Jejak Historis Eksonim Prancis di Pesisir Utara Papua dan Pulau-pulau di Sekitarnya

https://doi.org/10.22146/mgi.116792

Albina Apriadsa(1*), Bowo Susilo(2), Sudaryatno Sudaryatno(3)

(1) Badan Informasi Geospasial, Cibinong, Indonesia
(2) Fakultas Geografi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
(3) Fakultas Geografi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Abstrak. Prancis turut berkontribusi terhadap terbentuknya lanskap toponim (nama rupabumi) di pesisir utara Papua dan pulau-pulau di sekitarnya melalui aktivitas penjelajahan yang dilaksanakan pada abad ke-18 dan ke-19. Bougainville, d’Entrecasteaux, Freycinet, Duperrey, dan Dumont d’Urville adalah di antara para penjelajah Prancis terkemuka yang pernah memimpin ekspedisi ilmiah di wilayah tersebut. Salah satu hasil dari penjelajahan ini adalah terpetakannya wilayah pesisir utara Papua dan pulau-pulau di sekitarnya secara detail, termasuk kemunculan eksonim-eksonim Prancis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji keberadaan eksonim-eksonim Prancis di pesisir utara Papua dan pulau-pulau di sekitarnya dengan pendekatan heuristik melalui analisis berbagai jenis dokumen dan peta. Hasilnya, teridentifikasi sebanyak 81 unsur rupabumi memiliki historis penamaan berbahasa Prancis, termasuk dua di antaranya berasal dari penamaan oleh kartografer Belanda. Eksonim-eksonim tersebut secara spasial terkonsentrasi di tiga wilayah utama, yaitu pesisir utara Papua bagian timur, Selat Yapen, dan pesisir utara Pulau Waigeo hingga Kepulauan Ayu. Sebagian eksonim ini muncul secara spontan saat penjelajahan dilakukan, dibuktikan dengan adanya narasi pada catatan perjalanan masing-masing penjelajah, atau hanya tercantum pada peta tanpa adanya penjelasan lebih lanjut. Berdasarkan klasifikasi dari Blair dan Tent (2020) yang ditujukan khusus untuk kategorisasi penamaan rupabumi bangsa Eropa di masa penjelajahan, sebagian besar eksonim ini diklasifikasikan sebagai eponymous (63%) yang diikuti oleh eksonim bersifat descriptive (27%). Namun demikian, keberadaan eksonim Prancis ini mengalami penurunan dari waktu ke waktu akibat tidak adanya aktivitas kolonial Prancis di Papua pascapenjelajahan. Di samping itu, eksplorasi secara intensif oleh pemerintah kolonial Hindia-Belanda dan kebijakan Pemerintah Indonesia dalam penamaan rupabumi yang memprioritaskan penggunaan nama rupabumi berbasis bahasa setempat, turut andil dalam perubahan eksonim Prancis. Saat ini, setidaknya terdapat sembilan eksonim Prancis yang masih tercantum dalam Peta Rupabumi Indonesia (RBI).

Abstract. France had contributed to the toponymic (geographical name) landscape of the northern coast of Papua and its surrounding islands through exploratory activities conducted during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Bougainville, d’Entrecasteaux, Freycinet, Duperrey, and Dumont d’Urville were among the prominent French navigators who led scientific expeditions in the region. One of the outcomes of these voyages was the detailed mapping of the northern coast of Papua and its surrounding islands, accompanied by the emergence of French exonyms. This study aims to examine the presence of French exonyms along the northern coast of Papua and its surrounding islands. A heuristic approach is employed based on various documents and maps. The results indicate that a total of 81 geographical features have historically French-derived names, including two cases in which the names were introduced by Dutch cartographers. These exonyms are spatially concentrated in three principal areas: the eastern part of the northern coast of Papua, the Strait of Yapen, and the northern coast of Waigeo Island to Ayu Islands. Some of these exonyms appear to have been coined spontaneously during the voyages, as evidenced by narratives in voyage accounts, while others are recorded solely on maps without further explanation. According to the classification proposed by Blair and Tent (2020), which is specifically designed for categorizing European exploratory toponyms, most of these exonyms are eponymous (63%) and descriptive (27%). However, the presence of French exonyms has gradually declined due to the absence of French colonialism. In addition, intensive exploration by the colonial government of the Dutch East Indies and the latest policies of the Indonesian Government on geographical naming that prioritize the use of locally based toponyms, has contributed to the replacement of French exonyms. Currently, at least nine French exonyms remain recorded on the Indonesian Topographic Maps.

Submitted:2026-02-12 Revisions:2026-03-09 Accepted:2026-03-16 Published: 2026-03-16



Keywords


eksonim; Papua; Prancis



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