Sebaran Kekeringan Meteorologis dan Implikasinya di Kabupaten Jember

Bitania Sekar Apsari; Vivi Fitriani; Septian Tegar Yuristiawan

doi:10.22146/mgi.108615

Sebaran Kekeringan Meteorologis dan Implikasinya di Kabupaten Jember

https://doi.org/10.22146/mgi.108615

Bitania Sekar Apsari⁽¹⁾, Vivi Fitriani^(2*), Septian Tegar Yuristiawan⁽³⁾

(1) Jurusan Ilmu Tanah, Universitas Jember, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
(2) Jurusan Ilmu Tanah, Universitas Jember, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
(3) Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Nunukan, Kalimantan Utara, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Abstrak Kekeringan meteorologis merupakan indikator awal yang krusial dalam mendeteksi tekanan iklim yang berpotensi memicu gangguan pada sektor pertanian dan sumber daya air. Kabupaten Jember sebagai wilayah dengan dominasi lahan pertanian tadah hujan memiliki tingkat kerentanan tinggi terhadap fluktuasi curah hujan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pola temporal dan sebaran spasial kekeringan meteorologis di Kabupaten Jember selama periode 2004–2023 menggunakan Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) multiskala (1, 3, 6, 9, dan 12 bulan). Data curah hujan dari 77 stasiun diuji homogenitasnya menggunakan Buishand Range Test, dengan 71 stasiun dinyatakan layak analisis. Pemetaan dilakukan menggunakan metode interpolasi Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) dalam Sistem Informasi Geografis. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kekeringan terjadi berulang hampir setiap tahun dengan cakupan spasial yang luas dan intensitas berbeda pada tiap skala waktu. Luasan kekeringan tertinggi tercatat pada SPI 6 bulan sebesar 329.100 ha (Mei), menunjukkan tekanan akumulatif terhadap sistem irigasi dan cadangan air. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa pendekatan SPI multiskala efektif sebagai dasar sistem peringatan dini dan perencanaan adaptasi berbasis wilayah, khususnya untuk pengelolaan pertanian dan sumber daya air di tingkat kabupaten.

Abstract.Meteorological drought serves as a critical early indicator of climate stress that can disrupt agricultural systems and water resources. Jember Regency, characterized by extensive rainfed agricultural land, is highly vulnerable to rainfall variability. This study aims to analyze the temporal patterns and spatial distribution of meteorological drought in Jember Regency during the 2004–2023 period using the multi-timescale Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) at 1-, 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month intervals. Monthly rainfall data from 77 stations were tested for homogeneity using the Buishand Range Test, with 71 stations deemed suitable for further analysis. Spatial mapping was conducted using the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation method within a Geographic Information System framework. The results indicate that drought events occurred recurrently almost every year, with varying spatial extent and intensity across timescales. The most extensive drought area was identified under the 6-month SPI in May, covering 329,100 ha, reflecting cumulative stress on irrigation systems and water reserves. These findings demonstrate that the multi-timescale SPI approach provides a robust basis for early warning systems and spatially informed adaptation planning, particularly for agricultural and water resource management at the regency level.

Submitted:2025-07-01 Revisions: 2025-11-07 Accepted:2026-03-02 Published:2026-03-10

Keywords

curah hujan; interpolasi IDW; kekeringan meteorologis; Kabupaten Jember; SPI

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/mgi.108615