The effect of oil palm empty fruit bunch (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) fiber addition at various volume fractions on the compressive strength of flowable composite resin

https://doi.org/10.22146/majkedgiind.111004

Heikal Faried Abdullah(1), Rahmi Khairani Aulia(2*), Aria Fransiska(3)

(1) Undergraduate student, Faculty of Dentistry, Andalas University, Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia
(2) Department of Dental Materials, Universitas Andalas, Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia
(3) Department of Dental Materials, Universitas Andalas, Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fibers have emerged as a promising natural alternative to synthetic fibers due to their mechanical strength and biocompatibility, although research on their use as a reinforcing in composite resin remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of OPEFB fiber incorporation on the compressive strength of flowable composite resin. A true experimental design with a post-test-only control group was employed. The OPEFB fibers underwent chemical and double silane treatments and were randomly oriented prior to incorporation. Fifteen cylindrical specimens (6 mm × 12 mm) were allocated into three groups based on fiber volume fraction (0%, 1%, and 1.5%). Compressive strength was tested using a universal testing machine following ASTM D-695 standards. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA (p < 0.05) followed by a post-hoc Least Significant Difference (LSD) test. The mean compressive strength of flowable composite resins at 0%, 1%, and 1.5% OPEFB fiber volume fractions were 261.99 ± 17.64, 301.20 ± 19.26, 368.52 ± 14.90 MPa. One-way ANOVA test showed that the mean compressive strength in the three groups was significantly different (p < 0.05). The post-hoc LSD test showed significant differences (p < 0.05) among all groups. This study concluded that the incorporation of OPEFB fiber can enhance the compressive strength of flowable composite resin, with the highest reinforcement observed at the 1.5% OPEFB fiber volume fraction.


Keywords


compressive strength; Elaeis guineensis Jacq.; flowable composite resin; oil palm empty fruit bunch

Full Text:

