Pemodelan spasial alternatif tempat evakuasi sementara dan jalur evakuasi bencana tsunami di pesisir Desa Watukarung, Kabupaten Pacitan

Faiza Fikri Wibawa; Bayu Argadyanto Prabawa

doi:10.22146/mgi.111048

Pemodelan spasial alternatif tempat evakuasi sementara dan jalur evakuasi bencana tsunami di pesisir Desa Watukarung, Kabupaten Pacitan

https://doi.org/10.22146/mgi.111048

Faiza Fikri Wibawa⁽¹⁾, Bayu Argadyanto Prabawa^(2*)

(1) Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Teknologi Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta
(2) Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Teknologi Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Abstrak. Pesisir Desa Watukarung menjadi salah satu kawasan rawan bencana tsunami yang memiliki nilai strategis sebagai destinasi wisata geopark sekaligus direncanakan sebagai Pangkalan Pendaratan Ikan di Kabupaten Pacitan, sehingga upaya mitigasi bencana tsunami perlu dilakukan sebagai bagian perencanaan penataan ruang yang memperhatikan aspek kebencanaan dan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merencanakan rute evakuasi optimal dan menentukan alternatif tempat evakuasi sementara (TES) bencana tsunami dengan mempertimbangkan area aman terdekat, kapasitas, serta distribusi populasi di pesisir Desa Watukarung. Pemodelan spasial dilakukan dengan skenario run-up 29,2 meter untuk mengidentifikasi area bahaya dan area aman. Metode Least Cost Distance (LCD) digunakan untuk membuat jalur evakuasi optimal dan menghitung kebutuhan waktu atau waktu tempuh evakuasi, sementara distribusi populasi dihitung berdasarkan sensus kapasitas bangunan pelayanan umum dan observasi lapangan. Hasil pemodelan bahaya tsunami menunjukkan jarak genangan hingga 900 meter dari garis pantai seluas 170,66 Ha. Pemodelan area aman tsunami menunjukkan 2 lokasi TES dari Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW) Kabupaten Pacitan belum memenuhi kriteria area aman yang digunakan. Berdasarkan distribusi populasi dan jarak aman terhadap area bahaya tsunami, diusulkan sebanyak 8 lokasi TES alternatif menggantikan 2 lokasi dalam RTRW. Hasil pemodelan jalur evakuasi membentuk 16 jalur evakuasi, 5 di antaranya memenuhi waktu tempuh ≤11 menit, dan sebagian melintasi lahan pertanian untuk efisiensi waktu. Disarankan pengadaan early warning system, pembangunan akses evakuasi, diseminasi rencana mitigasi, dan simulasi rutin untuk meningkatkan keberhasilan evakuasi bencana tsunami di pesisir Desa Watukarung.

Abstract The coastal area of Watukarung Village is a region prone to tsunami disasters with strategic value as a geopark tourist destination and a planned Fish Landing Base in Pacitan Regency. Therefore, tsunami mitigation efforts are essential as part of spatial planning that considers disaster risk and sustainability. This study aimed to plan optimal evacuation routes and determine alternative temporary evacuation shelters (TES) for a tsunami disaster by considering the nearest safe areas, capacity, and population distribution along the coast of Watukarung Village. Spatial modeling was conducted using a 29.2-meter run-up scenario to identify hazard and safe zones. The Least Cost Distance (LCD) method was applied to generate optimal evacuation routes and calculate the required evacuation travel time, while population distribution was calculated based on a census of public service building capacity and field observations. The tsunami hazard modeling results showed an inundation distance of up to 900 meters from the coastline, covering an area of 170.66 hectares. The safe area modeling revealed that two TES locations from the Pacitan Regency Spatial Plan (RTRW) did not meet the safe area criteria used in this study. Based on population distribution and a safe distance from the tsunami hazard zone, eight alternative TES locations were proposed to replace the two locations in the RTRW. The evacuation route modeling resulted in 16 evacuation paths, five of which achieved a travel time of ≤11 minutes. Some of these paths traverse agricultural land for time efficiency. The study suggests that providing an early warning system, constructing evacuation access, disseminating the mitigation plan, and conducting regular simulations are necessary to enhance the success of tsunami disaster evacuations on the coast of Watukarung Village.

Submitted: 2025-09-08 Revisions: 2025-09-18 Accepted: 2025-09-25 Published: 2025-09-25

Keywords

bahaya tsunami; jalur evakuasi; pemodelan spasial; tempat evakuasi sementara

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/mgi.111048