Studi Kebencanaan Kritis terhadap Konstruksi Gagasan Bencana Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan Kalimantan Tengah

Hanina Naura Fadhila

doi:10.22146/mgi.107132

Studi Kebencanaan Kritis terhadap Konstruksi Gagasan Bencana Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan Kalimantan Tengah

https://doi.org/10.22146/mgi.107132

Hanina Naura Fadhila^(1*)

(1) Departemen Antropologi, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55821, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Abstrak. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan studi kebencanaan kritis dengan metodologi etnografi untuk menganalisis proses pembingkaian peristiwa kebakaran hutan dan lahan yang dikonstruksi sebagai bencana alam beserta kaitannya dengan diskusi neoliberalisme dan biopolitik. Pendekatan ini menekankan agar pengkajian bencana tidak hanya terbatas pada aspek fisik saja namun juga didalamnya mencakup sosial, politik, ekonomi, politik, dan budaya termasuk didalamnya adalah urusan tata kelola. Masyarakat Dayak Ngaju di Kalimantan Tengah memiliki cara tersendiri dalam menavigasi lanskap hutan rawa gambut untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan subsistensi dan mata pencaharian selama ratusan tahun dengan bantuan penggunaan api. Namun sejak tiga episode kebakaran tahun 1997, 2015, dan 2019, mereka kini menjadi sasaran konfigurasi ulang oleh kekuasaan. Kekuasaan menciptakan kondisi ‘kerentanan’ lewat gagasan bencana alam sebagai pemicu dari terlaksananya beragam kepentingan ekonomi politik lewat narasi-narasi baru mengenai hutan rawa gambut. Penciptaan itu dapat dilihat dari proses degradasi lanskap hutan rawa gambut sehingga berakhir pada terjadinya bencana kebakaran dan hilangnya akses pemanfaatan hutan secara bebas.

Abstract. This study utilizes critical disaster studies approach with ethnographic methodology to analyse the framing process of forest fires that constructed as natural disasters and its dialectic to the discourse of biopolitics and neoliberalism. This approach emphasizes that disaster studies inquiries should not be confined to the physical aspects, it should expand them to the social, political, economic, and cultural aspects, including governmental process. Dayak Ngaju indigenous community in Central Kalimantan has its own way of navigating the peat swamp forest landscape to meet their subsistence and livelihood needs for hundreds of years along with fire assistance. However, since the three episodes of disastrous fires in 1997, 2015, and 2019, the indigenous Dayak Ngaju community have become the target of state reconfiguration that led them to a state of vulnerability. The idea of natural disasters became a trigger for the implementation of various economic and political interests through the creation of new narratives regarding peat swamp forests. This creation can be seen in the process of peat swamp forest landscape degradation, which potentially leads to forest fires and the loss of free access to forest use.

Submitted:2025-05-26 Revisions: 2025-08-22 Accepted:2025-08-26 Published:2025-08-28

Keywords

biopower; gambut; kebakaran hutan; neoliberalisme; tata kelola

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/mgi.107132