9. Heikal


References

  1. Shen C, Rawls HR, Esquivel-Upshaw JF. Phillips’ Science of Dental Materials. 13th Edition. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2022.
  2. Aulia RK. Biocompatibility of dental resin composites. Journal of Syiah Kuala Dentistry Society. 2022; 7(1): 63–68. doi: 10.24815/jds.v7i1.27257
  3. Pratap B, Gupta RK, Bhardwaj B, Nag M. Resin based restorative dental materials: characteristics and future perspectives. Japanese Dental Science Review. 2019; 55(1): 126–138. doi: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2019.09.004
  4. Vouvoudi EC. Overviews on the progress of flowable dental polymeric composites: their composition, polymerization process, flowability and radiopacity aspects. Polymers (Basel). 2022; 14(19): 4182. doi: 10.3390/polym14194182
  5. Darvell BW. Mechanical test relevance—a personal perspective on some methods and requirements. Front Dent Med. 2023; 3(10): 1–13. doi: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.1084006
  6. Vallittu P, Özcan M. Clinical Guide to Principles of Fiber Reinforced Composites in Dentistry. Elsevier Science & Technology; 2017. 11–93.
  7. Vallittu PK. An overview of development and status of fiber-reinforced composites as dental and medical biomaterials. Biomaterial Investigations in Dentistry. 2018; 4(1): 44–55. doi: 10.1080/23337931.2018.1457445
  8. Raju R, Rajan G, Farrar P, Prusty BG. Dimensional stability of short fibre reinforced flowable dental composites. Sci Rep. 2021; 11(1): 4697. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-83947-x
  9. Fransiska A, Sunarintyas S, Dharmastiti R. Effect of Bombyx mori silk-fiber volume on flexural strength of fiber-reinforced composite. Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia. 2018; 4(2):75-81. doi: 10.22146/majkedgiind.25186
  10. Faheed NK. Advantages of natural fiber composites for biomedical applications: a review of recent advances. Emergent Mater. 2024; 7(1): 63–75. doi: 10.1007/s42247-023-00620-x
  11. Karimah A, Ridho MR, Munawar SS, Adi DS, Ismadi, Damayanti R, et al. A review on natural fibers for development of eco-friendly bio-composite: characteristics, and utilizations. Journal of Materials Research and Technology. 2021; 13: 2442–2458. doi: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.06.014
  12. Susi S, Ainuri M, Wagiman W, Falah MAF. High-Yield alpha-cellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunches by optimizing thermochemical delignification processes for use as microcrystalline cellulose. Int J Biomater. 2023; 2023(1): 1–15. doi: 10.1155/2023/9169431
  13. Babu NSA, Alawi R, Muttlib NAA, Karobari MI. A Comprehensive review on oil palm fibre implementations in Medical Sector. J Food Process Preserv. 2023; 2023(1): 1–8. doi: 10.1155/2023/1206963
  14. Sapuan S, M. Tahir P, SaifulAzry S, Lee SH. Oil Palm Biomass for Composite Panels: Fundamentals, Processing, and Applications. 1st Edition. Elsevier; 2022.
  15. Abdullah CI, Azzahari AD, Rahman NMMAbd, Hassan A, Yahya R. optimizing treatment of oil palm-empty fruit bunch (op-efb) fiber: chemical, thermal and physical properties of alkalized fibers. Fibers Polym. 2019; 20(3): 527–537. doi: 10.1007/s12221-019-8492-0
  16. Rao PR, Ramakrishna G. Oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber: surface morphology, treatment, and suitability as reinforcement in cement composites- A state of the art review. Cleaner Materials. 2022; 6: 100144. doi: 10.1016/j.clema.2022.100144
  17. Hadianto E, Syifa LL, Hanafie HF. Pengaruh fraksi volume fiber sisal (Agave sisalana) terhadap kekuatan fleksural resin komposit. Odonto: Dental Journal. 2018; 5(2): 139–144. doi: 10.30659/odj.5.2.139-144
  18. Theng GW, Johari Y, Rahman IA, Muttlib NAA, Yusuf MNM, Alawi R. Mechanical properties of dental composite reinforced with natural fiber. Journal of International Dental and Medical Research. 2019; 12(4): 1242–1247.
  19. Mallick PK. Fiber-Reinforced Composites: Materials, Manufacturing, and Design. Third Edition. CRC Press; 2008. doi: 10.1201/9781420005981
  20. Cevanti TA, Sari NSP, Isnaini SI, Rois MF, Setyawan H, Soetojo A, et al. Cellulose fiber from coconut coir for development of dental composite filler. J Int Dent Med Res. 2021; 14(4): 1401–1406.
  21. Nugroho DA, Widjijono W, Nuryono N, Asmara W, Aastuti WD, Ardianata D. Effects of filler volume of nanosisal in compressive strength of composite resin. Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi). 2017; 50(4): 183-187. doi: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v50.i4.p183-187
  22. Seisa K, Chinnasamy V, Ude AU. Surface treatments of natural fibres in fibre reinforced composites: a review. Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe. 2022; 30(2): 82–89. doi: 10.2478/ftee-2022-0011
  23. Ali AAAR, John J, Mani SA, El‐Seedi HR. Effect of thermal cycling on flexural properties of microcrystalline cellulose‐reinforced denture base acrylic resins. Journal of Prosthodontics. 2020; 29(7): 611–616. doi: 10.1111/jopr.13018
  24. Widyasrini DA, Sunarintyas S. Effects of alkalisation and volume fraction reinforcement of Bombyx mori silk fibre on the flexural strength of dental composite resins. Dent J. 2020; 53(2): 57–61. doi: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v53.i2.p57-61
  25. Matinlinna JP, Lung CYK, Tsoi JKH. Silane adhesion mechanism in dental applications and surface treatments: A review. Dental Materials. 2018; 34(1): 13–28. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.09.002
  26. Varghese JT, Cho K, Raju, Farrar P, Prentice L, Prusty BG. Effect of silane coupling agent and concentration on fracture toughness and water sorption behaviour of fibre-reinforced dental composites. Dent Mater. 2023; 39(4): 362–371. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.03.002
  27. Varghese TJ, Cho K, Raju, Farrar P, Prentice L, Prusty BG. Influence of silane coupling agent on the mechanical performance of flowable fibre-reinforced dental composites. Dental Materials. 2022; 38(7): 1173–1183. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.06.002
  28. Faizah A, Pratiwi FI. Pengaruh jumlah aplikasi silane terhadap kekerasan fiber reinforced composite. Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran Gigi. 2022; 5(2): 1–6. doi: 10.23917/jikg.v5i2.19895
  29. Garoushi S. Fiber-Reinforced Composites. In: Dental Composite Materials for Direct Restorations [Internet]. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2018. 119–128. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-60961-4_9
  30. Lassila L, Garoushi S, Vallittu PK, Säilynoja E. Mechanical properties of fiber reinforced restorative composite with two distinguished fiber length distribution. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2016; 60: 331–338. doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.01.036
  31. Fonseca RB, Paula MS de, Favarão IN, Kasuya AVB, Almeida LN de, Mendes GAM, et al. Reinforcement of dental methacrylate with glass fiber after heated silane application. Biomed Res Int. 2014; 2014(1): 1–5. doi: 10.1155/2014/364398
  32. Lassila L, Säilynoja E, Prinssi R, Vallittu P, Garoushi S. Characterization of a new fiber reinforced flowable composite. Odontology. 2019; 107(3): 342–52. doi: 10.1007/s10266-018-0405-y



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/majkedgiind.111004

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 569 | views : 178

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2025 Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

 

 View My Stats


real time web analytics