In-vitro cytotoxicity activity of potato (Solanum tuberosum. L) peel extracts against human gingival fibroblasts

Khong Mei Xuan; Anne Handrini Dewi; Ivan Arie Wahyudi

doi:10.22146/majkedgiind.40196

In-vitro cytotoxicity activity of potato (Solanum tuberosum. L) peel extracts against human gingival fibroblasts

https://doi.org/10.22146/majkedgiind.40196

Khong Mei Xuan⁽¹⁾, Anne Handrini Dewi⁽²⁾, Ivan Arie Wahyudi^(3*)

(1) Klinik Pergigian Kuala Sanglang Government Clinic, Perlis
(2) Department of Dental Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(3) Department of Dental Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Potato peel is often regarded as waste although it contains phenolic compounds, glycoalkaloids, and flavonoid. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of potato peel extracts on the viability of Human Gingival Fibroblasts (HGF). Potato peel extracts were prepared by a maceration technique. The 96-well tissue culture micro titre plates were seeded with HGF at a density of 2×104 cells/100 μL and incubated for 24 hours. Next, 100 μL of potato peel extracts at a concentration of 62.5 μg/mL, 125 μg/mL, 250 μg/mL, 500 μg/mL, and 1000 μg/mL and a medium (control) were dispensed into the well of the cell culture. Each concentration was evaluated for its viability with 3 replicate samples. The results of the MTT test were analyzed statistically using one-way ANOVA and LSD test. The mean and standard deviation of the viable HGF after incubated with the potato peel extract at the concentration of 62.5 μg/mL, 125 μg/mL, 250 μg/mL, 500 μg/mL, and 1000 μg/mL were 98.67% ± 3.56, 88.34% ± 0.79, 55.42% ± 3.96, 28.33% ± 0.60, and 26.26% ± 0.53, respectively. The percentage of non-viable HGF increased with an increase in the concentration of the potato peel extract. The ANOVA test result showed a significant influence of various concentrations of the potato peel extract on the viability of HGF (p<0.05). The result of the LSD-test showed a significant difference among all the treatment groups (p<0.05). A higher concentration of potato peel extracts increased the viability of HGF cell line and the concentrations of 62.5 μg/mL and 125 μg/mL were considered non-cytotoxic.

Keywords

cytotoxicity; HGF cells; potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) peel extracts; viability

Full Text:

PDF

References

1. Samaranayake L. Essential Microbiology for Dentistry. 4th ed. Churchill: Churchill
Livingstone; 2011. 279. doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2012.309

2. Yuen MKZ, Wong RWK, Hägg U, Samaranayake L. Antimicrobial activity of traditional chinese
medicines on common oral bacterial. Chinese Medicine. 2011; 2(2): 37–42.
doi: 10.4236/cm.2011.22007

3. Marchetti E, Mummolo S, Mattia J Di, Casalena F, Martino S Di, Mattei A, Marzo G.
Efficacy of essential oil mouthwash with and without alcohol : a 3-day plaque accumulation
model. Trials. 2011; 12(262): 1–7. doi: 10.1186/1745-6215-12-262

4. Troy D, Beringer P. The Science and Practice of Pharmacy. 21st ed. Vol. 70. Philadelphia:
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006. 751 p. Available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1636967/pdf/ajpe71_4.pdf

5. Haq MW, Batool M, Ahsan SH, Qureshi NR. Alcohol use in mouthwash and possible oral
health concerns. J Pak Med Assoc. 2009; 59(3): 186–190.

6. Eley BM. Antibacterial agents in the control of supragingival plaque — a review. Br Dent J.
1999; 186(6): 286–296. doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.4800090

7. Keyhan SO, Fallahi HR, Motamedi A, Khoshkam V, Mehryar P, Moghaddas O,
Cheshmi B, Firoozi P, Yousefi P, Houshmand B. Reopening of dental clinics during SARSCoV-
2 pandemic: an evidence-based review of literature for clinical interventions. Maxillofac
Plast Reconstr Surg. 2020; 42(1): 1–13. doi:10.1186/s40902-020-00268-1

8. Schieber A, Saldana MDA. Potato peels : a source of nutritionally and pharmacologically
interesting compounds – a review. Food. 2009; 3(2): 23–29. doi: 10.7939/R33T9DM0H

9. Higdon J. Flavonoids. Linus Pauling Institute Oregon State University. 2015 [cited 2015 Jan
15]. Available at http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/phytochemicals/flavonoids/

10. Yao L, Jiang Y, Tomas-Barberan F, Datta N, Singanusong R, Chen S. Flavonoids in food
and their health benefits. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2004; 59(3): 113–122.
doi:10.1007/s11130-004-0049-7

11. Sukrasno, Sari Y, Kusmardiyani S. Influence of cooking methods on chlorogenic acid content
of potato peels (Solanumtuberosum L.). IJPPR. 2014; 6(3): 488–491.

