secara biofisik. Kawasan pesisir ini memiliki peran strategis dalam mendukung aktivitas ekonomi, sosial, dan ekologi masyarakat sekitar. Akan tetapi, kawasan pesisir juga menghadapi berbagai potensi bahaya alam seperti abrasi, banjir rob, gelombang ekstrem, dan perubahan garis pantai baik akibat dari faktor alam maupun dari faktor manusia. Setiap tipologi pesisir berperan strategis pengurangan risiko bencana yang berbeda menurut potensi dan ancamannya. Oleh karena itu, penentuan tipologi pesisir sangat penting untuk menilai tingkat bahaya dalam pengelolaan wilayah kepesisiran agar dapat memberikan solusi atas bahaya dengan tetap memperhatikan keberlanjutan sumber daya di wilayah pesisir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai tingkat dari bahaya kepesisiran dan menyusun alternatif pengelolaan bahaya tersebut berdasarkan prinsip Nature-based Solutions (NbS) atau solusi berbasis alam. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Coastal Hazard Wheel (CHW). Metode tersebut digunakan untuk menerjemahkan karakteristik biogeofisik berupa geological layout, paparan gelombang, rentang pasang surut, flora dan fauna, keseimbangan sedimen, serta storm climate menjadi bahaya kepesisiran. Metode CHW menghasilkan tingkat bahaya yang dapat menjadi landasan untuk menentukan tipe arahan pengelolaan berkelanjutan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Pesisir Barat Pangandaran memiliki empat tipe alternatif arahan pengelolaan, yaitu TSR (tidal inlet/sand split/river mouth), BA-5 (barrier), R-1 (sloping hard rock coast), dan PL-5 (sediment plain). Adapun rekomendasi Nature-based Solutions (NbS) yang diberikan untuk masing-masing dari keempat indeks pengelolaan, yaitu pada indeks BA-5 agar difokuskan pada upaya perbaikan sistem transportasi sedimen dan rehabilitasi struktur dinding batu guna mengurangi risiko pendangkalan dan banjir; pada indeks PL-5 penanganan utama dilakukan melalui pembangunan penghalang pantai serta optimalisasi pergerakan sedimen sebagai bentuk dari mitigasi; pada indeks TSR disarankan dilakukan pemulihan lahan basah untuk memperbaiki ekosistem mangrove yang mengalami degradasi akibat tekanan aktivitas alam dan manusia; sedangkan pada indeks R-1 tidak memerlukan tindakan prioritas karena kondisi kawasan dinilai stabil dan relatif aman dari ancaman signifikan.

Abstract. Pangandaran Regency, located in the southern part of West Java, features diverse coastal areas that play strategic roles in supporting local economic, social, and ecological activities. However, these coastal zone face various natural hazards including coastal abrasion, tidal flooding, extreme waves, and shoreline changes caused by both natural processes and human activities. Each coastal typology requires a different disaster risk reduction strategy based on its specific potential and threats. Therefore, identifying coastal typologies is crucial for assessing hazards and for guiding coastal management in a way that ensures the sustainability of coastal resources. This study aims to assess the level of coastal hazards and to formulate alternative hazard management strategies based on the principles of Natured-based Solutions (NbS). The method employed in this research is the Coastal Hazard Wheel (CHW), which translates biogeophysical characteristics-such as geological layout, wave exposure, tidal range, flora and fauna, sediment balance, and storm climate into coastal hazard classifications. The CHW method provides hazard level outputs that serve as a foundation for determining appropriate types of sustainable management approaches. The results of the study indicate that the western coast of Pangandaran falls into four management index categories: TSR (tidal inlet/sand split/river mouth), BA-5 (barrier), R-1 (sloping hard rock coast), dan PL-5 (sediment plain). The recommended Nature-based Solutions (NbS) for each of these categories are as follows: for the BA-5 index, efforts should focus on improving sediment transport systems and rehabilitating rock wall structures to reduce sedimentation and flood risks; for the PL-5 index, the main strategy involves constructing coastal barriers and optimizing sediment movement as a form of mitigation; for the TSR index, wetland restoration is recommended to rehabilitate degradaded mangrove ecosystems impacted by both natural and human pressures; and for the R-1 index, no priority action is required, as the area is considered stable and relatively safe from significant threats.

Submitted:2024-11-20 Revisions:2025-08-13 Accepted: 2024-09-11 Published:2025-09-07

Keywords

Kepesisiran; Coastal Hazard Wheel; Nature based Solution

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/mgi.101717