Kajian Perubahan Muka Airtanah di Cekungan Airtanah Yogyakarta-Sleman

Heru Hendrayana; Azmin Nuha; Indra Agus Riyanto; Briyan Aprimanto

Kajian Perubahan Muka Airtanah di Cekungan Airtanah Yogyakarta-Sleman

Heru Hendrayana^(1*), Azmin Nuha⁽²⁾, Indra Agus Riyanto⁽³⁾, Briyan Aprimanto⁽⁴⁾

(1) 1Departemen Teknik Geologi, Fakultas Teknik Universitas Gadjah Mada , Yogyakarta
(2) Groundwater Working Group (GWWG) Teknik Geologi, Fakultas Teknik Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.
(3) Magister Pengelolaan dan Perencanaan Pesisir dan Daerah Aliran Sungai, Fakultas Geografi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(4) Groundwater Working Group (GWWG) Teknik Geologi, Fakultas Teknik Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Jumlah Penduduk dan industri yang terus meningkat di Cekungan Airtanah (CAT) Yogyakarta-Sleman. Perubahan muka airtanah dipengaruhi oleh faktor alami maupun faktor akibat aktivitas manusia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perubahan muka airtanah dan faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap perubahan muka airtanah. Metode yang digunakan berupa analisis spasial perubahan muka airtanah dan uji korelasi serta regresi. Data yang digunakan untuk analisis perubahan muka airtanah adalah sumur gali, sumur bor, curah hujan, penggunaan lahan, transmissivitas dan pemanfaatan airtanah tahun 2011 dan 2015. Sampel sumur gali yang digunakan sejumlah 800 dan sampel sumur bor yang digunakan sejumlah 16. Analisis spasial dilakukan dengan membandingkan dua peta muka airtanah tahun 2011 dan 2015 dengan menggunakan Arc GIS. Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan menggunakan Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS). Metode statistik yang digunakan adalah uji korelasi pearson product moment dan regresi metode backward dan stepwise. Perubahan muka airtanah akuifer bagian atas tahun 2011 hingga 2015 memiliki perbedaan kedalaman antara -7 – 11 meter, sedangkan akuifer bagian bawah berkisar -2,2 – 1,4 meter. Parameter yang memiliki pengaruh terbesar hingga terkecil terhadap perubahan muka airtanah akuifer bagian atas adalah hujan (0,000), tutupan lahan (0,001), tingkat pemanfaatan airtanah (0,001) dan transmisivitas (0,411), sedangkan akuifer bagian bawah berupa tingkat pemanfaatan airtanah (0,000), transmisivitas (0,000), jumlah sumur bor (0,015), hujan (0,026), dan tutupan lahan (0,254). Faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap perubahan muka airtanah akuifer bagian atas adalah curah hujan dengan hasil regresi backward 0,133 , sedangkan pada akuifer bagian bawah adalah jumlah sumur bor pengguna airtanah dengan hasil regresi backward -0,012 .

The development of industries and populations in Yogyakarta-Sleman Groundwater Basin. There are several factors that can change the water table is natural factors and anthropogenic factors. The objectives of this research are to know whether the water tables changed and to analyze the most influential factor in the water table change. The method of the research consists of making spatial analysis the water table changes map and correlation analyses as well as regression analyses. The data used for analysis of groundwater level changes are dug wells, boreholes, rainfall, landuse, transmissivity and groundwater use in 2011 and 2015. This research used 800 samples dug wells and 16 boreholes. Spatial analysis compared groundwater level map in 2011 and 2015 usin ArcGIS. Satistical analysis was performed using Product and Service Solutions (SPSS). The statistical method used is the product moment correlation and backward and stepwise regression methods.The water table change on the upper aquifer in 2011 and 2015 has different depth about -7 – 14 meter whereas the lower aquifer in 2011 and 2015 is -2,2 - 1,4 meter. The largest and the smallest influence of the parameters toward the water table change on the upper aquifer respectively are rainfall parameter (0,000), land cover (0,001), the rate of groundwater usage (0,001) and transmissivity (0,411). In the other hand, the influences of the parameters on the lower aquifer are the rate of groundwater usage (0,000), transmissivity (0,000), the number of drilling well (0,015), rain fall (0,026), and land cover (0,254). The most influence factor to the water table change on the upper aquifer is rain fall with backward regression 0,133, whereas on the lower aquifer is the number of drilling well with backward regression -0,012..

Keywords

Perubahan muka airtanah, cekungan airtanah Yogyakarta-Sleman, akuifer atas dan bawah, analisis statistik

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