12. Dadlia M, Tarsi R, Papetti A, Grisoli P, Dacarro C, Pruzzo C, et al. Antiadhesive effect of green and roasted coffee on streptococcus mutans’ adhesive properties on saliva-coated
hydroxyapatite beads. J Agric Food Chem. 2002; 50(5): 1225–1229. doi: 10.1021/jf010958t

13. Illeperuma RP, Park YJ, Kim JM, Bae JY, Che ZM, Son HK, Han MR, Kim KM, Kim J. Immortalized gingival fibroblasts as a cytotoxicity test model for dental materials. J
Mater Sci Mater Med. 2012; 23(3): 753–762. doi:10.1007/s10856-011-4473-6

14. Boraldi F, Coppi C, Bortolini S, Consolo U, Tiozzo R. Cytotoxic evaluation of elastomeric
dental impression materials on a permanent mouse cell line and on a primary human
gingival fibroblast culture. Materials (Basel). 2009; 2(3): 934–44. doi:10.3390/ma2030934

15. Junqueira L, Carneiro J. Basic Histology Text & Atlas. 11th ed. Brazil: McGraw-Hill Medical;
2005. 63.

16. Souto-Lopes M, Azevedo A, Teixeira A, Bastos-Aires D, Lordelo J, Perez-Mongiovi D. Cytotoxicity of acrylic based resin compounds in a human gingival fibroblast cell line. Revista Portuguesa de Estomatologia, Medicina Dentária e Cirurgia Maxilofacial. 2013; 54(2): 87–90.
doi:10.1016/j.rpemd.2013.02.003

17. Nugraheni M, Santoso U, Suparmo, Wuryastuti. Potential of coleus tuberosus as an antioxidant and cancer chemoprevention agent. Int Food Res J. 2011; 18(4): 1471–1480.

18. HiMedia Laboratories. Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM). Mumbai: Hi Media;
2011. 1–2.

19. ISO 10993-5. Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices – Part 5: Tests for in vitro Cytotoxicity.
Geneva: International Organization for Standardization; 2009. 24–28.

20. Anonym. Cell Culture Basic Handbook. 2013 [cited 2015 Jun 30]. Available at www.
vanderbilt.edu/viibre/CellCultureBasicsEU.pdf

21. Williams P, James R, Roberts S. Principles of Toxicology Environmental and Industrial
Applications. Canada: John Wiley & Sons; 2002. 7.

22. Mitchell R, Kumar V, Abbas A, Fausto N, Aster J. Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis
of Disease. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2012. 5–10.

23. Sherwood L. Human Physiology from Cells to Systems. 9th ed. Boston: Cengage Learning;
2006. 69. 24. Hollinger J. An Introduction to Biomaterials. CRC Press; 2006. 69.

25. Anggrahini S, Utami R, U Santoso. Effect of storage on antioxidative activity of atlantic and
granola potato peel extract. Agritech. 2000; 20(3): 134–138.

26. Montario A. Potato glycoalkaloid toxicity: solanine. Safe Spectrum Lighting. 2015 [cited 2015 Jun 29]. Available at http://www.safespectrum.com/articles/potato-toxicitysolanine.php

27. Gao S, Wang Q, Ji Y. Effect of solanine on the membrane potential of mitochondria in HepG2 cells and [Ca2+]i in the cells. World J Gastroenterol. 2006; 12(21): 3359–3367. doi:10.3748/wjg.v12.i21.3359

28. Brunner TJ, Wick P, Manser P, Spohn P, Grass RN, Limbach LK, Bruinink A, Stark WJ. In vitro cytotoxicity of oxide nanoparticles: comparison to asbestos, silica, and the effect of particle solubility. Environ Sci Technol. 2006; 40(14): 4374–4381. doi:10.1021/es052069i

29. Sjögren G, Sletten G, Dahl J. Cytotoxicity of dental alloys, metals, and ceramics assessed
by Millipore filter, agar overlay, and MTT tests. J Prosthet Dent. 2000; 84(2): 229–236.
doi: 10.1067/mpr.2000.107227

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/majkedgiind.40196